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研究生:張博修
研究生(外文):Bo-Hsiu Chang
論文名稱:傳輸控制協定和網路模擬分析無線通訊數據信號
論文名稱(外文):Analysis of Packet Signal with TCP Protocol and Network Simulator in Wireless Communication
指導教授:涂世雄涂世雄引用關係
指導教授(外文):Shih-Hsiung Twu
學位類別:碩士
校院名稱:中原大學
系所名稱:電機工程研究所
學門:工程學門
學類:電資工程學類
論文種類:學術論文
論文出版年:2004
畢業學年度:92
語文別:英文
論文頁數:68
中文關鍵詞:網路模擬軟體使用者資料通信協定傳輸控制通訊協定封包大小滑動視窗
外文關鍵詞:Sliding WindowNs-2packet sizeTransmussion Control Protocol
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本論文主要利用傳輸控制協定及網路模擬軟體研究數據封包在無線通訊網路上所遇到的問題,經由分析無線封包的屬性及修改現有傳輸控制協定,我們提出幾個新的作法企圖去改善封包傳輸的效能,並由網路模擬的結果得知,確實能達到我們所設計的目標。

此篇論文有三個研究步驟,首先,分析出有線及無線情況下封包傳輸的不同,由於封包延遲的原因,傳統有線傳輸控制協定的方法,並不適用於無線網路的傳輸。根據前面的結果得知,當無線通訊時我們提出不同的方式,將有線傳輸控制協定做修正以適合於無線傳輸。最後,運用網路模擬軟體模擬我們所提的機制,經由實驗結果驗證,修改傳統有線傳輸控制協定,確實能改善無線封包的傳輸效能。

在我們提出改善無線傳輸控制的機制中,本研究有兩個具體的貢獻,分別如下:
(1) 當通訊品質不良的無線網路中,適度的切割更小的封包大小,確實能增進傳輸的成功機率。
(2)運用區別出網路擁塞或中斷的技術,在我們所提出的機制中,確實能增進傳統傳輸控制協定的效能。
由本片論文的研究結果得知我們所提出的方法,比較現存的有線傳輸控制協定在無線傳輸控制上的應用,確實有較好的效能。
This thesis investigates the problem of analysis of package signal with TCP (Transport Control Protocol) protocol and <a href="http://www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=network&v=56">network</a> simulator for <a href="http://www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=wireless&v=56">wireless</a> communication. Via analyzing properties of <a href="http://www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=wireless&v=56">wireless</a> packages and modifying the existent TCP protocol, an attempt to improve the efficiency of package transaction is proposed by the authors. The simulation results based on NS-2 (Network Simulator version 2) tells us that the designed goals can be reached by this proposal.

There are three steps in our proposal. At first, the difference between wired and <a href="http://www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=wireless&v=56">wireless</a> packet transaction is analyzed. The basic concept we obtain is that when packet delayed occurs, the control stratagem used in wired transmission is not suitable for the case of <a href="http://www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=wireless&v=56">wireless</a> transmission. Hence, another difference stratagem for <a href="http://www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=wireless&v=56">wireless</a> communication is proposed. Then, based on the result of the first step, the TCP protocol of wired transmission will be modified to adapt the case of <a href="http://www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=wireless&v=56">wireless</a> transmission. Finally, the application <a href="http://www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=software&v=56">software</a> named “Network Simulator” is used to simulate the new scheme our proposal. The result shows that the modified scheme from wired TCP can perform well in the packet transmission of <a href="http://www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=wireless&v=56">wireless</a> communication.

There are two significant contributions to the study of how to improve TCP performance in the <a href="http://www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=wireless&v=56">wireless</a> communication in our proposal as follows:
(1) In the <a href="http://www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=wireless&v=56">wireless</a> <a href="http://www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=network&v=56">network</a>, when the transmission quality of signals , by cutting the package into smaller size appropriate, it can really increase the successful probability of transmission.
(2) By applying the technique of to distinguish the case of <a href="http://www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=network&v=56">network</a> congestion or <a href="http://www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=network&v=56">network</a> disconnection the working efficiency of traditional TCP can be enhance in our proposal.

The simulation results show that our proposed mechanisms achieve better performance than the existent wired protocol. It is believed that the results of our study in this thesis will be probably practical and efficient on applications of the TCP.
List of Figures……………………………..……….……...…….Ⅰ

Chapter 1 Introduction………………………………..………….…1
1.1 Motivations and Purposes………………………..…………………1
1.2 The Proposed Scheme………………………………………………3
1.3 Organization of This Thesis……………………...…………………4

Chapter 2 Overview of TCP……………………….………………5
2.1 Protocol Description……………………….………………………5
2.2 TCP Services……………………….………………………………9
2.3 Connection…………………………...……………………………11
2.4 Flow Control………………………………………………………16
2.5 Error Control………………………………………………………18
2.6 TCP Timers…………………………..……………………………19
2.7 Congestion Control…………………….…………….……………21

Chapter 3 Analysis of <a href="http://www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=Wireless&v=56">Wireless</a> Packet Signal with TCP Protocol and Simulator……………………………....22
3.1 Operation Principle and of the Proposed Scheme……..……....….22
3.2 Research Steps ……………………………………………………23
3.3 Analytical Data of the <a href="http://www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=Network&v=56">Network</a> Simulator………..………………27
3.4 Experimental Result………………………………………………30
Chapter 4. Conclusions and Future Research….………..……65

References…………………………………………………………….67

I
List of Figures
Figure 2.1 The OSI mode……………………………………….………..6
Figure 2.2 TCP Header……………………………………………….......7
Figure 2.3 The TCP/IP mode……………………………………………..9
Figure 2.4 TCP connection loop………………………………...………12
Figure 2.5 TCP disconnection loop……………………….….…………15
Figure 3.1 Wired network…………………………………….…………24
Figure 3.2 Interval network………………….....………….…...….……26
Figure 3.3 Wireless network……...………………………...…………...27
Figure 3.4 Throughput of TCP/ftp with splitting package………...……30
Figure 3.5 Measuring Jitter of CBR with splitting package…….....……31
Figure 3.6 Loss rate of total with splitting package…………………….32
Figure 3.7 Total traffic with splitting package………………….……….33
Figure 3.8 ACK counter with splitting Package………………….……..34
Figure 3.9 Throughput of TCP/ftp with window………………….…….35
Figure 3.10 Throughput of TCP/ftp with window………………………36
Figure 3.11 Loss rate of total with window……………………………..37
Figure 3.12 Total traffic with window…………………………………..38
Figure 3.13 ACK Counter with window………………………...………39
Figure 3.14 Throughput of TCP/ftp with interval time…………………40
Figure 3.15 Measuring jitter of CBR with interval time………..………41
Figure 3.16 Loss rate of total with interval time………….…………….42
Figure 3.17 Total traffic with interval time……………..………………43
Figure 3.18 ACK Counter with interval time……………………...……44
II
Figure 3.19 Throughput of TCP/ftp with splitting package…….....……45
Figure 3.20 Measuring Jitter of CBR with splitting package…………...46
Figure 3.21 Loss rate of total with splitting package…………….…..…47
Figure 3.22 Total traffic with splitting package……………..….……….48
Figure 3.23 ACK counter with splitting Package………………...……..49
Figure 3.24 Throughput of TCP/ftp with window……………..….…….50
Figure 3.25 Throughput of TCP/ftp with window………………………51
Figure 3.26 Loss rate of total with window……………………………..52
Figure 3.27 Total traffic with window…………………………………..53
Figure 3.28 ACK Counter with window………………………..………54
Figure 3.29 Throughput of TCP/ftp with interval time…………....……55
Figure 3.30 Measuring jitter of CBR with interval time………..………56
Figure 3.31 Loss rate of total with interval time………….…………….57
Figure 3.32 Total traffic with interval time……………..………………58
Figure 3.33 ACK Counter with interval time……………………...……59
Figure 3.34 Compare with the package…………………………………60
Figure 3.35 Compare with Jitter………………………………………...61
Figure 3.36 Compare with Loss rate……………………………………62
Figure 3.37 Compare with Traffic………………………………………63
Figure 3.38 Compare with ACK Counter……………………………….64
[1] DARPA INTERNET PROGRAM PROTOCOL SPECIFICATION, "RFC:793," September 1981.
[2] M. Chuah, O. Yue, A. DeSimone. “Performance of two TCP implementations in mobile computing environments,” Proc. IEEE GlobeCom'95, Pages:339-344, 1995.
[3] Mei-Zhen Chen, "JTCP: Congestion distinction by the jitter-based scheme over wireless networks," Dissertation and Thesis Abstract System, 2 July 2002.
[4] 3GPP. 3rd Generation Partnership Project; Technical Specification Group Services and Systems Aspects; Architecture for an All IP Network. 3GPP TR 23. 922, v1.0.0 (1999-10), 1999.
[5] W. Stevens, “TCP Slow Start, Congestion Avoidance, Fast Retransmit, and Fast Recovery Algorithms,” RFC 2001, Jan. 1997.
[6] C. E. Perkins, and Kuang-Yeh Wang, “Optimized smooth handoffs in Mobile IP,” Proceedings. IEEE International Symposium, Pages: 340-346, 1999.
[7] S. Floyd, V. Jacobson, “Random Early Detection Gateways for Congestion Avoidance,” IEEE/ACM Transaction on Networking, Auguest 1993
[8] S. Floyd, V. Jacobson, “Random Early Detection Gateways for Congestion Avoidance,” IEEE/ACM Transaction on Networking, Auguest 1993.
[9] M. Buddhikot, G. Chandranmenon, S. Han, Y. W. Lee, S. Miller, L. Salgarelli, “Integration of 802.11 and third-generation wireless data networks,” Twenty-Second Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies. IEEE, pp. 503-512 Vol.1, April 2003.
[10] T. E. Kim, S. Lu, and V. Bharghavan, “Improving congestion control performance through loss differentiation,” Proc. of IEEE 8th International Conference on Computer Communications and Networks, pp.412-418, Oct. 1999
[11] N. K. G. Samaraweera, “Non-congestion packet loss detection for TCP error recovery using wireless links,” IEE Proc. Communications, vol.146, pp. 222-230, Aug. 1999.
[12] The network simulator ns2, http://www.isi.edu/nsnam/ns/
[13] Anne Aaron and Susan Tsao, "Techniques to Improve TCP over Wireless Links", Nov. 28, 2000.
[14] Laurence R. Dusold, "History of the Internet", the American Chemical Society: ISBN 0-8412-3223-7.
[15] Robert Braden, Requirements for Internet Hosts-Communication Layers, October 1989, RFC 1122.
[16] David D. Clark. Window Acknowledgement and Strategy in TCP, July 1982, RFC 813.
[17] Behrouz A. Forouzan, TCP/IP Protocol Suite, 2003.
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