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研究生:陳曉媚
研究生(外文):Chiao-Mei Chen
論文名稱:組織中知識分享行為之因果關係研究─從實務社群之信任機制觀點切入
論文名稱(外文):The study for cause-effect about the knowledge-sharing behavior in the organization-on the trust mechanism of the community of practice
指導教授:洪英正洪英正引用關係
指導教授(外文):Ying-Cheng Hung
學位類別:碩士
校院名稱:淡江大學
系所名稱:企業管理學系
學門:商業及管理學門
學類:企業管理學類
論文種類:學術論文
論文出版年:2004
畢業學年度:92
語文別:中文
論文頁數:165
中文關鍵詞:知識管理實務社群信任機制知識分享
外文關鍵詞:knowledge managementcommunity of practicetrust mechanismknowledge sharing
相關次數:
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  • 收藏至我的研究室書目清單書目收藏:16
身處於瞬息萬變的知識經濟時代,知識是企業最重要的資產。Anderson管理顧問公司(2000/1994)提出下列公式「K =(P + I)S」,其中「S」代表「分享」具有乘數的效果。因此,知識分享將是知識創新和管理的成功關鍵因素之一(張火燦、劉淑寧,2002;Kathryn & Abhishek, 2002)。
實務社群(community of practice)是達成組織間與組織內知識分享的新興作法,簡稱CoP,是由Etienne C. Wenger於1998 年Harvard Business Review中率先提出的觀念。Wenger認為實務社群是組織裡分享專門知識及交流情感而組成的非正式團體(Davenport & Pursak, 1999;Pursak, 1999 ; Earl, 2001)。
Allee(2000)、Lesser and Storck(2001)、Nickols(2000)、Lesser and Everest(2001)皆指出實務社群對組織、社群、成員及有效運用智慧資本具有相當的利益,可促進知識分享與提升組織績效。但成敗關鍵在於實務社群中人們在組織中交換或分享知識時認為知識買方是否值得信任?因此,從微觀(micro-viewpoint)而言,「信任」是落實知識分享的關鍵因素(Mayer, 1995;Senge, 1997;Davenport & Prusak, 1999)。
本研究試圖透過質化研究建構一信任機制在實務社群之知識分享行為因果關係中所扮演的角色模型,其中信任機制藉由「情感關係(成員與他人關係之親密性─親近或疏遠)」及「競合關係(成員間共享資源或工作利益的衝突─競爭或合作)」兩構面所組成,定義出四種信任類型:「互惠型信任」、「制度型信任」、「人情型信任」與「謀略型信任」。本研究並進一步探討推動實務社群之運作方式與前因後果變項之關係,並分析信任機制在實務社群成員互動上之影響。透過問卷之實證分析後,有下列重要的發現:
1.「互惠型信任」為最佳的信任關係,對成員皆具有高度正向影響,而「謀略型信任」則反之,此外,後果變項之知識分享態度與社會網絡密集度皆影響組織績效。
2.三層次對信任機制的影響分述如下:組織層次:支持開放型組織文化、成員對獎酬制度的高滿意度;團體層次:溝通氣候佳的社群、自由放任型的領導者;個人層次:成就動機高、利他主義傾向高,以上各因素皆有助於最佳信任關係─「互惠型信任」的發展,連帶提高組織績效與社會網絡關係。
本研究相信對研究結果在協助企業構築一完善的知識管理系統上應當是具有啟發與規範意義的。
We all know that knowledge has been the most important asset for the competitiveness of the modern organizations. So none of the companies can ignore the diffusion effect of knowledge. In order to get the best knowledge-sharing effect, trust resided among the members would be the indispensable factor (Kathryn & Abhishek, 2002).
The “community of practice” is a new way that more and more companies use it to improve the KM performance(Wenger,1998). The definition of community of practice is“a informal group found in the organization to communicate the members’ affection and knowledge”(Davenport & Pursak, 1999;Pursak, 1999 ; Earl, 2001).
What’s the real situation when people try to exchange information and knowledge in a community of practice?Is the trust climate sufficient to make the exchange rate grow up?People will take a consideration whether the partners in the community of practice are trustworthy enough or not. This proposal will try to establish a trust mechanism what is good-fit to clarify the intervening variable happened in the knowledge-sharing process.
With the qualitative approach we will define the construct of trust matrix in the knowledge sharing process. Initially we have classify the trust matrix into four cells including “reciprocal type trust”, “favorable type trust”, “institutional type trust”, and “trick type trust” according to the two dimensions of relationship and competition.
We believe that there would be a cause-effect model about the knowledge sharing behavior in the community of practice. And in this study there are six antecedents and two consequential factors. The trust mechanism is positioned as an intervening variable. After analyzing questionnaire, some important finding are shown as follow:
1.“Reciprocal type trust” is the best trust relationship, it has a positive correlation with social network density and knowledge-sharing attitude. “Trick type trust” is opposite to “reciprocal type trust”. Social network density and knowledge-sharing attitude play a decisive role and they can direct and indirect influence organization performance.
2.The influence of six antecedents on trust mechanism for three level—organization level, group level and individual level, are shown as follow: organization level-supportive and open organization culture, members satisfy with reward system; group level-community has a good climate of communication, laisser-faire leader; individual level-high achievement motive and high altruism tendency, have a positive correlation with the development of the best trust relationship, reciprocal type trust.
We believe that the result of this study will provide substantial contribution and abundant implication for the management when they are making a KM sharing structure.
目  錄
圖 次…………………………………………………………………………. II
表 次…………………………………………………………………………. III
第壹章 緒 論………………………………………………………….…. 1
第一節 研究背景動機………………………………………………....... 1
第二節 研究目的與問題………………………………………………... 4
第三節 重要名詞詮釋…………………………………………………... 5
第四節 研究流程…………………………………………………............ 6
第貳章 文獻探討………………………………………………………....... 7
第一節 實務社群……………………………………...……...…….......... 8
第二節 信任……………………………………........................................ 19
第三節 知識分享……………………………………................................ 24
第四節 社會網絡理論……………………………………........................ 30
第五節 三層次(組織、團體與個人層次)與信任之關係……………… 34
第六節 信任與知識分享之關係……………………………………….... 41
第參章 研究設計與實施……………………………………………...…. 42
第一節 研究架構……………………………………………………….... 42
第二節 研究假設……………………………………………………….... 44
第三節 研究變數定義與衡量………………………………………….... 45
第四節 研究工具與程序………………………………………...……..... 52
第五節 抽樣設計…………………………………………...…...……...... 55
第六節 資料分析方法……………………………………...…...……...... 56
第肆章 資料分析與結果……………………………………………….... 58
第一節 問卷分析……………………………………………………….... 58
第二節 信度分析………...……………………………………………..... 64
第三節 因素分析與集群分析………………………………………….... 65
第四節 羅吉斯迴歸…………………………………………...………..... 79
第五節 組織文化與信任矩陣之交叉分析…………………………….... 80
第六節 獎酬制度與信任矩陣之交叉分析…………………………….... 82
第七節 領導行為與信任矩陣之交叉分析…………………………….... 83
第八節 溝通氣候與信任矩陣之交叉分析…………………………….... 85
第九節 成就動機與信任矩陣之交叉分析…………………………….... 86
第十節 利他主義與信任矩陣之交叉分析…………………………….... 87
第十一節 信任矩陣對社會網絡密集度之單因子變異數分析……….... 88
第十二節 信任矩陣對最多及平均傳播人數之單因子變異數分析….... 89
第十三節 信任矩陣對知識分享態度之單因子變異數分析………........ 91
第十四節 假設檢定結果彙總…...………......………......………............. 92
第十五節 各人口統計變數及社群相關問題與信任矩陣之交叉分析… 93
第伍章 結論、討論與建議………………………………………………. 94
第一節 研究結論與討論……………………………………………….... 94
第二節 管理意涵…………………………………………………...…..... 103
第三節 研究貢獻………………………………………………......…...... 105
第四節 研究限制…………………………………………………...…..... 107
第五節 未來研究方向………………………………………………...…. 108
參考文獻………………………………………………………………………. 109
附錄一:本研究之半結構式問卷………………………………………... 122
附錄二:質化訪談結果一…………………………………………………. 126
附錄三:質化訪談結果二…………………………………………………. 139
附錄四:本研究之正式量化問卷………………………………………… 149
附錄五:各人口統計變數、社群相關問題與信任矩陣之交叉分析 155
圖 次
圖1-1 實務社群對組織之重要意涵................................................................. 3
圖1-2 本研究之研究流程………………………………………….....…........ 6
圖2-1 文獻探討架構圖………………………………………......................... 7
圖2-2 本研究所提出實務社群之信任機制………….…………………........ 22
圖2-3 Nonaka & Takeuchi之知識創造螺旋………………………….……... 26
圖2-4 Hendriks之知識分享模式………………………….…………………. 28
圖2-5 高密度與低密度之社會網絡關係圖…………………………............. 32
圖3-1 本研究之研究架構一…………………………….....…………............ 43
圖3-2 本研究之研究架構二…………………………………………………. 43
表 次
表2-1 實務社群之定義……………………………...…….………...………. 10
表2-2 實務社群與其他不同群體之比較…………...………………………. 12
表2-3 社群與團隊之差異比較…………………………...…………………. 13
表2-4 實務社群對組織、社群與成員之助益…………………………...…. 14
表2-5 組織促進實務社群之方法…………………………...…………….... 17
表2-6 信任之定義……………………...………………………………….... 19
表2-7 知識分享之不同觀點……………………...……………………….... 24
表2-8 各家學者對社會網絡之定義…………………………….………….. 30
表2-9 各家學者對領導行為之定義………………………………………... 36
表2-10 各家學者對成就動機之定義……………………………………..... 38
表2-11 信任對知識分享之影響…………………………………………….. 41
表3-1 假設檢定結果………………………………………………………... 44
表3-2 信任機制之變數定義與衡量………………………………………... 45
表3-3 組織文化之變數定義與衡量………………………………………... 46
表3-4 獎酬制度之變數定義與衡量………………………………………... 47
表3-5 領導行為之變數定義與衡量……………………………………….. 48
表3-6 溝通氣候之變數定義與衡量……………………………………….. 48
表3-7 成就動機之變數定義與衡量……………………………………….. 49
表3-8 利他主義之變數定義與衡量……………………………………….. 50
表3-9 社會網絡密集度之變數定義與衡量………………………………... 50
表3-10 知識分享態度之變數定義與衡量…………………………………. 51
表3-11 定性研究與定量研究之差異……………………………………….. 52
表4-1 問卷回收樣本分佈…………………………………………………... 58
表4-2 知識管理推動情形之樣本分佈…………………………………….. 59
表4-3 個人基本資料及社群相關問題之樣本分佈……………………….. 61
表4-4 研究變數之信度分析……………………………………………….. 64
表4-5 信任矩陣之KMO值與Bartlett檢定………………………………... 65
表4-6 信任矩陣之特徵值、解釋變異量與Cronbach’s α值………………. 66
表4-7 信任矩陣因素一:競合關係………………………………………… 66
表4-8 信任矩陣因素二:情感關係………………………………………… 67
表4-9 組織文化之KMO值與Bartlett檢定……………………………….. 68
表4-10 組織文化之特徵值、解釋變異量與Cronbach’s α值…………….. 68
表4-11 組織文化因素一:支持型組織文化……………………………….. 69
表4-12 組織文化因素二:官僚型組織文化………………………………. 69
表4-13 組織文化因素三:創新型組織文化……………………………..... 70
表4-14 組織文化之華德法逐次集結係數表……………………………..... 71
表4-15 組織文化集群後樣本之分佈情況…………………………………. 71
表4-16 組織文化集群之變異數分析……………………...………….......... 72
表4-17 組織文化集群之鑑別分析…………………………..……………… 72
表4-18 組織文化之集群分析與命名………………………..……………… 73
表4-19 領導行為之KMO值與Bartlett檢定………………………………. 73
表4-20 領導行為之特徵值、解釋變異量與Cronbach’s α值……………… 74
表4-21 領導行為因素一:任務導向……………………..…………………. 74
表4-22 領導行為因素二:情感導向…………………………..……………. 75
表4-23 領導行為之華德法逐次集結係數表………………………………... 76
表4-24 領導行為集群後樣本之分佈情況……………………...…………… 76
表4-25 領導行為集群效果之變異數分析…………………………..……… 76
表4-26 領導行為集群之鑑別分析………………………………………….. 77
表4-27 領導行為之集群分析與命名…………………….............................. 77
表4-28 羅吉斯迴歸─整體─概似比檢定…………...................................... 79
表4-29 羅吉斯迴歸─個別─概似比檢定……………….............................. 79
表4-30 組織文化對信任矩陣之卡方檢定………………...………………... 80
表4-31 組織文化對信任矩陣之交叉分析……………………..………….... 80
表4-32 獎酬制度對信任矩陣之卡方檢定………………...………………… 82
表4-33 獎酬制度對信任矩陣之交叉分析……………………..………….... 82
表4-34 領導行為對信任矩陣之卡方檢定………………...………………… 83
表4-35 領導行為對信任矩陣之交叉分析……………………..………….... 83
表4-36 溝通氣候對信任矩陣之卡方檢定………………...………………… 85
表4-37 溝通氣候對信任矩陣之交叉分析……………………..………….... 85
表4-38 成就動機對信任矩陣之卡方檢定………………...………………… 86
表4-39 成就動機對信任矩陣之交叉分析……………………..…………..... 86
表4-40 利他主義對信任矩陣之卡方檢定………………...………………… 87
表4-41 利他主義對信任矩陣之交叉分析……………………..…………… 87
表4-42 信任矩陣對社會網絡密集度之單因子變異數分析...……………... 88
表4-43 信任矩陣對社會網絡密集度之多重比較………………………….. 88
表4-44 信任矩陣對議題最多傳播人數之單因子變異數分析…………….. 89
表4-45 信任矩陣在議題最多傳播人數之描述性統計量………………….. 89
表4-46 信任矩陣對每月平均傳播人數之變異數分析…………………….. 89
表4-47 信任矩陣在每月平均傳播人數之描述性統計量………………….. 90
表4-48 信任矩陣對知識分享態度之單因子變異數分析………………...... 91
表4-49 信任矩陣對知識分享態度之多重比較………………...………....... 91
表4-50 假設檢定結果…………..………………...………....…...………….. 92
表4-51 人口統計變數及社群相關問題對信任矩陣之卡方檢定………...... 93
參考文獻
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