臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

台灣於民國八十二年邁入高齡化社會，伴隨老化過程而來的慢性疾病多半與營養有密不可分之關係。流行病學研究指出，攝取番茄紅素可預防攝護腺癌、乳癌及心血管疾病等的發生。我國老人攝取番茄紅素（lycopene）較西方人高，血中濃度卻較低，且目前無針對老人補充番茄紅素後血中濃度變化之研究。故本研究目的在比較老人補充不同型式番茄紅素之生物利用率。研究對象為兩家北縣安養中心老人，分別補充含30毫克番茄紅素之膠囊或15毫克番茄紅素之番茄糊（tomato paste）兩週，進行三日飲食記錄，補充前後抽取血液分析血漿番茄紅素濃度。受試者平均年齡80.46 ± 5.7歲，身體質量指數（body mass index；BMI）為25.00 ± 3.20 kg/m2。膠囊組之熱量、蛋白質及醣類攝取量均較番茄糊組高；經調整熱量及脂質攝取量後，補充前兩組番茄紅素攝取量無顯著差異，補充後攝取量則是膠囊組高於番茄糊組。血漿番茄紅素濃度經調整身體質量指數、血中總膽固醇、總膽紅素、熱量、脂質、β-胡蘿蔔素及葉黃素攝取量後，兩組補充後血漿中總番茄紅素濃度均顯著較補充前高，且番茄糊組血漿中總番茄紅素濃度（321.06 ± 100.64 ng/ml）在補充後明顯較膠囊組高（218.77 ± 129.85 ng/ml）。綜合以上，建議老人可以藉由適量修改飲食內容，而非以價位較高之補充劑提高血漿番茄紅素濃度。

Taiwan has entered elderly society since 1993. The relationship between nutrition and chronic diseases accompanied with aging was highly correlated. Recent epidemiological studies suggested that lycopene might prevent the occurrence of prostate cancer, breast cancer and cardiovascular diseases. Elderly in Taiwan had higher lycopene consumption than those in western countries, but their serum lycopene concentration was lower. However, there were no studies on lycopene bioavailability of lycopene supplementation in elderly. The aim of this study was to compare the bioavailability between two different ways of lycopene supplementation in elderly. Elderly in two residential homes in Taipei County were recruited. One group was given by lycopene capsules contained 30 mg lycopene per day; the other consumed dishes with tomato paste containing 15 mg lycopene per day for two weeks. We collected 3-day weighted diet records of each subjects. Plasma lycopene concentration was analyzed before and after implementation. The average age of the studied subjects was 80.46 ± 5.7 years old. Body mass index（BMI）was 25.00 ± 3.20 kg/m2. Energy, protein and carbohydrate intakes were higher in those who consumed capsules than those with tomato paste. However, after adjustment for energy and fat intakes, there were no significant differences on lycopene intake between groups before the supplementation, but lycopene intake was higher in those who consumed capsules than those who consumed tomato paste after the supplementation. After adjustment for BMI, blood total cholesterol, blood total bilirubin, energy, fat, β-carotene and lutein intakes, plasma concentrations of total lycopene were increased significantly after lycopene supplementation. Plasma concentrations of total lycopene for both groups in those who consumed tomato paste（321.06 ± 100.64 ng/ml）were higher than those who consumed capsules（218.77 ± 129.85 ng/ml）. From the results, the bioavailability of lycopene was better by consuming dishes with tomato paste than capsule supplementation in elderly.

中文摘要 i
英文摘要 ii
目錄 iv
表目錄 vii
圖目錄 viii
第一章 前言 1
第二章 文獻回顧 2
第一節 番茄紅素簡介 2
一 番茄紅素來源 2
二 番茄紅素性質 3
三 番茄紅素生理活性 4
四 番茄紅素於體內分布 5
第二節 烹調過程中影響番茄紅素安定性之因子 6
一 溫度 6
二 氧氣 8
三 光照強度 8
第三節 番茄紅素攝取與疾病之關係 9
一 番茄紅素與攝護腺癌 9
二 番茄紅素與乳癌 10
三 番茄紅素與肺癌 11
四 番茄紅素與消化癌 11
五 番茄紅素與皮膚癌 12
六 番茄紅素與心血管疾病 12
七 番茄紅素與免疫 13
八 其他 13
第四節 影響血中番茄紅素濃度之因子 14
一 飲食因子 14
1.番茄紅素異構化的影響 14
2.油脂介質的影響 14
3.食物主體的影響 15
4.膳食纖維的影響 15
5.其他類胡蘿蔔素的交互作用 15
二 個人特質 16
三 生活型態 16
四 藥物與疾病 17
五 番茄紅素生物利用率 18
第三章 材料與方法 22
第一節 研究目的與架構 22
一 研究目的 22
二 研究架構 23
第二節 研究對象 25
第三節 研究設計 25
一 研究流程 25
二 基本資料之取得 27
三 飲食記錄 27
四 番茄紅素之補充 28
五 分析方法 28
第四節 統計分析 29
一 資料處理過程 29
二 統計分析方法 29
第四章 結果 33
第一節 番茄紅素濃度之分析 33
一 血漿番茄紅素濃度分析 33
二 食物番茄紅素濃度分析 33
第二節 研究對象基本資料 34
第三節 研究對象營養素攝取情形 34
一 熱量及一般營養素攝取情形 34
二 植物化學物質攝取情形 36
第四節 研究對象各項血液生化值 37
第五節 研究對象血漿中番茄紅素濃度 37
第六節 研究對象血漿番茄紅素濃度增加量之影響因素 38
第五章 討論 55
第一節 研究對象營養素攝取情形 55
一 每日平均熱量及一般營養素攝取情形 55
二 番茄紅素攝取情形 56
第二節 研究對象血漿番茄紅素濃度 57
第三節 研究對象血漿番茄紅素濃度增加量之影響因素 59
第四節 研究限制 61
第六章 結論與建議 65
第一節 結論 65
第二節 建議 66
第七章 參考文獻 67
附錄一 兩週含番茄糊菜餚菜單 82
附錄二 安養中心院民補充番茄紅素之評估問卷 83
附錄三 剩餘量及滿意度問卷 88
附錄四 院民飲食供應紀錄表 90
附錄五 院民飲食紀錄表 91

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