摘要
在現今社會競爭激烈及產品生命週期縮短的情況下，縮短前置期、降低成本空間來提高利潤空間是在所難免的。更由於網際網路的普及化及實體運輸通路系統的進步，使供應鏈管理成為一項重要的課題。
在供應鏈中，買賣雙方的關係，不單單只有競爭；亦出現了合作的關係，因此若是指單獨考慮如何減少買方成本或是單獨增加賣方利潤，是不符合實際狀況的。應該是透過協商、合約的方式，發展出一套整合上、中及下游的存貨模式，以達到供應鏈中「風險共擔，利益共享」的目的。在以往整合性存貨模式的研究中，都是以聯合總成本最小的情況下來求得最佳解；但是使用聯合總成本最小會有：成本重複計算、無法彰顯供應鏈的精神等缺點。所以，本文是採同時滿足買方成本最小及賣方利潤最大的均衡來求得最佳解。
本研究運用Stackelberg均衡理論，考慮買賣雙方在：（1）傳統EPQ-EOQ及（2）允許缺貨EPQ-EOQ等兩種情況下。當賣方強勢下資訊不對稱的主從關係中，推導出求得最佳解的必要條件，探討其最佳的存貨模式，進而發展出算法來求得多期的模式。再將實際的數值代入建立的模式中並利用Mathematica 4.0軟體來驗證我們的算法。

Abstract
It is important to reducing the logistical costs including the transportation/ distribution cost and warehousing cost in the modern competitive enterprise with the risk of the cycle of market/ product lifetime and the lead-time shorten.
Supply chain management (SCM) is a key to solve the problems above. In the literature, most scholars focus on the topics of joint total costs in both parties of buying and selling, but that cannot show the main idea of cooperation in SCM. The concept of total joint cost only reduces the cost of single party in buying or selling, lacking of the motivation of making both cooperative. Therefore, we propose the SCM inventory models with market mechanisms, to fit the goal of SCM "Risk Total Load, Benefit Share".
The research focuses on the inventory models of supply chain management via making use of the Stackelberg equilibrium. We consider the following two kinds of models: (1) Traditional EOQ-EOQ SCM model, and (2) EPQ-EOQ SCM model with allowing backordering. These models are the frameworks of bilevel optimization with impulse controls in each replenishment point. We derive the optimal conditions of the bilevel models and obtain the optimal replenishment policy under some mild conditions. To construct the numerical methods to compute the optimal replenishment policy of bilevel models, we make use of Mathematica 4.0 software to illustrate our examples.

目次
中文摘要……………………………………………………………………i
英文摘要……………………………………………………………………ii
致謝…………………………………………………………………………iii
目錄…………………………………………………………………………iv
表目錄………………………………………………………………………vi
圖目錄………………………………………………………………………vii
第一章 緒論…………………………………………………………………1
1.1 研究背景與動機…………………………………………………………1
1.2 研究目的與範圍…………………………………………………………3
1.3 研究方法與步驟…………………………………………………………4
1.4 論文架構與研究流程……………………………………………………6
第二章 文獻探討……………………………………………………………8
2.1 對局理論應用於存貨問題之相關文獻…………………………………8
2.2 二層遞階規劃之相關文獻……………………………………………10
2.3 存貨模式之相關文獻…………………………………………………11
2.4 存貨允許缺貨之相關文獻……………………………………………15
第三章 模式建立……………………………………………………………17
3.1 傳統EOQ存貨模式………………………………………………………17
3.1.1 符號說明……………………………………………………………17
3.1.2 基本假設……………………………………………………………19
3.1.3 模式建立……………………………………………………………20
3.1.4 傳統EOQ存貨模式的數值範例………………………………………27
3.2 允許缺貨發生，且採取完全欠撥存貨模式…………………………29
3.2.1 符號說明……………………………………………………………29
3.2.2 基本假設……………………………………………………………31
3.2.3 加入供應鏈前允許缺貨的模式建立………………………………32
3.2.4 加入供應鏈前允許缺貨模式的數值範例…………………………44
3.2.5 加入供應鏈後不允許缺貨的模式建立……………………………47
3.2.6 加入供應鏈後不允許缺貨模式的數值範例………………………56
第四章 結論與未來研究方向………………………………………………58
4.1 結論……………………………………………………………………58
4.2 未來研究方向…………………………………………………………60
參考文獻……………………………………………………………………61

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