臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

會大眾對於得到某些疾病的人們經常帶有刻板印象(stereotype)或是偏見(prejudice)的眼光，本研究的目的是想了解台灣的社會大眾對哪些疾病有污名化(stigma)的現象，以及，他們是用哪些向度(dimension)來看這些受污名的疾病。本研究採取社會表徵的觀點(the view of social representation)探討此問題。研究一先以內容分析法(content analysis)和調查法（questionnaire survey）蒐集和確定有哪些疾病受到污名，結果得到SARS、愛滋病、皮膚病、小兒麻痺、性病、憂鬱症、藥物成癮、精神病、兔唇（唇顎裂）、性功能障礙（腎虧）十種污名疾病。研究二再以研究一所蒐集到的十個疾病，請91位大學生進行兩兩疾病的相似性判斷，再以多元尺度法（Multidimensional Scaling, MDS）找出污名疾病的向度，結果得到可見性、傳染性、可接近性、安全性等向度。兩個研究的結果顯示，受污名的疾病和向度在特定的社會脈絡(social context)下，具有文化特殊性，但是透過大眾媒體的溝通傳播，仍有其世界普同性。

From the social representation perspective, two studies were conducted to investigate what diseases were stigmatized in Taiwan society, and which dimensions people use to represent them. The content analysis and the questionnaire survey were used in study 1. Ten diseases were obtained: SARS, AIDS, skin disease, infantile paralysis, chancre, melancholia, drug addict, psychosis, harelip, and kidney disease. In study 2, the 91 undergraduate students performed a paired comparison task in which they were asked to compare the ten diseases in terms of their similarity/dissimilarity. Results of a multidimensional scaling analysis indicated that the stigmatized diseases were represented in four dimensions: visibility, infection, safety, and approachability. The cultural universality and specificity of social representation of the stigmatized diseases were discussed.

中文摘要………………………………………………………..….… .I
英文摘要 Ⅱ
全文目錄……………………………………………………………. Ⅲ
圖表目錄…………………………………………… Ⅴ

第一章 研究動機與目的…………………………………………………… 1
第二章 文獻探討 4
第一節 社會污名（social stigma）…………….……………….4
一、 污名的定義 4
二、 污名的形成 5
三、 污名的向度 6
第二節 疾病的污名化………………………………………………9
一、 疾病與污名………………………………………………9
二、 社會脈絡下的疾病污名…………………………………9
第三節 社會表徵觀點 ……………………………………13
一、 社會表徵的意涵 ………………… 13
二、 社會表徵觀點的歷史回顧 13
三、 社會表徵的形成 15
四、 社會脈絡與社會表徵 18
五、 社會表徵的研究方法 21
六、 多元尺度法 23
第三章 研究一：台灣社會中受污名的疾病…………………………… 25
第一節 前置研究-初步內容分析………………………. 25
第二節 正式研究-調查法………………………………… 31
第三節 討論 37
第四章 研究二：台灣社會中的污名向度─多元尺度法
一、 研究目的………………………………………………… 40
二、 研究工具……………………………………………… 40
三、 研究程序………………………………………… 40
四、 研究對象 41
五、 研究結果 41
六、 討論 52
第五章 綜合討論 54
一、研究結果……………………………………………… 55
二、研究特色… 56
三、研究限制 58
四、未來研究方向 58

參考文獻 ……………….….……. 59

附錄
附錄一：預試問卷……………………………….…... …… 65
附錄二：正式問卷…………………………………………. 69
附錄三：相似性判斷問卷…………………………………………. 73


圖表目錄

圖2-1 社會表徵的社會起源 17
圖4-1 A卷向度…………… 46
圖4-2 B卷向度. 47
圖5-1 研究設計架構. 54
表1-1 全國博碩士論文檢索結果………….. 26
表1-2 報紙內容分析結果.…. 29
表1-3 內容分析綜合結果 30
表3-1預試問卷結果分析…… 33
表3-2正式問卷結果分析(污名程度指標)…… 36
表3-3正式問卷結果分析(形容詞向度指標)…… 37
表4-1 A、B卷答題差異分析… 41
表4-2 A、B卷抽取向度後適合指標… 45
表4-3 A卷向度..….. 45
表4-4 B卷向度….. 46
表4-5 A卷向度與形容詞之相關係數表 48
表4-6 A卷向度與形容詞多元回歸表…… 48
表4-7 B卷向度與形容詞之相關係數表 49
表4-8 B卷向度與形容詞多元回歸表……… 49
表4-9 A卷個人評量向度權重比例表 50
表4-10 B卷個人評量向度權重比例表… 51

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