臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本論文之研究目的係探討返馳式開關電源之控制問題，開關電源響應須符合下列準則：(1)無穩態誤差 (2)良好且快速的動態響應 (3)在參數不確定如負載電阻變化及外界擾動如輸入電源變動的情況下仍具有性能及穩定度的強健性。首先設計返馳式開關電源的電路參數與元件規格，接著在IsSpice模擬軟體中建立其電路模型，之後以實體電路來驗證確實符合設計所要求的規格。接著提出滑動模態控制器返馳式開關電源之設計技術，模擬結果所得到的系統響應表現出良好的強健性，但是系統會有高頻抖動的現象，為了解決此一缺點，提出返馳式開關電源之類神經滑動模態控制器設計，最後經由模擬的結果來驗證所提出類神經滑動模態控制器之有效性。

This paper focuses on controlling of fly-back switching mode power converter. The response should meet three criteria: (1) zero steady state error (2) efficient dynamic responses (3) excellent performance and stability in terms of robustness toward parameters variations, external perturbations, which are both input voltage and load variations of the converter. Firstly we design circuit parameter and component specification of converter before constructing the circuit model in IsSpice simulation software, subsequent to the design specification verified by hardware circuit. After we propose a designed method of the converter using sliding mode controller, simulated results show the effective robustness of system response; however, the system response has chattering phenomenon. To solve this problem, we propose a designed method of the converter using neuron sliding mode controller. Finally, the performance of the neuron sliding mode controller is verified by simulated results.

中文摘要 i
英文摘要 ii
誌謝 iii
目錄 iv
表目錄 vi
圖目錄 vii
第一章 緒論 1
1.1研究動機和目的 1
1.2本論文之貢獻 1
1.3本論文組織架構 2
第二章 返馳式開關電源 3
2.1返馳式開關電源之電路分析 3
2.2返馳式開關電源考慮寄生元件之磁化電感及電容設計 9
2.3返馳式開關電源之變壓器設計 12
2.3.1返馳式開關電源之電路特性與規格 12
2.3.2應用Magnetics Designer設計返馳式開關電源之變壓器 15
2.4 IsSpice電路模擬結果與分析 16
2.5返馳式開關電源之電路實作 21
第三章 滑動模態控制器 26
3.1可變結構控制簡介 26
3.2滑動模態控制之基本原理 26
3.3滑動模態控制器設計 27
3.3.1順滑平面方程式的設計 28
3.3.2到達並產生滑動模態的條件 29
3.3.3系統的穩定性 31
3.3.4滑動模態控制器設計步驟 33
3.4返馳式開關電源之滑動模態控制器 34
3.4.1返馳式開關電源之數學模型與滑動模態控制器設計 34
3.4.2 MATLAB/SIMULINK模擬結果 37
3.4.3 IsSpice模擬結果 49
第四章 類神經滑動模態控制器 56
4.1類神經網路簡介 56
4.2類神經網路的原理 56
4.3自適應神經元 59
4.4返馳式開關電源之類神經滑動模態控制器 61
4.4.1類神經滑動模態控制器之系統架構 61
4.4.2 MATLAB/SIMULINK模擬結果 63
第五章 結論 72
參考文獻 73

[1] G. Escobar, R. Ortega, S. R. Hebertt, J. P. Vilain and I. Zein, “An experimental comparison of several nonlinear controllers for power converters,” IEEE Contr. Syst. Magazine, vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 66-82, Feb. 1999.
[2] Lam, H. K., Lee, T. H., Leung, F. H. F. and Tam, P.K.S. “Fuzzy Control of Dc-Dc Switching Converters: Stability and Robustness”, in Proc. 27th IEEE Conf. Indust. Electr., vol. 2, Nov. 29, pp. 899-902, Dec. 2, 2001.
[3] Raviraj, V. S. C. and Sen, P. C. “Comparative Study of Proportional-Integral, Sliding Mode, and Fuzzy Logic Controllers for Power Converters”, in Proc. IEEE Trans. Indust. Applica., vol.33, no. 2, pp. 518-524, Mar.-Apr.1997.
[4] E. V. Idiarte, L. M. Salamero, F. Guinjoan, J. Calvente and S. Gomariz, “Sliding and fuzzy control of a boost converter using an 8-bit microcontroller,” in Proc. IEE Electr. Power Applica., vol. 151, no. 1, pp. 5-11, Jan. 2004.
[5] S. R. Hebertt, O. Romeo, P. M. Rafael and G. E. Mauricio, “A sliding mode controller-observer for DC-to-DC power converters: a passivity approach,” in Proc. 34th IEEE Conf. Decision Contr., vol. 4, pp. 3379-3384, Dec. 13-15, 1995.
[6] G. Spiazzi, P. Mattavelli, L. Rossetto, “Sliding Mode Control of DC-DC Converters,” Congresso Brasileiro de Elettronica de Potencia (COBEP) , Belo Horizonte, pp. 59-68, Dec. 1997.
[7] G. Spiazzi, P. Mattavelli, L. Rossetto, L. Malesani, “Application of Sliding Mode Control to Switch-Mode Power Supplies,” Journal Circuits Syst. Comput., vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 337-354, Sep. 1995.
[8] C. Morel, “Slide mode control via current mode control in DC-DC converters,” IEEE Int. Conf. Syst. Man Cybern., vol.5, pp. 600-605, Oct. 6-9, 2002.
[9] D. Cortes and J. Alvarez, “ Robust sliding mode control for the boost converter,” in Proc. 8th IEEE Int. Power Electr., pp. 208-212, Oct. 20-24, 2002.
[10] R. Giral, L. Martinez, J. Hernanz, J. Calvente, F. Guinjoan, A. Poveda and R. Leyva, “Compensating networks for sliding-mode control,” IEEE Int. Symp. Circuits Syst., vol. 3, Apr. 28, pp. 2055-2058, May. 3, 1995.
[11] A. Insleay and G. Joos, “ A neural network based approach to the regulation of DC/DC buck converters,” Canadian Conf. Electr. Comput., vol. 1, pp. 214-217, Sep. 14-17, 1993.
[12] J. M. Carrasco, J. M. Quero and L. G. Franquelo, “ Multi-input variable structure controller for electronic power converters implemented by neural network techniques,” IEEE 26th Ann. Conf. Power Electr., vol. 2, pp. 1346-1351, Jun. 18-22, 1995.
[13] J. M. Carrasco, J. M. Quero, F. P. Ridao, M. A. Perales and L. G. Franquelo, “An experimental neural controller implementing a VSC for a DC/DC PWM converter with power factor corrector,” IEEE 27th Ann. Conf. Power Electr., vol. 2, pp. 1488-1493, Jun. 23-27, 1996.
[14] J. M. Carrasco, J. M. Quero, F. P. Ridao, M. A. Perales and L. G. Franquelo, “Sliding mode control of a DC/DC PWM converter with PFC implemented by neural networks,” IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst., vol. 44, no. 8, pp. 743-749, Aug. 1997.
[15] J. Mahdavi, M. R. Nasiri and A. Agah, “Application of neural networks and state space averaging to a DC/DC PWM converter in sliding mode operation,” IEEE 26th Ann. Conf. Indust. Electr., vol. 1, pp. 172-177, Oct. 22-28, 2000.
[16] M. Ahmed, M. Kuisma, K. Tolsa and P. Silventoinen, “Implementing sliding mode control for buck converter,” IEEE 34th Ann. Conf. Power Electr., vol. 2, pp. 634-637, Jun. 15-19, 2003.
[17] D. W. Hart, Introduction to Power Electronics, Prentice-Hall International, Inc., New Jersey, 1997.
[18] M. K. Kazimierczuk and S. T. Nguyen, “Small-signal analysis of open-loop PWM flyback dc-dc converter for CCM,” in Proc. IEEE Conf. Aerospace Electr., vol. 1, pp. 69-76, May. 22-26, 1995.
[19] 鄭健隆、陳席卿、施宏輝、張旭鋒、陳彥竹、徐乾尊、夏毅峰，『馳返式轉換器變壓器之雜散電容效應研究』，2003第二屆台灣電力電子研討會。
[20] http://www.chochieh.com.tw/index_ch.htm
[21] U. Itkis, Control Systems of Variable Structure, New York: John Wieky, 1976.
[22] K. D. Young, V. I. Utkin and U. Ozguner, “A control engineer''s guide to sliding mode control,” IEEE Trans. Contr. Syst., vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 328-342, may 1999.
[23] V. Utkin, “ Variable structure systems with sliding modes,” IEEE Trans. Automat. Contr , vol. 22, no. 2, pp. 212-222, Apr. 1977.
[24] 陳浚敏，開關式直流電源轉換器應用順滑模態控制，碩士論文，國立交通大學， (1999)。
[25] Y. P. Chen, J. L. Chang and K. M. Lai, “Stability analysis and bang-bang sliding control of a class of single-input bilinear systems,” IEEE Trans. Automat. Contr., vol. 45, no. 11, pp. 2150-2154, Nov. 2000.
[26] 業怡成，類神經網路模式應用與實作，儒林圖書有限公司，2003。
[27] W. D. Chang, R. C. Hwang and J. G. Hsieh, “Application of an auto-tuning neuron to sliding mode control,” IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern., vol. 32, no. 4, pp. 517-522, Nov. 2002.