本實驗係研究錫鋅系無鉛銲錫合金與金屬化銅基材之界面反應與接合行為；並探討錫鋅系合金之顯微組織與熱性質。利用潤濕天平試驗分析錫鋅系銲錫與不同基材間之潤濕性與界面反應；在重流製程後，利用剪力強度測試了解錫鋅系合金與BGA基板之接合行為並觀察其界面反應。所探討之錫鋅系銲錫合金為Sn-8.55Zn-0.5Ag-0.1Al-0.5Ga和Sn-9Zn；使用之金屬化銅基材為Cu/Ni-P、Cu/Ni-P/Au、Cu/Au與BGA(Cu/Ni/Au)基板。
　　Sn-9Zn共晶組織為針狀富鋅相與β-Sn基地相共存之結構，而 Sn-8.55Zn-0.5Ag-0.1Al-0.5Ga銲錫中除了富鋅相與錫基地兩相共存外，還有銀鋅化合物的析出。Sn-8.55Zn-0.5Ag-0.1Al-0.5Ga銲錫之熔點為196.4℃.
　　由潤濕天平試驗結果可知，錫鋅系銲錫合金易氧化而使得基材上之披覆層粗糙不光滑。在Sn-8.55Zn-0.5Ag-0.1Al-0.5Ga與Cu/Ni-P/Au、Cu/Au基板系統中，浸鍍溫度達250℃以上時才具有較佳之可銲錫性；但是其潤濕時間皆大於1秒，可知Sn-8.55Zn-0.5Ag-0.1Al0.5Ga合金與金鍍層之可銲錫性有待提升。
　　Sn-8.55Zn-0.5Ag-0.1Al-0.5Ga銲錫與Cu/Ni-P/Au基板於250℃進行潤濕試驗，在界面生成AuZn3和Al2Au金屬間化合物，於150℃時效處理1000小時後界面化合物(Au.Ag)Zn3、AuZnX和Al2Au金屬間化合物，而Ni-P鍍層不參與界面反應。但Sn-8.55Zn-0.5Ag-0.1Al-0.5Ga銲錫與Cu/Au基板於250℃潤濕反應後，由界面分析結果得知，除了Au-Al-Zn反應層外，靠近銅基材處有Cu5Zn8化合物，顯示仍須有Ni-P鍍層以做為有效之擴散障礙層。
　　經由剪力測試結果得知，Sn-9Zn銲錫球與BGA基板間之接合強度較Sn-8.55Zn-0.5Ag-0.1Al-0.5Ga銲錫系統之接合強度大；而隨著時效時間增加剪力強度逐漸下降，破斷面均於銲錫球內。
　　由於重流製程與潤濕天平試驗之反應條件不同，Sn-8.55Zn-0.5Ag-0.1Al-0.5Ga銲錫與BGA基板經250℃重流製程後，由界面反應分析得知，鋁元素不參與界面反應於界面生成Au-Zn與Ag-Zn化合物層；而經150℃長時間時效後，由於元素之互相擴(Interdiffusion)在銲錫球內之區域有Ag-Zn-Au與Au-Zn化合物層，而在靠近基板處有Au-Zn與Zn-Ni化合物層生成。

　　This research is investigated the interfacial reaction and adhesive behavior between Sn-Zn based solders and metallized Cu substrates. The microstructure and thermal property of Sn-Zn based solders were also studied. The wettability between Sn-Zn based solders and different substrates were investigated with the wetting balance. The adhesive strength between Pb-free solder balls and BGA substrate after reflow process was measured by shear test. The interfacial reaction behavior after dipping and reflow process was investigated by SEM and EPMA.
　　The microstructure of Sn-9Zn alloy consists of ß-Sn matrix and Zn-rich phase. As for Sn-8.55Zn-0.5Ag-0.1Al-0.5Ga alloy, besides the coexistence of ß-Sn matrix and Zn-rich phase, Ag-Zn compound precipitates within the solder matrix. The melting point of Sn-8.55Zn-0.5Ag-0.1Al-0.5Ga alloy was found to be 196.4 ℃.
　　The result of solderability test reveals that the deposition of Sn-Zn based solder on metallized Cu substrate was rough and dull in luster. Sn-8.55Zn-0.5Ag-0.1Al-0.5Ga solder exhibits adequate wettability with the Cu/Ni-P/Au specimen above 250℃. The wetting time is more than 1 sec. Accordingly, the solderability between Sn-8.55Zn-0.5Ag-0.1Al-0.5Ga solder and Au deposited layer needs to be further improved.
　　AuZn3 and Al2Au intermetallic compound(IMC) formed at the interface of Sn-8.55Zn-0.5Ag-0.1Al-0.5Ga solder and Cu/Ni-P/Au after dipping process. After thermal aging, the AuZnx, Al2Au and (Ag.Au)Zn3 formed at the interface. The Ni-P layer does notreact with other element to form IMC.
　　According to the interfacial analysis on the interface between Sn-8.55Zn-0.5Ag-0.1Al-0.5Ga solder and Cu/Au substrate, Al-Au-Zn IMC layer and Cu5Zn8 compound formed at the interface.
　　The shear test data reveals that the adhesive strength of Sn-9Zn solder is higher than that of Sn-8.55Zn-0.5Ag-0.1Al-0.5Ga solder after reflow and longtime thermal aging. The shear strength decreased with increasing aging time. The fracture occurred within the solder balls.
　　In the reflow process, Ag-Zn and Au-Zn compound formed at the interface between Sn-8.55Zn-0.5Ag-0.1Al-0.5Ga solder and BGA substrate. After aged at 150℃ for 1000 hours, Ag-Al-Au and Au-Zn compound formed within solder matrix while Au-Zn and Ni-Zn formed at the substrate side. Al does not react with other element to form IMC.

總目錄

中文摘要…………………………………………………………………I
英文摘要………………………………………………………………III
總目錄……………………………………………………………………V
表目錄………………………………………………………………VIII
圖目錄……………………………………………………………………IX
第壹章 簡介 ………………………………………………………1
1-1電子構裝技術與銲錫材料…………………………………………1
1-2銲錫材料性質比較…………………………………………………2
1-3銲錫墊材料…………………………………………………………9
1-3-1 無電鍍鎳………………………………………………………11
1-4 潤濕現象…………………………………………………………12
1-4-1 助熔劑…………………………………………………………13
1-4-2 潤濕天平之原理與應用………………………………………14
1-5研究目的 …………………………………………………………17
第貳章 實驗方法與步驟…………………………………………18
2-1 實驗構想…………………………………………………………18
2-2合金基本性質分析…………………………………………………18
2-2-1銲錫合金之配製…………………………………………………18
2-2-1-1 91Sn-9Zn 合金之配製………………………………………18
2-2-1-2 Sn-Zn-Ag-Al-Ga 合金之配製………………………………18
2-2-2合金顯微組織觀察………………………………………………18
2-2-3 熔點量測…………………………………………………………22
2-3 基材的製備 ………………………………………………………22
2-3-1無電鍍鎳鍍層之製作……………………………………………22
2-3-2 無電鍍金鍍層之製作…………………………………………22
2-4 可銲錫性量測……………………………………………………26
2-4-1 基材前處理……………………………………………………26
2-4-2 潤濕天平實驗…………………………………………………26
2-4-3 界面金屬間化合物之觀察與分析……………………………28
2-4-3-1界面金屬間化合物之成份分析………………………………28
2-4-3-2 界面金屬間化合物之表面形態分佈………………………28
2-5 高溫時效處理……………………………………………………28
2-5-1 界面金屬間化合物之分析……………………………………30
2-6 無鉛銲錫球之製作………………………………………………30
2-7 重流………………………………………………………………30
2-8 分析與測試………………………………………………………30
2-8-1界面金屬間化合物之觀察與分.析……………………………30
2-8-1-1經重流後之界面觀察…………………………………………34
2-8-1-2經高溫時效處理後之界面觀察………………………………34
2-8-2 剪力強度之測試 ………………………………………………34
第參章 結果與討論……………………………………………………36
3-1 錫鋅銲錫合金顯微組織觀察與分析 ……………………………36
3-2 錫鋅銲錫合金之熱分析…………………………………………36
3-3 錫鋅系合金之可銲錫性…………………………………………36
3-3-1 浸鍍之銲錫外觀………………………………………………36
3-3-2 不同銲錫與基材可銲錫性之比較……………………………39
3-3-3 錫鋅銀鋁鎵銲錫合金與不同析鍍層之潤濕性比較…………43
3-3-3-1 錫鋅銀鋁鎵銲錫合金與Cu/Ni-P 和Cu/Ni-P/Au基材
反應之比較……………………………………………………………43
3-3-3-2 錫鋅銀鋁鎵銲錫與Cu/Ni-P/Au 和Cu/Au基材反應
之比較…………………………………………………………………46
3-4 錫鋅銀鋁鎵銲錫合金與不同析鍍層之界面反應觀察與分析…50
3-4-1錫鋅銀鋁鎵銲錫合金與Cu/Ni-P/Au基材間界面反應-
潤濕反應………………………………………………………………50
3-4-2錫鋅銀鋁鎵銲錫合金與Au線之界面反應………………………63
3-4-3 錫鋅銀鋁鎵銲錫合金與Cu/Ni-P/Au基板間界面反應-
時效處理………………………………………………………………68
3-4-4 界面金屬間化合物之形態……………………………………71
3-4-5錫鋅銀鋁鎵銲錫合金與Cu/Au基材間界面反應………………71
3-5 銲錫球與BGA 基板反應之觀察…………………………………77
3-5-1重流與時效處理後剪力強度試驗…..…………………………77
3-5-2銲錫合金與基板經重流後之界面觀察與分析…………………82
3-5-3銲錫合金與基板經時效處理後之界面觀察與分析……………87
第肆章 結論……………………………………………………………93
參考文獻………………………………………………………………94
致謝……………………………………………………………………103
自述……………………………………………………………………104

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