參考資料
[1] “ Optics ” 作者Hecht p.462
[2] “Simplified Modeling of Optical Absorption and Nonlinear Index Change in Semiconductors” G. Zhao etc
[3] 潘冠錡,碩士論文,“量子干涉現象的時域分析” 清華大學物理系2003第二章 二能階系統
[4]“Experimental study of nonlinear focusing in a magneto-optical trap using a Z-scan technique” M. Saffman PRA 013801 2004 July
[5] A. E. Siegman, LASERS (University Scinece Books)