臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

遠距教學的理想已經存在許多年。由於通訊與資訊技術的迅速演進，新形態的教育已不再受到時間與空間的限制。任何人、任何時間、任何地點，皆可以接受到教育的傳達。目前，遠距教學可以利用儲存媒體(如CD-ROM)或即時線上來進行。 但由於網際網路技術的高度發展與可及度的普及，使得線上遠距教學的學習模式有著爆發性的成長。現今，美國國家教育學會，有十分之一的高等教育會員，提供了線上學習的課程。而這些課程，並非集中在少數幾個特定的領域。因此，線上學習的課程是與傳統教學的課程，相似的散佈於世上的各個學習領域。
蒙古國的遠距教學歷史有限，諸如線上學習、多媒體、自我評量、學習者為本的教育、以及自我學習等等，到現在都還是全新的概念。於西元1991年，蒙古開發了第一個遠距教學專案，但是此專案重點僅集中於中等學校教育層次的少部份課程。而在蒙古，至今也尚未有任何較高教育層次的線上學習系統的建構與開發。
近年來，蒙古科技大學的資訊科學與管理學院，學生對入學的需求增加迅速，因此，造成教室與設備資源的不足，老師的負擔過重，嚴重影響教學品質。目前所謀求的最佳解決方案，即為建構線上教學系統。此外，線上學習的提供，也可以提高學校的競爭力。
此篇報告，即在於分析蒙古科技大學的資訊科學與管理學院的背景現況，並設計一可建構於網際網路上的線上教學系統，同時開發出系統的雛形。這套系統將是蒙古人第一套使用於大學教育以上的線上學習系統。

The idea of distance education has existed for many years. With advance in telecommunications and computer technology, new modalities have arisen to enhance the concept of offering an education to anyone, anywhere at anytime. Nowadays, distance education is available on CD-ROM or online. When Internet technologies became available, the advent of Internet technologies resulted in an explosive growth of distance learning courses.
Currently, one of the 10 higher education members of National Education Association of USA offers an e-learning course. E-learning courses are not concentrated in a few academic fields. E-learning and traditional courses are similarly distributed across fields in the world.
But Mongolia has little tradition of distance education. Concepts such as e-learning, multi-media, self-assessment questions, learner-centered education and independent learner were all new until recently.
From 1991 Mongolian first distance education project was implemented. However, the project focused on a few general courses of high school level. There is without any e-learning system implemented in higher education in Mongolian.
In the recent years, demand of Computer Science and Management School (CSMS) of Mongolian University of Science and Technology (MUST) is increasing, classrooms are insufficient, and instructors’ loadings are exceeding. These problems made it difficult to add additional students in the courses offered. The school management was considering the best solution for these problems is to implement an e-learning system. Moreover, e-learning can bring competitive advantages.
The aim of this report is to analyze the background and resource in CSMS of MUST then design an e-learning system by using Internet technology and provide the system prototype. The proposed system will be the first e-learning system in colleges and higher educations of Mongolian.

Table of contents
摘要………………………………………………………………………….…. i
Abstract …………….……………………………………………………….... iii
Table of contents …....……………………………………………………….. v
List of Figures .…...………………………………………………….………. vii
List of Tables .....……………………………………………………………. viii
Chapter 1 Introduction...........................................................................……... 1
Chapter 2 Theoretical background .......................................................……... 4
2.1 The need for Distance Learning.................................................……... 4
2.2 Distance Learning Technologies ................................................…….. 8
2.3 What is E-learning?..................................................................…….... 14
2.3.1 Literature review on e-learning.……..........................................… 15
2.3.2 Definitions of e-learning...............………...................................... 22
2.3.3 Differences between Traditional learning and E-learning.…......... 27
2.3.4 E-learning SWOT analysis ..................................................…....... 28
2.4 Characteristics of E-learning ...........................................…….....…. 30
2.4.1 E-learning applications and infrastructure..................................… 37
Chapter 3 Study on E-learning system .......................................................... 39
3.1 E-learning in USA ...........................................................................… 39
3.2 E-learning in Mongolia ...................................................................… 42
3.3 The web-based e-learning systems in USA ...................................…. 44
Chapter 4 Designing E-learning system in CSMS of MUST ....................... 47
4.1 Brief introduction ................................................................................ 47
4.2 Preliminary Investigation ................................................................... 50
4.3 System analysis .................................................................................... 55
4.3.1 Data flow diagrams ........................................................................ 57
4.3.2 Data flows ....................................................................................... 62
4.4 System design ....................................................................................... 65
4.4.1 Output Design ................................................................................. 65
4.4.2 Input Design.................................................................................... 67
4.4.3 File and Database Design................................................................ 70
4.4.4 Implementation Requirements........................................................ 75
4.5 System Prototype.................................................................................. 77
4.5.1 Systems development environment ................................................ 80
Conclusions ...................................................................................................... 83
References ..........................................................….......................................... 87
Appendix .......................................................................................................... 95
Vita .................................................................................................................. 100




List of Figures
Figure 2-1 Distance learning terms …………………………………………..22
Figure 4-1 Proposed organization chart of CSMS………………..…………..54
Figure 4-2 Context diagram…………………………………………………..57
Figure 4-3 DFD-0 …………………………………………………………….58
Figure 4-4 Registration system ……………………………………………….59
Figure 4-5 Learning management system …………………………………….60
Figure 4-6 Online quiz system ………………………………………………..61
Figure 4-7 Class grade report …………..…………………………………….65
Figure 4-8 Transcript …………………………………………………………66
Figure 4-9 Login screen ………………………………………………………67
Figure 4-10 Registration form ………………….…………………………….67
Figure 4-11 Add course …………………..…………………………………..68
Figure 4-12 Select course …………………………………………………….68
Figure 4-13 Input question ……………..…………………………………….69
Figure 4-14 Add quiz ……………………..………………………………….69
Figure 4-15 Database scheme ………….…………………………………….74
Figure 4-16 System architecture………………..…………………………….76
Figure 4-17 The structure of main site …………………………………….…79




List of Tables
Table 2.1. Expected Benefits of Distance Learning………………..……………5
Table 2.2 Advantages and Disadvantages of Distance Learning Technologies .10
Table 2.3 Distance Learning Technologies and Key Requirements…………...13
Table 2.4 Traditional learning and e-learning …………………………………27
Table 3.1 Result of the study…………………………………………………..45
Table 4.1 Numbers of students, enrollees, and applicants of CSMS…………..48
Table 4.2 Classroom capacity………………………………………………….48
Table 4.3 Instructors’ average loading (per year)……………………………...48
Table 4.4 Number of competitors (by department)……………………………49
Table 4.5 Survey result…………………………………………………………50
Table 4.6 File and database design……………………………………………..70
Table 4.7 Types of the training…………………………………………………75
Table 4.8 The stages of implementation of the proposed system………………75
Table 4.9 The structure of general web………………………………………...77
Table 4.10 System development environment…………………………………80
Table 4.11 Time and cost estimates……………………………………………81

Journals & Proceedings
[1]Alexander, S. (2001), “E-learning developments and experiences”, Education + Training, Vol. 43 No 4/5, pp. 240-8.
[2]Badarch, D. (1999), “Higher Education of USA”, Mongolian Higher Education: A Vision for 21st Century, National Conference Proceedings, MTU Publishing Center.
[3]Colette, E. (2001), “Electronic education system model”, Computers & Education, Vol. 36, pp. 171-82.
[4]Cooke, J. and Veach, I. (1997), “Enhancing the learning outcome of university distance education: an Australian perspective”, International Journal of Educational Management, Vol. 11 No. 5, pp. 203-8.
[5]Daniel, J.S. (1997), “Why universities need technology strategies”, Change, Vol. 29 No. 4, pp. 11-17.
[6]Eckert, A., Geyer, W. and Effelsberg, W. (1997), “A distance learning system for higher education based on tele-communications and multimedia: a compound organizational, pedagogical and technical approach”, Proceedings ED-Media/Ed- Telecom, Calgary, Canada, June.
[7]Garrison, S.H. and Borgia, D.J. (1999), “Using an Internet based distance learning to teach introductory finance”, Campus-Wide Information Systems, Vol. 16 No. 4, pp.136-9.
[8]Hamid, A.A. (2002), “E-learning is it the “e” or the learning that matters?”, The Internet and Higher education, No 4, 311-316,
[9]Harrod, W.L. and Townsend, L.A. (1998), “Distance learning in a changing environment at Lucent Technologies”, Career Development International, Vol. 3 No. 5, pp. 194-8.
[10]Henry, P. (2001), “E-learning technology, content and services”, Education + Training, Vol. 43 No. 4, pp. 249-55.
[11]Ismail, J (2002), “The design of an e-learning system beyond the hype”, Internet and Higher Education, No 4. 329–336
[12]Meister, J.C. Savvy (2000), “E-learners drive revolution in education: The case for corporate universities”, Financial Times, Business Education, April 3
[13]Mitra, J. (2000), “Making connections: innovation and collective learning in small businesses”, Education + Training, Vol. 42 No. 4/5, pp. 228-36.
[14]Mijid Baasanjav, Begzjav Munkhbaatar, Udval Lkhamsuren (2003), “The Changing Structure of Higher Education in Mongolia”, World Education News and Reviews, July/August.
[15]Passerini, K., & Granger, M. J. (2000). “A developmental model for distance learning using the internet”, Computers & Education, Vol.34,1–15
[16]Patterson, G. (1999), “The learning university”, The Learning Organization, Vol. 6 No. 1, pp. 9-17.
[17]Robinson, B. (1999), “Open and Distance Learning in the Gobi Desert: Nonformal Education for Nomadic Women”, Distance Education: An International Journal, November.
[18]Sedgwick, R. (2003), “Education in Mongolia”, World Education News and Reviews, July/August.
[19]Tarr, M. (1998), “Distance learning bringing out the best”, Industrial and Commercial Training, Vol. 30, No. 3, pp. 104-6.
[20]Thomas, P. (1997), “Teaching over the Internet: the future”, Computing & Control Engineering Journal, Vol. 8 No. 3, pp. 136-42.
[21]Tian, S. (2001), “The World Wide Web: a vehicle to develop interactive learning and teaching applications”, Internet Research: Electronic Networking Applications and Policy, Vol. 11 No. 1, pp. 74-83.
[22]Undrakh.Ts (2002), “A perspective on Alternative media in Mongolia”, Asia Region World Association for Christian Communication Proceedings, Tokyo, January 9-14.
[23]Vines, D. (1998), “Large-scale distance learning initiatives”, Campus-Wide Information Systems, Vol. 15 No. 4, pp. 137-41.
[24]Webb, J.P. (2000), “Technology: a tool for the learning environment”, Campus-Wide Information Systems, Vol. 18 No. 2, pp. 73-8.
[25]Weidman, J.C (2001), “Developing the Mongolia Education Sector strategy 2000-2005: Reflections of a Consultant for the Asian Development Bank”, Current issues in Comparative Education, 3(2)-article, May 1.
[26]Weidman, J.C and John L.Yeager (1999), Mongolian Higher education in Transition, International Higher Education, Spring.
Books
[27]Appu, A. (2002), “Making use of PHP”, Wiley publishing, USA.
[28]Axmark, D. Widenius, M. and others (2001), “MySQL Reference manual”, MySQL AB publishing, Sweden.
[29]Belander, F. and Jordan, D.H. (2000), ”Evaluation and Implementation of Dictance Learning: Technologies,Tools and Techniques”, Idea Group Publishing, London.
[30]Clark, R.E. (1994), “Assessment of Distance Learning Technology”, Technology assessment in Education and Training, Hillsdale, NJ:Erlbaum
[31]Gerend, Jason and Nelson, Stephen L. (2001) “New webmaster’s Guide to Dreamweaver 4”, Redmond Technology Press, USA
[32]Hall, M. (1998), Core Web Programming , Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ.
[33]Horton, William (2000), “Designing Web-Based Training”, Wiley Publishing, USA.
[34]Kimihiko, Hayashi (2002),“Self-study book in Computer Graphics”, College of Arts, Ulaanbaatar (in Mongolian)
[35]Meadhra, Michael (2001), “How to do everything with Dreamweaver 4”, McGraw-Hill, USA.
[36]Rosenberg, Marc J. (2001), “E-learning: strategies for delivering knowledge in the digital age”, McGraw-Hill, London
[37]Shelly, G.B. Cashman, T.J. and Rosenblatt, H.J. (2001), “Systems analysis and Design”, Thomson.
[38]Weidman, J.C, R.Bat-Erdene (2002), “Higher education and state in Mongolia: Dilemmas of democratic transition”, In D.W.Chapman, A.E.Austin (Eds.), Higher education in developing world: Changing contexts and institutional responses, Westport, CT:Greenwood Press, 2002
Reports
[39]Alexander, S. and McKenzie, J. (1998), “An Evaluation of Information Technology Projects in University Learning”, Department of Employment, Education and Training and Youth Affairs, Australian Government Publishing Services, Canberra.
[40]Computer Science and Management School (2002), “Operational report”, Ulaanbaatar
[41]Fortune group (2002), “E-Learning development” technical report
[42]Institute for Higher Education Policy (1999), “What’s the difference?- a review of contemporary research on the effectiveness of distance learning in higher education”, USA, April.
[43]Johnstone, D.B. (1992), “Learning productivity: a new imperative for American higher education”, Studies in Public Higher Education, State University of New York, USA
[44]Martin, Graeme. and Jennings, Angela (2002), “E-learning technology evaluation report”, report for scottish enterprise, university of Abertay Dundee, October.
[45]Ministry of Education (2000), “Mongolian Education sector development strategy 2000-2005”, Ulaanbaatar
[46]National Education Association (2000), “A survey of traditional and distance learning higher education members”, USA, June
[47]National Center for Education Statistics (1997), “Distance education in higher education institutions” statistical analysis report, USA, October
[48]Strazzo, D., Tim L. and Wentling, (2000), “A Study of e-Learning Practices in Selected Fortune 100 Companies”, USA.
[49]UNDP report (2002), “Country profile: Mongolia”
Web sites
[50]Cisco Systems (2000), Cisco Systems IQ Atlas, available at:
http://www.ieng.com/warp/public/750/iq/ele/tre/res/ele
[51]E-education system: http://www.blackboard.com
[52]E-learning course:
(http://www.tmag.com/sgarrison/courses/fin3240d/ index.html)
[53]E-learning definitions:
www.learnframe.com/aboutelearning/glossary.asp
www.mba.hobsons.com/sections/study_guides/GlobalGlossary/glossary.htm
www.ltsnhsap.kcl.ac.uk/site/resources/glossarykeywords.htm
www.i-stt.com/resources/glossary/E.html
www.neiu.edu/~dbehrlic/hrd408/glossary.htm
www.usd.edu/library/instruction/glossary.shtml
www.bbk.ac.uk/ccs/elearn/glossary.htm
e-learningguru.com/gloss.htm
www.windeatt.f2s.com/ijet/glossary.htm
www.plymouth.edu/psc/infotech/tlc/itcc/Glossary.htm
www.oslerbooks.com/telecom/cisco.eglossary.html
www.irvingisd.net/~mvillarreal/M.%20Villarreal''s%20Glossary.htm
www.optasia.com/opguide/elearngloss.htm
www.lct-waidmayr.at/e_glossary.htm
[54]“Internet-based distance education” project web site:
http://www.elearning.mn
[55]Johnstone, D.B. (1992), “Learning productivity: a new imperative for American higher education”, Studies in Public Higher Education, State University of New York, NY, available at:
http://www.educom.edu/web/pubs/pubHomeFrame.html
[56]Knowledge Pool training site: http://www.knowledgepool.com
[57]“Knowledge” project web site: http://www.knowledge.edu.mn/
[58]Marcel de Leeuwe, What is e-learning?, available on
http://www.elearningsite.com
[59]Ministry of Science, Education and Culture web site:
www.med.pmis.gov.mn
[60]Online learning system: http://www.4teachers.org
[61]Online learning system: http://www.funbrain.com
[62]Stacey, P.(2000),“E-learning”, available at:
http://www.bctechnology.com/statistics/pstacey