本文研究特徵以方向容差標註之元件的製程容差表製作。文中首先介紹平行度容差、垂直度容差與傾斜度容差等三種方向容差的宣告方式與容差限制範圍。其次探討傾斜度容差之標註，對於元件在斜角的徑向加工或法向加工時，其橫向尺寸容差區域之變化。繼而探討特徵以平行度容差與垂直度容差標註之元件，在端面切削時其特徵尺寸橫向容差的改變。最後討論運用最佳化法理論計算，以最小加工成本為目標函數，求得特徵以方向容差標註之元件的施工容差與材料切削量之最佳分配。

This work studies the tolerance charting techniques especially for the components with angular features. The research focuses on the features constrained by the orientation tolerance including parallelism, perpendicularity, and angularity. At first, this paper provides a general description about these geometrical tolerances. The change of tolerance zones during radial or normal cutting is discussed next. This work investigates the variation of the lateral dimensions as a component is specified by an angularity tolerance constraint. Later, parallelism and perpendicularity tolerance control applied to the end surfaces are analyzed. The discussion also emphasizes on the changes of feature dimensions and tolerances. Finally, optimization techniques are employed to approach the best allocations of stock removals and process tolerances based on the minimum manufacturing cost.

摘 要…………………………………………………………I
Abstract………………………………………………………II
誌 謝…………………………………………………………III
目 錄…………………………………………………………IV
圖索引…………………………………………………………VII
表索引…………………………………………………………X
第一章 緒論 …………………………………………………1
1.1 文獻回顧………………………………………………2
1.2 研究方法………………………………………………4
1.3 本文架構………………………………………………5
第二章 方向幾何容差 ………………………………………6
2.1 平行度容差……………………………………………6
2.1.1 平行度應用於表面之控制………………………6
2.1.2 平行度應用於軸線之控制………………………7
2.2 垂直度容差……………………………………………9
2.2.1垂直度應用於表面之控制 ………………………9
2.2.2 垂直度應用於軸線之控制………………………11
2.3 傾斜度容差……………………………………………12
2.3.1 傾斜度應用於表面之控制………………………12
2.3.2 傾斜度應用於軸線之控制………………………14
2.4 含材料保留狀態之方向容差標註……………………15
第三章 含斜角之特徵元件的加工製程 ……………………17
3.1 斜角切削方式…………………………………………18
3.2 斜角徑向切削容差區域之變化………………………21
3.2.1 具固定角度之斜角特徵之元件…………………21
3.2.2 含角度容差極限斜角特徵之元件………………23
3.2.3 傾斜度容差約束轉成角度容差約束……………26
3.3 斜角法向切削容差區域之變化………………………29
3.3.1 固定角度之斜角特徵之元件……………………29
3.3.2 含角度容差極限斜角特徵之元件………………31
3.4 內外部加工及基準之影響……………………………32
3.5 端面切削容差區域之變化……………………………36
第四章 容差表製作 …………………………………………38
4.1 權數法…………………………………………………40
4.1.1 權數設定…………………………………………40
4.1.2 權數法之容差分配………………………………43
4.2 獅分法…………………………………………………45
4.3 公稱尺寸與容差推演…………………………………46
第五章 最佳化設計 …………………………………………52
5.1 最佳化法之目標函數訂定……………………………52
5.1.1 施工容差成本函數………………………………52
5.1.2 材料切削量成本函數……………………………55
5.2 最佳化法之限制函數…………………………………56
5.3 最佳化法之容差分配範例……………………………57
第六章 結論 …………………………………………………63
附錄A：傾斜度容差拘束轉換之計算公式 …………………65
附錄B：斜角切削之計算公式 ………………………………66
參考文獻………………………………………………………68
作者簡介………………………………………………………71

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