臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

摘要
近年來，數位多媒體產業的發達和網際網路的流行，使得數位多媒體非常容
易被散播拷貝，同時數位影像也很容易被人利用影像處理軟體進行竄改。經過竄
改的影像在網路上散播常造成許多當事人的困擾，也使影像的真實性備受質疑。
有鑑於此，為了防止影像被惡意的竄改，我們提出了一個植基於離散小波轉換之
影像竄改驗證與回復技術。
我們利用JPEG-2000 中的ROI 觀念，把影像定出ROI 區域和ROB 區域，再經
由離散小波轉換將影像由空間域轉換到頻率域，取出其低頻的ROI 係數做為特徵
值，然後再將它嵌入於中頻帶的ROB 區域。原始影像經過嵌入資料後仍然可以有
相當好的品質，肉眼無法察覺嵌入前與嵌入後的影像有何不同，嵌入的資料可以
用來偵測圖是否被竄改並回復原來的資訊。本篇所提的方法不但可以偵測被竄改
的位置更可以回復原有資訊而且不需要原圖，驗證過程既簡單又有效率，回復後
的影像品質也相當好。

Abstract
In recent years, products of digital multimedia information and the Internet
technology are more and more advanced and popular. Users may illegally copy the
digital multimedia information and tamper it with current image processing tools. The
tampered images spread through the Internet cause lots of troubles and make its
reality doubtful. Accordingly, to avoid being tampered with malice, we propose an
image tamper proofing and recovery technique based on DWT.
We use the concept of ROI in JPEG-2000 to categorize ROI and ROB
respectively. Then we transfer images from spatial domain to frequency domain by
DWT. The ROI coefficient of low frequency is extracted to be the characteristic value
and if can be embedded into the ROB of middle frequency. Embedded data can be
used to prove whether images are tampered or not and help to recover the original
information. The proposed methods in this thesis can not only detect where an image
is tampered but also recover the original data without the original image. Simulation
results demonstrate that the proposed techniques out perform the existing techniques.

Contents
致謝1
摘要2
Abstract3
List of Figures6
List of Tables7
Chapter 1 Introduction8
1.1 Motivation8
1.2 Thesis Organization9
Chapter 2 Background10
2.1 Steganography10
2.2 Overview of JPEG-200011
2.3Discrete Wavelet Transform13
2.3.1 Introduction to Wavelet Transform13
2.3.2 Haar Transform14
2.4 Overview of Permutation Function17
Chapter 3 The Proposed Technique of Image Tamper Recovery19
3.1 Basic Concept of Proposed Scheme19
3.2 The proposed Algorithm in Frequency Domain21
3.2.1 Embedding the Characteristics of ROI21
3.3 Tamper Detection and Recovery Algorithm24
3.3.1 Tamper Detection Algorithm in ROI24
3.3.2 Tamper Recovery Algorithm in ROI26
3.4 The Proposed Algorithm in Spatial Domain26
3.4.1 Embedding the Characteristics26
3.4.2 Tamper Detection Algorithm27
3.4.3 Tamper Recovery Algorithm28
Chapter 4 Simulation Results29
4.1 Standard Test Images30
4.2 Standard Images with Information Hiding31
4.2 Tamper Proofing and Recovery33
4.3 Comparison with Related Research Works40
Chapter 5 Conclusion45
References46

46
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