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研究生:石念祖
研究生(外文):SHIH Nien-Tsu
論文名稱:台灣海域帶魚之年齡成長及生殖生物學研究
論文名稱(外文):Age, Growth and Reproduction of Cutlassfishes, Trichiurus spp. in the Waters off Taiwan
指導教授:倪怡訓
指導教授(外文):NI I-Hsun
學位類別:碩士
校院名稱:國立臺灣海洋大學
系所名稱:環境生物與漁業科學學系
學門:農業科學學門
學類:漁業學類
論文種類:學術論文
論文出版年:2004
畢業學年度:92
語文別:中文
論文頁數:102
中文關鍵詞:帶魚生殖成長東海
外文關鍵詞:cutlassfishreproduction cyclegrowthEast China Sea
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帶魚(Trichiurus lepturus Linnaeus),為臺灣常見也是重要的經濟性魚種之一,全球約60~80%左右的帶魚產量來自於中國東海與臺灣海域。過去有關帶魚的研究報告雖然不少,但大多認為只有一種帶魚(T. lepturus)分佈在中國海域而非三種(T. lepturus,T. nanhaiensis,T. brevis)。再者,經過度捕撈的結果,帶魚資源受到了嚴重的破壞,且近年來大陸在東海及南海實行季節性的禁漁期(5~7月),但理論根據及效果的計算論證都無從得知。緣此,本研究之目的乃探討台灣週邊海域兩種帶魚的成長及生殖生物學,所使用樣本係於2002年8月至2003年9月間,按月主要於大溪及安平魚市場採集,另包括有南方澳、新港、東港、與馬祖等地,共計採得T. lepturus及T. nanhaiensis樣本2805尾。
帶魚年齡的判讀係以橫切之耳石作為查定的形質,並觀察其不透明帶,經邊緣成長分析後顯示,T. lepturus的輪紋形成期為每年的2月,T. nanhaiensis則於12~1月間,兩種帶魚皆為一年形成一輪,根據計數的年齡與對應之肛前長套入von Bertalanffy growth model中,其結果如下:
PLt(mm)= 508.27 {1- e [-0.269 ( t + 1.775 )]}
(T. lepturus)
PLt(mm)= 625.80 {1- e [-0.168 ( t + 2.142 )]}
(T. nanhaiensis)
兩種帶魚的成長有顯著之差異。
由卵巢外觀、卵細胞的組織切片、生殖腺指數及肝臟指數複測營養的變化來鑑定帶魚的成熟期,結果顯示台灣海域之T. lepturus一年有兩個生殖高峰,生殖期主要為每年的2~7月間,另一為11、12月,T. nanhaiensis之生殖期為每年的4~8月,台灣海域之T. lepturus平均性成熟之肛前長為256mm,兩種帶魚之性比與1:1有顯著差異。
Cutlassfish, Trichiurus lepturus Linnaeus, is one of the most common and important commercial marine fish species in China seas since about 60~80% of the world productions are landed in the East China Sea and Taiwan’s offshore/coastal waters. Many studies on cutlassfish have been well documented based upon only one species(T. lepturus)although there are three reported species (T. lepturus, T. brevis, and T. nanhaiensis) distributed in the China seas. Furthermore, the cutlassfish resource has also suffered from serious overfishing. Mainland China has now exercised seasonal (May to July) closure in East China Sea and South China Sea but their scientific bases are not well documented. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the growth and reproduction of cutlassfish species in the waters off Taiwan. A total of 2085 specimens of T. lepturus and T. nanhaiensis were collected monthly from August 2002 to September 2003, mainly from Tashi and An-ping as well as lesser samples from NanFangAo, ChengGong, DongKang, LienJiang fishing port.
Ages were estimated using sagittal otolith transverse sections. And, opaque growth rings were validated that formed once per year during February and December to January for both T. lepturus and T. nanhaiensis respectively. According to the age counts and preanal length measures which fitted with the von Bertalanffy growth model, resulting in:
PLt(mm)= 508.27 {1- e [-0.269 ( t + 1.775 )]} (T. lepturus)
PLt(mm)= 625.80 {1- e [-0.168 ( t + 2.142 )]} (T. nanhaiensis)
The growth of the two species were significantly different.
From examining the ovaries macroscopically, whole oocytes microscopically, and Gonosomatic Index/Hepatosomatic Index, it is suggested that there are two peaks of spawning period for T. lepturus in the waters off Taiwan. The majority was during February to July and another one was November to December. T. nanhaiensis was spawn during April to August. The mean preanal length at sexual maturity of females T. lepturus in the waters off Taiwan were 256mm. The sex ratios of both species were significantly different from 1:1。
中文摘要……………………………………………………………Ⅰ
英文摘要……………………………………………………………Ⅲ
第一章、前言………………………………………………………01
一、型態及分佈習性………………………………………………01
二、漁業概況………………………………………………………01
三、前人研究………………………………………………………02
四、研究目的………………………………………………………04
第二章、材料與方法………………………………………………05
一、樣本的蒐集與分類處理………………………………………05
二、年齡成長研究…………………………………………………06
三、生殖研究………………………………………………………10
第三章、結果………………………………………………………15
一、年齡成長研究…………………………………………………15
(一)全長與肛前長之關係………………………………………15
(二)a、全長與體重之關係………………………………………15
b、肛前長與體重之關係……………………………………16
(三)耳石的觀察與輪紋判讀……………………………………17
(四)輪紋形成期的確認…………………………………………18
(五)von Bertalanfy成長方程式………………………………19
(六)耳石重量及長度與年齡之關係……………………………20
(七)李氏現象……………………………………………………22
二、生殖研究………………………………………………………22
(一)生殖腺之描述………………………………………………22
(二)生殖腺指數…………………………………………………23
a、生殖腺指數的月別變化……………………………………23
b、生殖腺指數之月別頻度分佈………………………………24
(三)肝臟指數……………………………………………………24
(四)卵巢外部觀察與組織切片…………………………………25
(五)生殖期之判定………………………………………………30
(六)成熟之肛前長………………………………………………31
(七)性比…………………………………………………………32
第四章、討論………………………………………………………33
一、分類與鑑種……………………………………………………33
二、樣本來源與分類處理…………………………………………35
三、成長研究………………………………………………………37
四、生殖研究………………………………………………………41
五、結語……………………………………………………………45
參考文獻……………………………………………………………47
謝辭…………………………………………………………………54
表……………………………………………………………………55
圖……………………………………………………………………66
附錄一………………………………………………………………100
附錄二………………………………………………………………101
附錄三………………………………………………………………102
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