摘 要
本研究擬以代理人之技術發展工程變更會簽系統，藉由此系統串聯PDM與ERP之間的資訊，達到工程變更作業可順利執行。頻繁的工程變更將導致製造成本提昇，工程變更時沒有充分的考量正是主因之一。工程變更考量不足將導致企業資源與時間上的浪費，而工程變更作業牽涉到多部門的協調合作，資訊往返於多部門間，並透過部門間之協商方能達成有品質之工程變更。為使工程變更經過多部門考量，發展代理人為基礎之工程變更會簽系統成為達到此目標的方法。
本研究提出的架構分成三個階段。在概念階段中，先對工程變更流程進行分析，以界定出工程變更會簽整體流程，在設計階段則採用WARP之流程分析方法分析從概念階段得到之工程變更流程，並將WARP之流程分析方法加以修改，使其能提供足夠分析能力以建置本系統，而實作階段便根據分析所得建置工程變更流程會簽系統，透過代理人所形成的系統，完成工程變更會簽流程，目的在使企業能在工程變更時有多方面的考量，降低工程變更對企業之衝擊。

Abstract
The research developed an EC (engineering change) workflow system in terms of agent technologies to bridge the PDM and the ERP system. Frequently EC will increase the manufacturing cost. In addition, the lack of globally EC consideration will waste business time and resources. However, EC workflow usually involves the collaboration among several business departments. Therefore, this major objective of this research was addressed on developing an agent-based system to support EC activities from both design and production points of view.
A three stages framework was proposed. In the concept stage, the analysis of the EC workflow between design and production business units was carried out. Then, in the design stage, modified WARP approach was used to analyze the developed workflow and to develop the related agent-based system. Finally, in the implementation stage, the developed agent-based model was implemented by integrating two commercial PDM and ERP software packages along with an agent-base developing tools. The developed system can be used as a tool to support the EC from the production and manufacturing points of view.

目錄
摘 要................................................i
Abstract...............................................ii
誌 謝..............................................iii
目錄...................................................iv
圖目錄................................................vii
表目錄..................................................x
第一章 緒論............................................1
1.1 研究背景與動機 ......................................1
1.2研究目的.............................................2
1.3 研究範圍限制與論文架構..............................3
第二章 文獻探討.........................................5
2.1 代理人概述..........................................5
2.1.1 代理人定義........................................5
2.1.2 代理人特色........................................5
2.1.3 代理人種類........................................6
2.1.4 代理人的優點 ......................................8
2.2 工作流程............................................9
2.2.1 工作流程的定義....................................9
2.2.2 工作流程管理系統..................................9
2.3 協同產品商務 (Collaborative Product Commerce, CPC).12
2.3.1 協同產品商務形成原因.............................12
2.3.2 協同產品商務的優點...............................14
2.4 WARP...............................................15
2.4.1 WARP概述.........................................15
2.4.2 系統概述.........................................16
2.4.3 流程分析方法 .....................................18
第三章 研究方法架構..................................26
3.1 概念階段(Conceptual Specification Level)...........28
3.1.1 粗部流程.........................................28
3.1.2 細部流程圖.......................................28
3.2 設計階段...........................................29
3.2.1 控制模式(Control Model)..........................31
3.2.2 服務合作觀點(Service Collaboration View).........33
3.2.3 失敗觀點(Failure Atomicity View).................34
3.2.4 服務描述觀點(Service Representation View)........34
3.2.5 角色關連觀點(Role Association View)..............35
3.2.6 Fact Table.......................................35
3.2.7 Rulebase Table...................................36
3.3 實作階段(Implementation Level).....................36
第四章 工程變更會簽系統分析與建構....................38
4.1 概念階段...........................................38
4.1.1 粗部流程.........................................38
4.1.2 細部流程.........................................39
4.2設計階段............................................41
4.2.1 Control Model....................................41
4.2.2 服務合作觀點(Service Collaboration View).........44
4.2.3 失敗觀點(Failure Atomicity View).................47
4.2.4 服務描述觀點(Service Representation View)........48
4.2.5 角色關連觀點(Role Association View)..............51
4.2.6 Fact Table.......................................55
4.2.7 Rulebase Table...................................56
第五章 系統實作 .....................................61
5.1系統環境介紹........................................61
5.2建置代理人..........................................62
5.2.1 建置Ontology .....................................64
5.2.2 建置Rulebase .....................................65
5.2.3 產生代理人程式碼與規則庫.........................67
5.3系統建構............................................71
5.3.1 相關資料建立 .....................................72
5.3.2 部署工程變更流程會簽系統.........................76
5.4 範例驗證...........................................79
5.4.1 啟動工程變更流程會簽系統.........................79
5.4.2 驗證系統.........................................82
第六章 結論與建議....................................94
6.1 結論...............................................94
6.2 未來發展方向.......................................95
參考文獻...............................................97

參考文獻
[1] Brustoloni, J. C., “Autonomous Agents: Characterization and Requirements”, Carnegie Mellon Technical Report CMU-CS-91-204, Pittsburgh: Carnegie Mellon University, 1991
[2] Maes, P., “Artificial Life Meets Entertainment: Life like Autonomous Agents”, Communications of the ACM, 1998, pp.108-114
[3] Lange, D. and Oshima, M., “Programming and Deploying Java Mobile Agents with Aglets”, Addison Wesley (1998).
[4] Wooldridge, M. and Jennings, N.R. “Intelligent Agents: Theory and Practice. Knowledge Engineering Review”, June 1995, 10(2): pp.115-152.
[5] Harrison, C., Chess, D., and Kershenbaum, A., “Mobile Agents: Are They a Good Idea”, IBM Research Division T. J. Watson Research Center, 1995
[6] Hayes, C., “Agents in a Nutshell-A Very Brief Introduction”, IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering, January/February 1999, Vol 11, No.1,? pp127-132.
[7] Blake, M.B. and Gomaa, H., “ Object-Oriented Modeling Approaches to Agent-Based Cross-Organizational Workflow” , Software Engineering for Large-Scale Multi-Agent Systems (SELMAS2003) in conjuntion with the International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE2003), May 2003
[8] Dumas, M. and ter Hofstede, A.H.M., “UML Activity Diagrams as Workflow Specification Language”, Lecture Notes in Computer Science 2185 Springer 2001, ISBN 3-540-42667-1, pp.76-90
[9] Nwana, H. S., “Software Agents: An Overview” , Knowledge Engineering Review, Vol. 11, No 3,October/November 1996, pp.205-244
[10] Medina-Mora, R., Winograd, T., Flores, R. and Flores, F., “The action workflow approach to workflow management technology”, Conference proceedings on Computer-supported cooperative work, 1992, pp. 281 ? 288
[11] Workflow Management Coalition, “Workflow Management Coalition Terminology and Glossary”, Doc. No. WFMC-TC-1011, Issue 3.0, Feb 1999
[12] 許嶽聖,「工作流程管理系統工作引擎模式建構之研究」,國防管理學院資訊研究所 碩士論文 1998
[13] Workflow Management Coalition, “The Workflow Reference Model”, Doc. No. WFMC- TC00-1003, Issue 1.1, Jan 1995.
[14] McCready, S., “There is more than one kind of Work-flow Software”, Computerworld, November 2, 1992, pp.86-90.
[15] Mohan, C., “State of the Art in Workflow Management System Research and Products”, ACM SI GMOD International Conference on Management of Data, 1996.
[16] Blake, M.B, “Agent-Based Workflow Modeling for Distributed Component Configuration and Coordination’’, Fairfax, Virginia, George Mason University, PHD Dissertation, 2000.
[17] 葉彥宏,「應用智慧型代理人於電子商務」,朝陽科技大學工業工程與管理研究所,碩士論文 2002
[18] Franklin, S. and Graesser, A., “Is it an Agent, or just a Program? A Taxonomy for Autonomous Agents”, Lecture Notes in Computer, ISBN 3-540-62507-0 Intelligent Agents III, Springer-Verlag, 1997, pp.21-35.
[19] Stenmark, D., http://w3.informatik.gu.se/~dixi/agent/class.htm
[20] O'Brien, P.D. and Wiegand, M.E. “Agents of change in business process management”, BT Technol J, 14, No 4, 1996, pp.133-140.
[21] Andjomshoa, A., Shafazand, M.H., Schatten, A. and Min Tjoa, A., “The Application of Software Agent Technology to Project Management Infrastructure”, iiWAS 2002
[22] Salimifard, K. and Wright, M., “Petri net-based modelling of workflow systems: An overview”, European Journal of Operational Research, 2001, 134(3): pp.664-676.
[23] Aberdeen Group, Beating the Competition with CPC, Boston：Aberdeen Group, 2000.
[24] Kelly, D.S., “Web-Centric Product Data Management”, Journal of Industrial Technology, Volume 18-1, November, 2001
[25] Aberdeen Group, “Collaborative Product Commerce：Delivering Product Innovations at Internet Speed” , Aberdeen Group Market Viewpoint, Vol.12, No. 9, 1999.
[26] Williams, P. and Stemper, M., “Collaborative Product Commerce-The Next Frontier-The next big differentiator for technology companies will be the ability to harness collaboration for new-product development. Many of the tools exist today.”, EBN. Manhasset May 6 2002 p31