利用鋅金屬交換來研究[Gd(TTDA-β-GP)]–與半乳喃醣酵素(β-galactosidase, β-gal)反應前後之動力學穩定度。由結果顯示[Gd(TTDA-β-GP)]-及[Gd(TTDA-β-GP)]–+2.4 nM β-gal對Zn2+有足夠動力學穩定性。利用17O-NMR測定Dy(III)金屬離子誘導水中17O核種之化學位移變化(d.i.s.)，求得[Gd(TTDA-β-GP)]–與半乳喃醣酵素反應前後之內層水分子變化，結果顯示其與酵素反應後，內層水分子增加33%。利用400MHz核磁共振光譜儀在25°C下，測量[Gd(TTDA-β-GP)]–與半乳喃醣酵素反應前後之縱向弛緩時間(longitudinal relaxation time，T1)，由此結果發現，[Gd(TTDA-β-GP)]–加入的酵素濃度愈高，反應時間愈久，表示半乳喃醣酵素切割愈多，故其T1值下降愈多。利用400MHz的17O核磁共振光譜儀，求得釓金屬錯合物之弛緩率(1/T1, 1/T2)和化學位移，進行數據逼近(data fitting)，可計算出釓金屬錯合物之內層水分子交換速率(kex)及分子轉動相關時間。[Gd(TTDA-β-GP)]–之kex值為125*10^6s–1，與 [Gd(TTDA)(H2O)]2-(146*10^6 s–1)類似，而遠比[Gd(DTPA)(H2O)]2- (3.03*10^6 s–1)高很多。而[Gd(TTDA-HE)(H2O)1.2]–之kex值為32.2*10^6 s–1，明顯比[Gd(TTDA)(H2O)]-低很多。在分子轉動相關時間方面，[Gd(TTDA-HE)(H2O)1.2]–與[Gd(TTDA)(H2O)]2–類似，明顯比[Gd(TTDA-β-GP)(H2O)0.8]–小很多。將[Gd(TTDA-β-GP)(H2O)0.8]–與[Gd(TTDA-HE)(H2O)1.2]–及[Gd(TTDA)(H2O)]2–做比較可發現，將中間的羧酸基(carboxyl group)取代成半乳喃醣官能基(galactopyranose group)，分子量增加故其值增加。將加入及未加入酵素反應之釓金屬錯合物分別利用磁振造影掃描得到影像，由影像得知未加入酵素前，影像是較暗的，而與酵素反應的影像明顯信號強度增強，二者有顯著的對比，信號強度增加82.35%。由此磁振造影之影像更可證明[Gd(TTDA-β-GP)]-為具有生物活性或酵素可切割的磁振造影對比劑。

The kinetic stability of [Gd(TTDA-β-GP)]– chelate containing phosphate buffer and ZnCl2 in the presence and absence of β-gal was studied by transmetallation with Zn(II). The stability toward Zn2+ transmetallation of [Gd(TTDA-β-GP)]–in the presence and absence of β-gal is less than that of [Gd(DTPA)]2– but is significantly higher kinetically stable than that of [Gd(DTPA-BMA)]. The number of inner-sphere water of [Gd(TTDA-β-GP)]–in the presence and absence ofβ-galactosidase was obtained, through the Dy(III)-Induced 17O water NMR shifts experiments. The number of inner sphere water molecule was significantly decreased (about 33%) in the presence ofβ-gal. The effect of the presence of β-gal cleavage the galactopyranose group from the [Gd(TTDA-β-GP)]–chelate on the spin-lattice relaxation time (T1) was assessed by 400 MHz NMR spectroscopy. The 17O NMR relaxation rates and angular frequencies of the Gd(III) complex solutions, 1/T1and 1/T2 of the acidified water reference, 1/T1A and 1/T2A were measured at 9.4 T. The accurate estimation of values for [Gd(TTDA-β-GP)(H2O)0.8]–, [Gd(TTDA-HE)(H2O)1.2]– and [Gd(TTDA)(H2O)]– are 125*10^6, 32.2*10^6 and 146*10^6 s-1, respectively. The values of [Gd(TTDA-β-GP)(H2O)0.8]–is significantly higher than those of [Gd(TTDA-HE)(H2O)1.2]�{ and [Gd(DTPA)]2–but lower than that of [Gd(TTDA)(H2O)]2–. The �豩 value of [Gd(TTDA-HE)(H2O)1.2]–is similar to that of [Gd(TTDA)(H2O)]2– and is significantly lower than that of [Gd(TTDA-β-GP)(H2O)0.8]–. From the higher values for [Gd(TTDA-β-GP)(H2O)0.8]–compared to [Gd(TTDA)(H2O)]2– and [Gd(TTDA-HE)(H2O)1.2]–indicate that the replacement of the middle carboxylate group by a galactopyranose group increases the value. The MR imagings of [Gd(TTDA-β-GP)]– solutions placed in 5 mm NMR tube in the presence and absence of β-gal. The enhancement results of enzymatic cleavage of [Gd(TTDA-β-GP)]– indicated that the enhancement (82.35%) was significantly higher than before the galactopyranose residue removed.

目 錄
圖目錄………………………………………………. ii
表目錄………………………………………………. v
中文摘要……………………………………………. vi
英文摘要……………………………………………. vii
一、 前言……………………………………………. 1
二、 儀器及試藥……………………………………. 28
三、 實驗方法………………………………………. 33
四、 結果與討論……………………………………. 52
五、 結論……………………………………………. 68
六、 參考文獻………………………………………. 69

參考文獻
1.H. Gries, H. Miklautz, Physiol. Chem. Phys. Med. NMR 1984, 16, 105.
2.H. J. Weinmann, R. C. Brasch, W. R. Press and G. E. Wesbey, Am. J. Roentg. 1984, 142, 619.
3.G. Vittadin, E. Felder, P. Tirone and V. B. Lorusso, Invest. Radiol. 1988, 23, 246.
4.R. B. Lauffer, W. F. Grief, D. D. Stark, A. C. Vincent, S. Saini, V. J. Wedden and T. J. Brady, J. Comput. Assist. Tomogra. 1985, 9, 431.
5.K. Micskei, L. Helm, E. Brucher and A. E. Merbach, Inorg. Chem. 1993, 32, 3844.
6.S. Laurent, L. V. Elst, S. Houzé, N. Guérit and R. N. Muller, Helv. Chim. Acta 2000, 83, 394.
7.P. Pavone, G. Patrizio and C. Buoni, Radiology 1990, 176, 61.
8.M. Magerstadt, O. A. Gansow and M. W. Brechbiol, Magn. Reson. Med. 1986, 3, 808.
9.N. Graeppi, D. H. Powell, G. Laurenczy, L. Zékány and A. E. Merbach, Inorg. Chim. Acta 1994, 235, 311.
10.P. Pavone, G. Patrizio and C. Buoni, Radiology 1990, 176, 61.
11.L.Ehnebom and B. Fjaertoft Pedersen, Acta Chem. Scand 1992, 46, 126.
12.F. Uggeri, S. Aime, P. L. Anelli, M. Botta, M. Brocchetta, C. de Haën, G. Ermondi, M. Grondi and P. Paoli, Inorg. Chem. 1995, 34, 633.
13.L. Vander Elst, F. Chapelle, S. Laurent, R and N. Muller, J. Biol. Inorg. Chem. 2001, 6, 196.
14.E. N. Rizkalla and R. C. Gregory, Inorg. Chem. 1993, 32, 582.
15.Y. M. Wang, C. H. Lee, G. C. Liu and R. S. Sheu, J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans. 1998, 4113
16.P. Caravan, C. Comuzzi, W. Crooks, T. J. McMurry, G. R. Choppin, S and R. Woulfe, Inorg. Chem. 2001, 40, 2170.
17.F. Me, P. L Uggeri, S. Ai. Anelli, M. Botta, M. Brocchetta, C. de Haën, G. Ermondi, M. Grondi and P. Paoli, Inorg. Chem. 1995, 34, 633.
18.J. Platzek, P. Blaszkiewicz, H. Gries, P. Luger, G. Michl, A. Müller-Fahrnow, B. Radüchel and D. Sülzle Inorg. Chem. 1997, 36, 6086.
19.C. F. G. C. Geraldes, A. M. Urbano, M. C. Alpoim, A. D. Sherry, K. –T. Kuan, R. Rajagopalan, F. Maton, R and N. Muller Magn. Reson. Imag. 1995, 13, 401
20.Y. M. Wang, Y. J. Wang, R. S. Sheu, G. C. Liu, W. C. Lin and J. H. Liao, Polyhedron 1999, 18, 1147.
21.S Aime, A.Barge, M. Botta, D. Parker, and De Sousa, A. S., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 4767
22.F. Uggeri, S. Aime, P. L. Anelli, M. Botta, M. Brocchetta, C. Haën, G.Ermondi,; M. Grandi and P. Paoli, Inorg. Chem. 1995, 34, 633
23.H. S. Willich, M. Brehm, C. L. J. Ewers, G. Michel, A. M. Fahrnow, O. Petrov, J. Platzek, B. Radüchel and D. Sülzle, Inorg. Chem. 1999, 38, 1134.
24.M. C. Alpoim, A. M. Urbano, C. F. G. C. Geraldes and J. A. Peter, J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans., 1992, 463.
25.T. H. Cheng, T. M. Lee, M. H. Ou, C. R. Li, G. C. Liu and T. M. Wang , Helv. Chim. Acta 2002, 85, 1033.
26.J. S. Hsu, T.S. Jaw, G. C. Liu, Y. M. Wang, S. H. Chen, Y. T. Kuo, J. C. Jao and C. W. Li, JMRI, 2004.(in press)
27.蔡素卿碩士論文，”DIHB-TTDA及TTDA-BOM配位子及其金屬
錯合物之合成及物化性探討”，高雄醫學大學化學研究所，高雄，
台灣，2003.
28.C.A. Chang, Invest. Radiol. 1993, 28, S21.
29.K. Adzamli, E. Tóth, M. P.Periasamy, S. H. Koenig, A. E.Merbach and M. D. Adams, Magn. Reson. Mater. Phys., Biol. Med. 1999, 8, 163.
30.É. Tóth, F. Connac, L. Helm, K. Adzamli and A. E. Merbach, J. Biol. Inorg. Chem. 1998, 3, 606.
31.S. Aime, M. Botta, S. G. Crich, G. Giovenzana, R. Pagliarin, M. Piccinini, M. Sisti, and E. Terreno, J. Biol. Inorg. Chem. 1997, 2, 470.
32.G. R. Choppin, P. A. Baisden and S. A. Khan, Inorg. Chem. 1979, 18, 1330.
33.S. Aime, S. G. Crich, E. Gianolio, E. Terreno, A. Beltrami and F. Uggeri, Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. 1998, 1283.
34.J. Carvalho, A. D. J Watson, J. D. J Fellmann and M. D. J Koo, Macrocyclic polyaza dichelates linked through ring nitrogens via an amide or ester functionality. United States Patent 5650133.
35.X. Zhang, C. Allen Chang, G. Harry Brittain, Mark Garrison, Joshua Tesler and Michael F. Tweedle, Inorg. Chem.1992, 31, 5597.
36.P. Caravan, C. Comuzzi, W. Crooks, T. J. McMurry, G. R. Choppin and S. R. Woulfe, Inorg. Chem. 2001, 40, 2170.
37.李嘉茹碩士論文，” TTDA醯胺衍生物配位子及其金屬錯合物之合
成、熱力學及特性研究”，高雄醫學大學化學研究所，高雄，台灣，
2003.
38. S. Laus, R. Ruloff, E. Toth and A. E. Merbach, Chem. Eur. J. 2003, 9,
3555.
39. S. Laurent, F. Botteman, L. V. Elst and R. N. Muller, Helv. Chem. Acta. 2004, 87, 1077.
40. M. Botta, Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. 2000, 399.
41. J. Reuben, J. Phys. Chem. 1971, 75, 3164.
42. A. L. Nivorozhkin, A. F. Kolodziej, P. Caravan, M. T.Greenfield,
R. B. Lauffer and T. J. McMurry, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2001, 15, 2903.
43. S. Aime, W. Dastru, S. G.. Crich, E. Gianolio and V. Mainero,
Biopolymers, 2002, 66, 419.
44. S. Aime, E. Gianolio and E. Terreno. J. Biol. Inorg. Chem. 2000, 5, 488.
45. D. A. Sipkins, D. A. Cheresh, M. R. Kazemi, L. M. Levin, M. D.
Bednarski and K. C. P. Li, Nat Med 1998, 4, 623-626
46. S. Laurent, L. V. Elst, F. Copoix and R. N. Muller, Invest. Radiol. 2001, 36, 115.
47.T. Kowall, F. Foglia, L. Helm and A. E. Merbach, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 3790.
48.C. Cossy, L. Helm, D. H. Powell and A. E. Merbach, New J. Chem. 1995, 19, 27.
49. C. Cossy, A. C. Barnes, J. E. Enderby and A. E. Merbach, New J. Chem. Phys. 1989, 90, 3254.
50. R. A. Moats, S. E. Fraser and T. J. Meade, Angew. Chem. Int. Engl. 1997, 36, 726.
51. D. H.Powell, O. M. Ni Dhubhghaill, D.Pubanz, L.Helm, Y. S.
Lebedev, W Schlaepfer and A. E. Merbach, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 9333.
52. T. K. Hitchens, R. G. Digilio, E. Gianolio and E. Terreno, J. Biol. Inorg. Chem. 1999, 4, 766.