臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

行動式網際網路協定 ( Mobile IP ) 提供行動主機 (MH) 在不改變其IP 位置仍可存取Internet的機制，目前已成為一種標準協定。而階層式行動管理機制可有效降低漫遊時的註冊流量，為許多研究並行採用的機制。在 Mobile IP 的階層式架構之下，我們提出二種方法，其一為利用MH對所在網路 ( network ) 的所有FAs 進行本地端的多重註冊，使FA可執行封包備份，以確保封包不會遺失並正確地送達 MH。另一種則採取預測機制，以最末端的共同FA( NCFA )為MH備份封包以確保封包不會遺失。模擬結果顯示此二方法可避免封包遺失並可提供很好的效能降低封包傳遞的延遲。

The Mobile IP standard provides mobility support for mobile host (MH) connected to the Internet without changing their IP addresses. Hierarchical foreign agent (FA) management can reduce the registration overhead due to frequent local handoffs. An MH roaming around an overlap region of two FAs, it will handoff to a new FA when it detects the signal strength is stronger than the current FA. In this thesis, we propose a multi-registration (MREG) scheme and a nearest common foreign agent (NCFA) scheme. Our schemes adopt hierarchical foreign agent management architecture to restrict location update message through the wide-area network. Simulation results show that our schemes could reduce packet loss during handoffs and have short inter-arrival time.

ABSTRACT I
ABSTRACT IN CHINESE (中文摘要) II
誌謝 III
LIST OF CONTENTS IV
LIST OF TABLES VII
LIST OF FIGURES VIII
1. INTRODUCTION 1
1.1. MOTIVATION OF THE RESEARCH 1
1.2. THESIS ORGINAZATION 3
2. RELATED WORKS 4
2.1. MOBILE IP 4
2.2. HANDOFF METHODS 6
2.2.1. LCS AND ECS 6
2.2.2. HYSTERESIS PRINCIPLE 8
2.2.3. STRONG-DH 9
2.3. HIERARCHICAL MOBILITY MANAGEMENT 10
2.3.1. FA-LIST ADVERTISEMENT 11
2.3.2. HOME REGISTRATION AND REGIONAL REGISTRATION 11
2.3.3. HIERARCHICAL SCHEMES 13
2.4. MOBICAST SCHEME 13
2.5. SMOOTH HANDOFF WITH FORWARDING SCHEME 14
3. EFFICIENT SMOOTH HANDOFFS 16
3.1. SMOOTH HANDOFF SCHEME WITH MULTI-REGISTRATION 16
3.1.1. MULTI-REGISTRATION PROCESSES 17
3.1.1.1. REGISTRATION FOR INTER-SUBNET 18
3.1.1.2. DEREGISTRATION FOR INTER-SUBNET 19
3.1.1.3. REGISTRATION FOR INTRA-SUBNET 19
3.1.1.4. DEREGISTRATION FOR INTRA-SUBNET 20
3.1.2. LOCAL HANDOFF SCHEME 20
3.2. SMOOTH HANDOFF SCHEME WITH NCFA 22
3.2.1. STATE TRANSITION IN MH 22
3.2.2. NCFA DEFINITION 23
3.2.3. NCFA DISCOVERY 24
4. SIMULATED RESULTS AND PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS 27
4.1. SMOOTH HANDOFF SCHEME WITH MULTI-REGISTRATION 27
4.1.1. BEACON PERFORMANCE 28
4.1.2. HANDOFF LATENCY 29
4.1.3. REAL-TIME PERFORMANCE 30
4.2. SMOOTH HANDOFF SCHEME WITH NCFA 31
4.2.1. SIMULATED ENVIRONMENT 32
4.2.2. RESULTS 32
5. CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE WORK 37
BIBLIOGRAPHY 38
APPENDIX 1. THE SIMULATION SCRIPTS FOR MULTI-REGISTRATION 43
APPENDIX 3. THE DATUM OF ANALYTIC RESULTS FOR MULTI-REGISTRATION 59
APPENDIX 4. THE DATUM OF ANALYTIC RESULTS FOR NCFA 61
APPENDIX 5. THE SOURCE CODE FOR MULTI-REGISTRATION 63
APPENDIX 6. THE SOURCE CODE FOR NCFA 79
VITA 94

[1]A. Abdel-Hamid and H. Abdel-Wahab, “Local-area Mobility Support through Cooperating Hierarchies of Mobile IP Foreign Agents,” in Proceedings of the 6th IEEE International Symposium on Computers and Communications (ISCC’2001), pp. 479-484, Hammamet, Tunisia, July 2001.
[2]C.E. Perkins and K-Y. Wang, “Optimized Smooth Handoffs in Mobile IP,” in Proceedings of the 4th IEEE Symposium on Computers and Communications (ISCC), pp.340-346, Red Sea, Egypt, July 6-8, 1999.
[3]C.E. Perkins, “IP Encapsulation within IP,” IETF RFC 2003, October 1996.
[4]C.E. Perkins, “IP Mobility Support for IPv4,” IETF RFC 3220, January 2002.
[5]C.E. Perkins, “IP Mobility Support,” IETF RFC 2002, October 1996.
[6]C.E. Perkins, “Minimal Encapsulation within IP,” IETF RFC 2004, October 1996.
[7]C.E. Perkins, “Mobile IP: Design principles and Practices, First Printing,” Addision-Wesley, MA, 1997.
[8]C.E. Perkins, “Mobile-IP Local Registration with Hierarchical Foreign Agents,” Internet Draft (Work in Progress), February 1996.
[9]Cheng Lin Tan, Stephen Pink and Kin Mun Lye, “A Fast Handoff Scheme for Wireless Networks,” in Proceedings of the 2nd ACM international Workshop on Wireless Mobile Multimedia (WoWMoM), pp.83-90, Seattle WA USA, August 1999.
[10]Chunhung Richard Lin and Kai-Min Wang, “Scalable multicast protocol in IP-Based mobile networks,” Wireless Networks 8(1), pp.27-36, 2002.
[11]D. Tandjaoui, N. Badache, H. Bettahar, A. Bouabdallah and H. Seda, “Performance Enchancement of Smooth Handoff in Mobile IP by Reducing Packets Disorder,” Proceedings of 8th IEEE International Symposium on Computers and Communication (ISCC’03) , pp.149-154, Kemer-Antalya, Turkey, June 30-July 3, 2003.
[12]D.B. Johnson and C.E. Perkins, “Route Optimization in Mobile IP,” Internet Draft (Work in Progress), draft-ietf-mobileip-optim-11.txt, September 2001.
[13]D.K. Kim and C.K. Toh, “Mobile Multicasting in Wireless ATM Networks,” Mobile Networks and Applications, Vol.5, No.2, pp.55-64, August 2000.
[14]E. Gustafsson, A. Jonsson and C. Perkins “Mobile IP Regional Registration,” Internet Draft (Work in Progress), September 2001.
[15]Erdal Cayircj, Lan F. Akyildiz and Fellow, “User Mobility Pattern Scheme for Location Update and Paging in Wireless System,” IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing, Vol. 1, No.3, July-September 2002.
[16]H. Omar, T. Saadawi and M. Lee, “Multicast Support for Mobile-IP with the Hierarchical Local Registration Approach,” International Workshop on Wireless Mobile Multimedia, pp.55–64, 2000.
[17]J. Solomon, “Applicability Statement fot IP Mobility Support,” IETF RFC 2005, October 1996.
[18]Network Research Group, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. ns-LBNL Network Simulator. URL: http://www-nrg.ee.lbl.gov/ns/.
[19]R. Cáceres and V.N. Padmanabhan, “Fast and Scalable Handoffs for Wireless Internetworks,” in the 2nd Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking, (ACM and IEEE), pp.56-65, Rye, New York, November 1996.
[20]R. Ramjee, K. Varadhan, L. Salgarelli, S.R. Thuel, S-Y. Wang and T. La Porta, “HAWAII: A Domain-based Approach for Supporting Mobility in Wide-area Wireless Networks,” IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, Vol. 10, No. 3, pp. 396-410, June 2002.
[21]R. Ramjee, T. La Porta, S. Thuel, K. Varadhan and L. Salgarelli, “IP Micro-mobility support using HAWAII,” Internet Draft (Work in Progress), December 1999.
[22]R. Vadali, Li Jianhui, Wu Yiqiong and Cao Guohong, “Agent-based Route Optimization for Mobile IP,” in proceedings of IEEE 54th Vehicular Technology Conference, Vol. 4, pp.2731-2735, October 7-11, 2001.
[23]T. Camp, J. Lusth and J. Matocha, “Reduced Cell Switching in a Mobile Computing Environment”, Proceedings of the sixth annual international conference on Mobile computing and networking, pp. 143-154, August 2000.
[24]Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications: Higher Speed Physical Layer in the 2.4GHz band, IEEE std. 802.11b, September 1999.
[25]Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications: Higher Speed Physical Layer in the 5GHz band, IEEE std. 802.11a, September 1999.
[26]Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications: Higher Speed Physical Layer in the 2.4GHz band, IEEE std. 802.11g, June 2003.
[27]X. Zhang, J. Castellanos, A. Campbell, K. Sawada and M. Barry, “P-MIP: Minimal Paging Extensions for Mobile IP,” Internet Draft (Work in Progress), July 2000.
[28]Y. Choo, Y. Huh and C. Kim, “Efficient Multicast Support Exploiting Mobility of Hosts,” IEICE TRANS. COMMUN., Vol.E85-B, No.6, pp.1213-1217, June 2002.