臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

台灣由於經濟的迅速發展，車輛數量持續的快速成長。雖然政府推廣智慧型運輸系統(Intelligent Transportation Systems ITS)企圖對都會運輸的交通尖峰獲得改善，但侷限交通建設發展的程度跟不上小客車持有率增加的速度，都市地區交通壅塞問題日益嚴重，因此如何解決都市交通問題之有效方法是大眾所關心重視的議題。
都市中的道路系統，大都以交叉路口(Intersection)為主體，號誌控制又是交叉路口時間與空間之交替重要控制關鍵點因此我們將先論述理論部份：派翠網(Petri Net)及排隊理論(Queueing Theory)，再配合交通工程手冊，推導出機動式交通號誌系統(Versatile Traffic Control System VTCS)，以替代尖峰壅塞(congestion)時段需動用許多交通警察維持秩序為目標。
VTCS架構中壅塞程度的判斷方式是以單車道Link長度三分之二容量之車輛數為基準，可能較不具彈性客觀。因此，本論文又提出智慧型機動式交通號誌控制系統(Intelligent Versatile Traffic Control System, IVTCS)，以解決此問題。IVTCS應用模糊理論(fuzzy theory)的概念，發展一組模糊決策針對VTCS的缺點進行改善。採用模糊推理系統(fuzzy inference system, FIS)的原因，在於交通號誌控制是一個無法用明確的數學式或模型表示複雜系統，模糊推論可以更接近人類的近似推理模式，對模糊不明的事實也可以進行判斷並做出最後的決策。本論文的各項模擬結果也證明VTCS較傳統固定時相的交通號誌控制策略有更佳的效能表現，同樣的也驗證IVTCS較VTCS有更佳的效能表現。

With the growth in Taiwan’s economy, the amount of vehicles increased year by year. Although the authorities pushed ahead with considerable public works in transportation, the boosting number of automobiles still heavily contributed to the traffic problem in urban area. For the purpose of utility in present communications to be efficient, most researcher focus on the phase control of intersections that mainly compose road system. This thesis proposed a Versatile Traffic Control System (VTCS) based on Petri Net and Queueing Theory instead of adopting stationary period to analyze instantaneous traffic flows. Under congestion, VTCS can automatically infer better strategy for all parameters of traffic signal control to improve the movement of single intersection.
The determination of traffic congestion in VTCS could be not objective by basing on the number of vehicle over two third of road capacity on single link. Therefore, for acquiring more objective conclusion we proposed IVTCS (Intelligent Versatile Traffic Control System). We know that the traffic is obviously a complex system, and it can’t be expressed as explicit mathematical equation or model. Hence, IVTCS adapts fuzzy theory and approaches the way of human being’s reasoning to making decision on uncertain conditions and improve the shortcoming of VTCS. Simulations on IVTCS and VTCS showed that in traffic control on intersection the former attain more efficient performance than the latter. So are compared with traditional stationary traffic control, we also got reasonable results to prove that adapting IVTCS is sensible than others.

致謝Ⅰ
中文摘要Ⅱ
英文摘要Ⅲ
目錄Ⅴ
圖目錄Ⅷ
表目錄Ⅹ
第一章緒論 1
1.1 研究動機 1
1.2 文獻回顧 3
1.2.1 交通號誌專業名詞簡介 3
1.2.2 交通號誌控制的論述 5
1.3 研究目的與課題 10
1.4 論文內容與架構 11
第二章論文理論基礎 14
2.1 排隊理論 14
2.1.1 排隊模型架構 14
2.1.2 排隊系統的執行 17
2.1.3 Little，s Law 19
2.1.4 排隊理論總結 21
2.2 派翠網 22
2.2.1 派翠網基本定義 22
2.2.2 動態的派翠網 24
2.2.3 派翠網應用實例 30
2.3 模糊系統 32
2.3.1 模糊集合之基本定義 33
2.3.2 模糊邏輯運算與模糊規則的分類38
2.3.3 模糊推論之架構與應用 41
第三章機動式交通號誌控制系統 46
3.1 機動式交通號誌控制架構 46
3.1.1 車種資料前處理 48
3.1.2 執行相位決定 51
3.1.3 執行時間決定 55
3.1.4 執行相位時間是否延長 57
3.1.5 是否產生左轉保護時相 57
3.1.6 轉換時相 58
3.2 固定時相與機動號誌控制比較 59
3.2.1 壅塞部份 64
3.2.2 不壅塞部份 66
3.3本章結論 68
第四章 智慧型交通號誌控制系統 69
4.1 以模糊理論控制交通號誌 69
4.1.1 執行時間決定方塊圖(Time)71
4.1.2 執行相位延長決定方塊圖(Extension)72
4.1.3 下一相位方塊圖(Next phase)74
4.1.4 決定轉態方塊圖(Decision)75
4.2 機動策略與模糊策略做比較76
4.2.1 壅塞部份 76
4.2.2 不壅塞部份 78
4.3本章結論 79
第五章結論及建議 80
5.1 結論 80
5.2 未來研究方向與建議 81
參考文獻 82
作者簡歷 85

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