臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本文最主要的目的，在於彌補施特勞斯思想及相關研究中，關於歷史主義（尤其是十八、十九世紀）理論的不足之處。
由於施特勞斯對於歷史主義的批判乃是緊扣著「現代性」為核心，於是本文特別反其道而行，先綜觀十八、十九世紀歷史主義的發展歷程，再從歷史主義理論出發，探究歷史主義的內在缺口，進而以此呼應施特勞斯對歷史主義的現代性批判。
本文主要的內容可以分成兩個部分：第一部分從歷史主義的理論自身出發：先回顧歷史主義的起源，梳理歷史主義從十八世紀開始一直到十九世紀末的發展歷程，並界定出關於歷史主義的主要特徵與定義。
其後，本文並更進一步地探究歷史主義的幾種危機，包括歷史自證危機、因為邏輯謬誤而引起的理論危機、價值危機以及神學危機；同時討論歷史主義思想家如何回應如此諸多危機。
第二部分則回到施特勞斯：先討論施特勞斯對歷史主義的批判，闡述施特勞斯對於歷史主義如何通過學科專業化而成為當代顯學，歷史主義如何為實證主義的科學方法所迷惑，而實證主義又如何偽裝成歷史主義的面貌，並綜合整理散見於施特勞斯各種著作中對於歷史主義的明文批判。
其後，本文試圖探討施特勞斯獨特的政治哲學見解，分析施特勞斯何以單挑歷史主義來作稻草人，闡述施特勞斯對現代性的理解，並探究施特勞斯對於政治哲學獨特的使命觀。
最後，本文順著施特勞斯的思路，討論施特勞斯之所以反對歷史主義的真正理由與目的，闡述施特勞斯對於「哲學」的獨特界定與定義，並分析施特勞斯何以將化解歷史主義危機的出口設定在「古典」之上。
本文最主要的目的，正是希望能夠在前述這兩個部分中，找到足以呼應彼此的橋樑：首先，通過“獨力”（不預先閱讀施特勞斯）對歷史主義進行認識，並試圖分析出存在於歷史主義理論自身的可能危機。其次，直接進入施特勞斯的脈絡，以認識施特勞斯對於歷史主義的另類批判。最後，將第一部分結合第二部分，勾勒出某種既契合施特勞斯的批判，但又不在施特勞斯文本之中的某種呼應圖像；並以此作為某種背景知識，進一步理解施特勞斯獨特的政治哲學見解與使命觀。

摘要 i
謝誌 iii
目次 V
第壹章　緒論 1
第一節　施特勞斯其人 1
桃李滿美加 1
重視人文教育 3
嚮往哲學者 4
超越歷史主義 5
檢視現代性問題 5
回歸古典 7
第二節　研究動機、目的與主旨 8
打擊稻草人 8
本文主旨與結構 9
第貳章　當思想成為歷史──歷史主義的醞釀與發展 11
第一節　歷史主義之起源 11
字根與淵源 11
概念成形 13
第二節　歷史主義的醞釀與發展 14
人文主義為肇興 14
新科學 15
歷史學的牛頓 16
近代史學之父 17
第三節　歷史主義的特徵與定義 19
三種歷史主義 19
發展與個體性 20
作為一種世界觀 22
深刻的智識革命 23
第參章　所謂歷史主義危機──從啟蒙反動到歷史相對論 25
第一節　歷史主義的歷史危機 25
具意義的空間範圍 25
歷史自證危機 27
第二節　歷史主義的理論危機 29
意義性安在？ 29
邏輯謬誤 31
第三節　後啟蒙的價值危機 33
烏托邦概念的崩解 33
神學危機 35
繼承啟蒙精神 36
價值無序的煉獄 37
度量的內在判準 39
價值連續性與個別整體 40
歷史觀念與歷史意識 42
小結：歷史真是出路？ 43
第肆章　歷史主義的現代性危機──施特勞斯的政治哲學批判 45
第一節　歷史學科的勝出 45
學科角色的轉變 45
後期歷史主義的勝出 47
第二節　現代性危機 49
現代存在的完全狀態 49
“進步”的歷史主義 49
實證主義的偽裝 52
為當下而服務 53
第三節　對歷史主義的批判 55
後設方法論的混淆 55
歷史主義的錯批 57
善知識是改革的前提 58
真理最後勝出？ 59
多種思想體系間的無秩序 60
第伍章　作為出路的古典──施特勞斯的反歷史主義解答 63
第一節　哲學的使命 63
「研究歷史」的意義？ 63
政治哲學的必要性 64
意見與知識 66
政治哲學的使命 67
第二節　為何是前現代？ 69
現代性危機 69
現代性Ⅰ 70
現代性Ⅱ 71
現代性Ⅲ 73
現代性的虛無本質 75
當代割裂古典的元兇 76
回歸古代哲學 77
第三節　為何是哲學？ 78
思想史只有一種 78
哲學的意義 79
哲學的問題意識 80
透徹性與真理 82
哲學即政治 83
與市民共處 84
一切哲學都是政治哲學 85
第陸章　代結論──打擊稻草人的意外 87
歷史主義的昂揚與再興 87
無法迴避的內在危機 87
歷史主義的變調 88
現代性的虛無本質 89
打擊稻草人的意外 90
後記 VII
參考文獻 IX

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