臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

全球化、全面品質、市場需求多變及產品週期短，企業面臨的競爭是資訊科技時代的時間壓力。所以企業的競爭優勢將建立在時間、品質、彈性及成本這些關鍵議題上，進而導向延伸企業的形式。簡單的說，延伸企業是由特定的成員彼此分享成本、資源、資訊及核心競爭能力，協同合作以把握快速變化的市場機會進而取得競爭優勢。然而，從早期庫存管理上的賣方管理存貨(Vendor Managed Inventory)、協同規劃預測與補貨(Collaborative Planning, forecasting and replenishment)等等方式，過去的生產規劃缺乏有彈性的協同合作及整體考量，在現今高度動態的製造環境下，不夠彈性的計劃無法快速反應市場變化。因此，對於成員間協同規劃與訂單管理的議題是值得注意的，本研究目的為在考慮及評估延伸企業對於生產排程的協同規劃在訂單管理機制上關於交期、成本及利益的績效表現。並以上述概念設計延伸企業模型及傳統供應鏈模型，以系統模擬的方式驗證及分析兩模型在績效表現上的結果。
本研究利用模擬軟體Arena®結合Visual Basic®程式語言為模型代理人執行平台，建構了延伸企業模型及傳統供應鏈模型，考慮兩階層之接單後生產供應鏈架構，其中延伸企業模型為一個上下游分享完全資訊，以插單方式協同規劃生產排程的聯盟組合，其上下游生產夥伴固定。傳統模型缺乏上下游資訊分享及協同規劃，但是客戶可再次選擇下游生產夥伴。在考量各環境因子如訂單交期緊迫、訂單利潤後，模擬結果顯示，延伸企業模型的整體獲益能力較傳統模型高6.5%，延伸企業模型在交期表現及接單量之間較傳統模型容易取得平衡，績效表現也較傳統模型優秀。傳統模型雖然擁有生產夥伴的選擇彈性，但是缺乏資訊共享的結果，使得上游在只顧及自身利益最大化情況下，無法兼顧訂單交期表現，也犧牲了下游廠商的利益，降低了供應鏈的整體利益，證實延伸企業模式確實在資訊共享的情況下，對於訂單有較佳的生產排程，進而增加接單能力及交期表現。

Facing globalization and highly demand variation situation. Traditionally process planning and scheduling have been rather separate activities within a company. Nowadays, we need for more flexible manufacturing strtegy in supply chain, extended enterprise is one relate concept. Effect and efficient implementation of extended enterprise requires an enterprise level integration. Little research has considered that collaborative planning for extended enterprise and its benefit form firms in supply chain. This paper focus on the performance of collaborative planning and information sharing in supply chain. It also examines the impact of environment variation on the value of collaborative planning between up and down stream firms. We constructed two simulation models for extended enterprise and classic, each model consists of two production stages and members. Order allocation depend on the bid of members in model. Analyses of the simulation outputs show that while collaborative planning can bring great benefits to the entire supply chain, it slight hurts the up stream firms under most conditions. However, it can also increase the benefits for down stream firms. These findings will motivate companies to implement collaborative planning, and will help to design incentive schemes to encourage collaborative planning projects.

目錄
誌謝 I
中文摘要 II
Abstract III
目錄 IV
表目錄 VI
圖目錄 VII
第一章 緒論 1
第一節 研究背景與動機 1
第二節 研究目的 2
第二章 文獻探討 4
第一節 延伸企業概念 4
第二節 協同規劃與排程 13
第三章 研究設計 22
第一節 延伸企業及傳統模型與架構 22
第二節 協同插單排程 32
第三節 研究設計與限制 44
第四章 模擬實驗與分析 47
第一節 內部訂單利潤對系統的影響 47
第二節 最小收益下限對系統的影響 54
第三節 廠商外部訂單策略對系統的影響 63
第四節 訂單交期寬鬆設定對系統的影響 68
第五章 結論與建議 76
第一節 結論 76
第二節 建議 77
參考文獻 79
附錄一 VBA程式宣告變數對照表 83
附錄二 延伸企業模型協同規劃程式碼 85
附錄三 各項實驗數據整理 93

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