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Tables of contents ENGLISH ABSTRACT…….…………...............……………………….………………i CHINESE ABSTRACT……….…………..……………………………………………..iii TABLE OF CONTENTS….……………......…….………..…………………………….v LIST OF FIGURES………………….......……………….…………. …………………viii LIST OF TABLES……………….......………………….…………………………..…….xi CHAPTER 1 Introduction.…………………….................…………………...…………..1 CHAPTER 2 Document retrospect………………………………………………………..4 2.1 Kind of the Japanese Sake ………………………….…………..…….4 2.2 Making raw materials of Sake ………………………………………...7 2.2.1 Rice……………………………………………….……………….7 2.2.2 Water ……………………………………………………………..9 2.2.3 Koji…………………………………………………………..…..13 2.2.3.1 Kind of the Koji …………………………………….………13 2.2.3.2 Kind of Sake Koji…………………………………………...13 2.2.3.3 Functions of Koji …………………………………………...16 2.2.4 Yeast …………………………………………………………….20 2.3 Makes Sake of the principle summary ………………………………26 2.3.1Grinds rice………………………………………………………..26 2.3.2Wash rice……………………………………………….………...26 2.3.3Soak rice …………………………………………………………27 2.3.4Cooks rice ………………………………………………………..27 2.3.5Makes Koji……………………………………………………….27 2.3.6Makes Shubo…………………………………… ……………….32 2.3.7Make Moromi……………………………………………………34 2.3.8.Ferment ……………………………………………….…………36 2.3.9.Press …………………………………………….………………36 2.3.10.Clarify and filter ……………………………………………….37 2.3.11 Disinfection…….………………………………………………38 2.4 Flavor characteristic of Japanese Sake……….….…………………..39 CHAPTER 3 Material and Method……………………………….…………..…………41 3.1 Experiment structure …………………………….…………………..41 3.2 Experiment materials…………………………….…………………..42 3.3 Experiment apparatus………………………………………………..44 3.4 Small scale of sake brewing …………………………………………45 3.5 Analytical methods…………………………………………………..47 3.5.1The rice of analytical methods ……………………….………….47 3.5.2 Analytical method of the finished product ……………………...48 CHAPTER 4 Result and discussing……………………………………………………...51 4.1 Analysis data of raw materials rice…………..………………………51 4.2 Analysis data of the products………………………………………...53 4.2.1 The organic acid changes in Moromi …………………………..53 4.2.2 The flavors changes in Moromi…………….……………………57 4.2.3 Changes of the Alcohol, brix, glucose acidity in Moromi ………………………………………………………..62 4.3 The contrast with sake products and sake on the market…………….68 CHAPTER 5 Conclusion………………………………………………………………..80 CHAPTER 6 references……………………………………...…………………………83
List of Tables Table 2.1 Conditions;of water to makes sake …………………………………………..11 Table 2.2Effect of water micro- composition ……………………………...……………12 Table 2.3 Type of Japanese yeasts……………………………………………………….22 Table 2.4 Small cap koji each operate……………………………………………………31 Table 2.5 Type of sake Moromi………………………………………………………….33 Table 2.6 The standard fills a prescription……………………………………………….35 Table 2.7 Constituents of major flavors in sake………………………………………….40 Table 4.1 Analysis data of Grinds rice(90%)…………………………………………….52 Table 4.2 Analysis data of Grinds rice(75%)…………………………………………….53 Table 4.3 Raw materials data of sake products and sake on the market…………………71
List of Figures Figure 2.1 Kind of SakeKoji……………………………………………………………..15 Figure 3.1 Experiment framework…………………………………………….…………41 Figure 4.1 Used Kaoshing 139 rice to make sake , the organic acid change in mash (moromi), pressing……………………………………………………………………….55 Figure 4.2 Used Tai-geng 9 rice to make sake , the organic acid change in mash (moromi), pressing ………………………………………………………………………56 Figure 4.3 Used Kaoshing 139 rice to make sake , the alcohol change in mash (moromi), pressing………………………………………………………………………………….58Figure 4.4 Used Kaoshing 139 rice to make sake , the ester change in mash (moromi), pressing………………………………………………………………………………….59Figure 4.5 Used Tai-geng 9 rice to make sake , the alcohol change in mash (moromi), pressing………………………………………………………………………………….60 Figure 4.6 Used Tai-geng 9 rice to make sake , the ester change in mash (moromi), pressing…………………………………………………………………………………...61 Figure 4.7 Used Kaoshing 139 and Tai-geng 9 rice to make sake , the alcohol Percentage change in mash (moromi), pressing………………………………………………………………………………….64 Figure 4.8 Used Kaoshing 139 and Tai-geng 9 rice to make sake , the acidity change in mash (moromi), pressing……………………………………………………………….65 Figure 4.9 Used Kaoshing 139 and Tai-geng 9 rice to make sake , the brix change in mash (moromi), pressing…………………………………………………………………66 Figure 4.10 Used Kaoshing 139 and Tai-geng 9 rice to make sake , the glucose change in mash (moromi), pressing………………………………………………………………67 Figure 4.11 Organic acid of sake products as compared with sake on the market…………………………………………………………………………………….72 Figure 4.12 Alcohol of sake products as compared with sake on the market ……………………………………………………………………………….…………73 Figure 4.13 Ester of sake products as compared with sake on the market ………………………………………………………………………………………….74 Figure 4.14 Alcohol Percentage of sake products as compared with sake on the market…………………………………………………………………………………..75 Figure 4.15 Acidity of sake products as compared with sake on the market …………………………………………………………………………………………..76 Figure 4.16 Brix of sake products as compared with sake on the market …………………………………………………………………………………………..77 Figure 4.17 Glucose of sake products as compared with sake on the market ……………………………………………………………………………………………78 Figure 4.18 Color of sake products as compared with sake on the market ………………………………………………………………………
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