臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

　　本文主要的研究目標是利用逆向工程的技術來辨識模具表面點群之曲面特徵，重建模具表面的曲面資料結構。研究的內容包括了點雷射深度量測之路徑規劃，曲面的區域分割，曲面的辨識以及曲面的重建。利用影像編碼技術，空間點群座標料可以轉換成影像資料格式，利用影像的邊界搜尋、區域分割、迴路追跡與迴路分割，各個區域曲面與邊界上的點群資料就可以被擷取出來。根據曲面上兩筆特徵截痕點群的曲線擬合結果，各個區域曲面可以被辨識為平面、旋轉面或者是自由曲面這三種曲面類型。曲面的重建分為平面、旋轉面、自由曲面與垂直壁面四種，因為垂直壁面在編碼影像上僅為一段邊界，並不構成一個區域，所以垂直壁面的辨識必須根據與邊界相鄰的兩個曲面其空間中的關係來作判斷，並且垂直壁面的重建也是要利用相鄰曲面邊界重建的結果來進行。

　　This paper uses the image process and computational geometry techniques to recognize the geometrical features of a mold surface and reconstruct its 3D model. The geometric reverse engineering processes include path planning for depth measurement system, point cloud segmentation, surface recognition and reconstruction. By employing the image encoding skill, the point cloud is transformed into a range image format. The point cloud in each individual surface and the corresponding edges are obtained by using boundary search, image segmentation, loop tracing and loop segmentation. The surface is recognized by curve fitting of two sectional depth data through the major axes of the surface loop. And then the surface can be recognized according to the recognized curves. The surface reconstruction is sorted as plane, surface of revolution, freeform surface, and wall surface. The wall surface is only a segment of a boundary loop in the range image. Its existence must be examined by the gap of the two neighbor surfaces. Consequently, the wall surface reconstruction is base on the geometric reasoning from the intersection conditions of the two neighbor surfaces.

摘要............................................I
ABSTRACT.......................................II
誌謝..........................................III
目錄...........................................IV
圖目錄........................................VII
表目錄.........................................XI
第一章 序論.....................................1
1.1 研究動機與目的..............................1
1.2 文獻回顧....................................2
1.3 論文綱要....................................4
第二章 量測系統.................................5
2.1 點雷射深度量測系統..........................5
2.2 深度量測之路徑規劃..........................8
2.2.1 連續線段之量測............................8
2.2.2 圓弧之量測...............................10
2.2.3 圓周之量測...............................12
2.2.4 封閉曲線之量測...........................12
2.2.5 凸多邊形區域之量測.......................15
2.2.6 圓形區域之量測...........................20
2.2.7 封閉迴路區域之量測.......................21
第三章 影像編碼與區域分割......................23
3.1 點資料定位與融合...........................23
3.2 影像編碼...................................26
3.3 影像邊界搜尋...............................27
3.4 影像區域分割與迴路追跡.....................30
3.4.1 區域成長法...............................31
3.4.2 區域截痕計算.............................32
3.4.3 區域迴路追跡.............................32
3.5 影像迴路分割...............................33
3.6 影像資料結構...............................41
第四章 線擬合與辨識............................42
4.1 曲線擬合...................................42
4.1.1 直線擬合.................................43
4.1.2 圓弧擬合.................................43
4.1.3 二次曲線擬合.............................44
4.1.4 橢圓與雙曲線擬合.........................46
4.1.5 自由曲線擬合.............................50
4.1.5.1 B-spline 曲線數學模型..................50
4.1.5.2 B-spline 曲線擬合......................52
4.2 曲線資料結構...............................57
4.2.1 直線資料結構.............................57
4.2.2 圓弧資料結構.............................59
4.2.3 二次曲線資料結構.........................60
4.2.4 B-spline 曲線資料結構....................60
4.3 截痕曲線之辨識.............................61
4.4 曲線副法線向量之計算.......................62
4.4.1 曲線點群之處理...........................62
4.4.2 空間曲線之副法線向量計算.................64
4.5 焊道之應用.................................65
4.5.1 焊道點資料二維處理.......................66
4.5.2 焊道副法線向量之計算.....................70
4.5.3 焊槍方向之調整...........................72
第五章 曲面辨識與重建..........................74
5.1 曲面辨識...................................75
5.2 曲面資料結構...............................77
5.2.1 平面資料結構.............................77
5.2.2 旋轉面資料結構...........................78
5.3 平面重建...................................79
5.4 旋轉面重建.................................87
5.5 垂直壁面重建...............................91
第六章 結論與建議..............................93
6.1 研究成果...................................93
6.2 討論與建議.................................94
參考文獻.......................................98
自述..........................................102

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