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The Literature of ci-poetries’ ping-dian was in vogue during late Ming dynasty.
It was the most active time for literature discussion and ideology in the history. Due to social economy reforming, printing method developed and book publications are various, scholars with the special cultural dispositions, devote themselves into each filed of literary discussions. The Literature of ping-dian was greatly popular based on such cultural background. The sentimental and ideological trend of Ming people, caused them to notice the special characteristics, which the ci-poetry expressed feelings. And the changing of reading habit and the trend of vulgar, mad them decided to read out the literary type by ping-dian. These conditions interlock the influence; encourage the trend of ci-poetry discussion. Then ci-poetry discussion appeared with a new criticism pattern and against with the Ci-Hua, which was the main criticism pattern. It became very import in the history of literature.
However, the reading style of ping-dian was more perceptive, subjective and the content was scattered and like broken bits language. It didn’t have a concrete theory system. In order to avoid the diverseness and confusedness, the method of this thesis is to treat it as a literature phenomenon to discuss. I discuss and analyze this topic deeply and meaningfully with different levels instead of introduce text only. As discussion, we should treat these object texts with empathic understanding. Also references other history materials and this literature phenomenon occurrence links with that era’s characters.
This thesis has three approaches:
First approach is the discussion of the criticizing style of ping-dian. Ci-Hua was the main criticism pattern of ci-poetry. But scholars of Ming dynasty intended to choose ping-dian to be another main criticizing style. This thesis discusses the reasons how and why scholars take the way to do their criticism of ci-poetry.
The second approach is the structure of ci theory. Even though Ming dynasty was been called the fallings period of ci-poetry, it still had many theories with unique interpretation came out from the Ming scholars and influenced scholars in Ching dynasty. Though ping-dian didn’t have clear and solid theory system and it was quiet short and catered, first examines understanding had led scholars’ method of discussion. Also evaluation had shown the understandings of scholars. From ping-dian ci-poetry collections, we can inspect the structure, which was different from the view of ci-poetry before such as the definition, origin and Attribute.
The Third is the esthetic of ping-dian ci-poetry collections. Ming scholars inherit the unique atmosphere, so they showed the esthetic taste and savors regarding to that period of time. Most of them held totally different views and attitudes: Both treat it as minority and takes pleasure in ponders over. Under commercial condition leadership, ping-dian ci-poetries collections became a Pop culture and also led the esthetics’ view of ping-dian.
In those ping-dian ci-poetry collections, we can see Ming scholars valued motions and feelings more, when we compare with other dynasties. We can also see them regarding the writing in esthetic and the artistic requests. This proved even though ci-poetry was falling in Ming dynasty, but it was not goes out of cultivation completely. They had their own unique and lively part.
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