臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

企業透過第三者專業物流（3th Party Logistics；以下簡稱3PL）的協助，不僅可以達到本身物流經營績效的提昇，進一步還可使整個供應鏈達到整合性物流之綜效，使整體產業之供應鏈具競爭優勢。而企業如何善用此新中間組織並形成合作關係，是現階段重要課題之一。
過去部分學者大多以單一理論概念說明，並未建構完整性的理論架構加以說明。然而不確定性、交易雙方為交易所投入的特殊性資產、交易頻率、任務環境的變化和特性、連結雙方合作關係的資源形態和特性以及主理人與代理人之間彼此信任賴的代理問題，皆會影響企業和第三者專業物流之合作關係。因此，本研究以交易成本理論、資源依賴理論，和代理理論等觀點，建構一完整性的理論架構，探討企業與3PL之間的問題。此外，對企業而言，所有的營運、投資、及改善行動的行為，最終極的目的是改善企業績效。相關研究上亦認為，關係品質是一種包含各種正面關係結果的結構，可反映出關係整體強度以及關係人在需求及期望上的滿足程度，是以本研究將進一步分析企業和第三者專業物流合作關係整合程度對績效之影響。
本研究抽樣母體取自天下雜誌所編製2003年TOP1,000製造業與500大服務業為抽樣對象。共抽出1,000筆樣本，製造業前667家，服務業為前333家。總計回收151份，回卷率達15.1%，經過審查剔除回答不完整者有4份，共得有效問卷147份，有效問卷回收率達14.7%。此外，部分企業未有透過第三者專業物流執行物流功能者有42份，佔回收有效樣本的28.57%，有將物流委由外部企業協助者，共計有105份，佔回收有效樣本的71.43%。
經由結構模型分析後，結果顯示外部不確定性、組織內部不確定性、3PL衍生的機會成本以及資源任務複雜性等因素，對第三者物流委外合作關係程度在5%的顯著水準下，皆呈現顯著相關。而第三者物流委外合作關係程度與績效，在5%的顯著水準下，亦呈現顯著相關。
綜合而言，本研究在供應鏈的架構下，以交易成本理論、代理理論、資源依賴理論等理論觀點為基礎，分析企業將物流委由第三者專業物流協助原料、產品配送之合作關係，並建構不確定狀況、企業與第三者專業物流合作關係整合程度與績效之關聯結構模式。研究結果相當不錯，俾以提供後續研究者和實務界之參考。

New economic concept and business demand have aroused along with the growth and change of international trade in the new era. And the continuous evolutions of supply chain management for global logistics have caused rapid change on the roles of demand-supply relationship among enterprises as well as industries. It is, therefore, an important strategic issue to build up a comprehensive and effective logistics support system to improve distribution efficiency and service quality. Further more, strategy of logistics will play a dominant role in business operations. Therefore, many manufactories outsource their inbound or outbound logistic to the third party logistic（3PL）.
Looking over the relation of available literatures between the manufactory and 3PL in supply chain management, we found that there is no effective solution about why the manufactory and 3PL must cooperate and how co-ordination degreed they have each others. Besides, becoming of the cooperation brings added problems, for example, a gap between them or other managed problems. Tage（2000）even used the views of transaction costs to analyze cost efficiency and of network theory to explain the relation. But it has lacks that the researchers don’t have a full structure model to study it.
About analyzing the problems of the relation that the forming co-operation and the cooperation of co-ordination degrees, we agree that the concepts of the economic and organizational theories can solve these problems. Therefore, we have theoretical perspectives on the topic.
Before the researches, about transaction cost theory（TCT）, the more of researchers just employ the cost efficiency on the studies, but the original factors of effecting transaction costs or exchange behavior are the uncertainty, asset specificity and transaction frequency. Therefore, they couldn’t explain the issues effectively. However, in accordance with the view of resource dependence theory（RDT）, which thinks to solve the problems of the inter-organization cooperation effectively, must analyzing the basic factors-the environment concentration and resource dimensions to understand the innate characters of the cooperation problems. Because of having agency problems, when they form the cooperation relation, the relational problems couldn’t be explained fully by RDT. Therefore, we agree that the issues must have the basic factors of the TCT and RDT to analyze the relation, then subsuming the view of the agency theory（AT）.
For organizations, when they make the changes, the most important is to get better performance. Some researches assert the organizational activities, including the operations, investments, and improvement, are to get better performance. About the related researches, Some of the researches think the relation quality can emerge the related results straightly. Therefore, some parts of this study will discuss the performance changing on the integration co-ordination between the manufactory and 3PL.
About as, we attempt to build the co-ordination model of relation between the manufactory and the 3PL under the theoretical perspectives. Therefore, this empirical study through the concepts of the transaction costs theory, agency theory, resource-dependence theory to analyze co-ordination between the manufactory and the 3PL build the structure relationships, and serve as a reference for follow-up researchers and practitioners.

第一章 諸論 1
第一節 研究背景與動機 1
第二節 研究目的 2
第三節 研究方法 2
第四節 研究範圍 3
第五節 研究流程 4
第六節 章節架構 5
第二章 文獻探討 6
第一節 第三者專業物流（3PL）之定義與內涵 6
第二節 合作關係之定義與內涵 10
第三節 環境不確定狀況定義與內涵 17
第四節 交易成本理論定義與內涵 24
第六節 資源依賴理論定義與內涵 42
第七節 供應鏈績效定義與內涵 48
第三章 線性結構關係模式介紹 53
第四章 研究設計 60
第一節 研究架構 60
第二節 研究變數操作與定義 61
第三節 假說推導 64
第四節 不確性因素、物流合作關係與績效聯立結構關係模式 68
第五節 分析架構 74
第六節 資料分析方法 74
第七節 抽樣與問卷設計 76
第八節 資料分析分法 78
第五章 實證結果 80
第一節 樣本資料分析 80
第二節 樣本特性分析 84
第三節 無反應分析 87
第四節 信度與效度分析 88
第五節 觀念架構假說之驗證 92
第六節 分析結果彙總 98
第六章 研究結論與建議 101
第一節 研究結論 101
第二節 管理意涵 102
第三節 研究建議 104
參考文獻 105
附錄一 123

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