臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究是以幾丁聚醣和聚乙烯醇為主要材料，再按不同比例進行摻合製備薄膜，以進行不同摻合比例下，薄膜的性質探討。為近一步了解自製薄膜的性質，設計了一系列實驗來進行物性及化性的分析，其中包含了抗菌實驗、機械性質分析、FTIR、接觸角測試、電子顯微鏡 ( SEM )、原子力顯微鏡 ( AFM ) 等實驗，來確定薄膜的性質，以了解此自製薄膜是否有發展成食品包裝材料的潛能。
由實驗結果顯示，抗菌效果會隨著幾丁聚醣去乙醯度和含量的增加而增加，DD95要比DD80抗菌效果更好且2g幾丁聚醣有較佳的抗菌效果，而聚乙烯醇摻合幾丁聚醣的薄膜和單純幾丁聚醣薄膜有相同的抗菌效果；機械性質分析實驗也可得知抗張強度也會隨著幾丁聚醣 ( DD95 ) 含量的增加而增加，從36.47 MPa到51.57 MPa，伸長率卻隨著含量的增加由4.525％減少到3.48％；聚乙烯醇掺合幾丁聚醣 ( DD95 ) 的薄膜其抗張強度由37.72 MPa增加到43.47 MPa，伸長率從4.215％減小到3.008％；由接觸角實驗得知幾丁聚醣 ( DD80 ) 含量愈高，接觸角也愈大，從83到95度；FTIR也顯示了聚乙烯醇和幾丁聚醣摻合後，不會導致胺基的吸收波峰消失，這也證明了經過聚乙烯醇摻合後的薄膜不會影響抗菌效果。SEM可以看出表面呈現良好的平整性且沒有孔洞也無不溶性微粒存在；由AFM可看出薄膜表面是平整均勻的且無明顯的高低落差。

The study of this thesis concentrates on chitosan film formation using chitosan and poly ( vinyl alcohol ) as main materials. The blended film was based on different ratio to explore the properties. In order to gain understanding of the films, a series of experiments were designed and the physical and chemical properties were tested using antibacterial test, mechanical properties, water contact angle, FTIR, Scanning Electron Microscopy ( SEM ) and Atomic Force Microscopy ( AFM ). The properties of the films were analyzed to see whether it is feasible using this film as packing materials for food products.
The results exhibited that the effect of antibacterial activity increased with increasing degree of deacetylation and the content of chitosan, DD95 has the antibacterial activity over DD80 and 2g chitosan had the best antibacterial effect. The blended and pure chitosan films had the same results. The tensile strength increased with increasing content of chitosan ( from 36.47 MPa to 51.57 MPa ) but the elongation decreased with increasing content of chitosan from ( 4.252％ to 3.48％ ). The blended films of PVA and chitosan ( DD95 ) showed an increase of tensile strength from 37.72 MPa to 43.47 MPa while the elongation decreased from 4.215％ to 3.008％. The contact angle increased ( from 83 to 95 degree ) with increasing content of chitosan ( DD80 ). FTIR revealed that the blended films had amino group which proved that the blended films didn’t adversely affect chitosan’s antibacterial activity. SEM showed that the surface of film was smooth without pores and undissolved particals；AFM indicated that the blended films was homogeneous and smooth.

中文摘要 ……………………………………………… i
英文摘要 ……………………………………………… ii
致謝 ……………………………………………… iv
目錄 ……………………………………………… v
表目錄 ……………………………………………… viii
圖目錄 ……………………………………………… ix
一、 前言 ……………………………………………… 1
二、 文獻回顧 ……………………………………………… 3
2.1 幾丁質 …………………………………………… … 3
2.1.1 幾丁質的介紹 ….………………………………… 3
2.1.2 幾丁質之分佈、來源及構造 …….………………. 3
2.1.3 幾丁質的結構與外觀 …………….…………… 9
2.1.4 幾丁質的特性 …………………………….……… 9
2.1.5 幾丁質的製備 ……………………………….…… 10
2.1.5.1 碳酸鹽類去除的方法 ……………………….……… 10
2.1.5.2 蛋白質去除方法 ………………………….………… 10
2.2 幾丁聚醣 ……………………………………. 11
2.2.1 幾丁聚醣之介紹 ……………………………………. 11
2.2.2 幾丁聚醣的結構與外觀 ………………….………. 11
2.2.3 幾丁聚醣的特性 …………………………………… 12
2.2.3.1 生物活性 …………………………….…………… 12
2.2.3.2 螫合性 ……………………………….…………….. 12
2.2.3.3 抗菌性 …………………………….……………….. 12
2.2.3.4 幾丁聚醣作為生醫材料方面之特性 ………..….. 13
2.2.3.5 幾丁聚醣的其它特性 ………………….………….. 14
2.2.4 幾丁聚醣之製備 …………………………………… 15
2.2.4.1 化學法 …………………………………….………. 15
2.2.4.2 發酵法 ……………………………….……………. 16
2.3 幾丁質幾丁聚醣的應用 ………………………… 16
2.3.1 在生物醫學材料方面的應用 …………….……… 16
2.3.2 在機能性食品應用 ………………………….…… 17
2.3.3 食品加工的應用 …………………………….……… 17
2.3.4 農業上的應用 …………………………….…….. 18
2.3.5 化�菻~上的利用 …………………….…………….. 18
2.3.6 廢水的處理 …………………………….………….. 18
2.3.7 酵素固定及分離 ………………………….……….. 19
2.4 幾丁聚醣去乙醯度的測定 ……………………. 22
2.4.1 紫外光光譜分析法 ………………………….…... 22
2.4.2 紅外光光譜分析法 ……………………………… 22
2.4.3 核磁共振光譜分析法 ……………………………… 22
2.4.4 氣象層析法 ……………………………………….. 23
2.4.5 熱分析法 ………………………………………… 23
2.4.6 酵素法 ……………………………………………… 23
2.4.7 滴定法 ……………………………………………… 24
2.5 幾丁聚醣分子量的測定 ………………………… 24
2.5.1 黏度平均分子量 …………………………………… 24
2.5.2 膠體過濾層析法 …………………………………… 25
2.5.3 高效率液相層析法 ……………………………… 25
2.5.4 光散射法 ……………………………………….. 25
2.6 聚乙烯醇 ……………………………………….. 27
2.7 幾丁聚醣和聚乙烯醇摻合的相關性質與應用…. 28
三、 材料與方法 ………………………………………………….. 31
3.1 藥品 …………………………………………….. 31
3.2 儀器 …………………………………………….. 31
3.3 培養基 ( Nutrient broth，Difco ) 配方 ……. 32
3.4 菌株 …………………………………………….. 32
3.4.1 菌株的來源及介紹 ……………………………… 32
3.5 幾丁聚醣之分子量測定 ………………………… 34
3.6 方法 …………………………………………….. 34
3.6.1 幾丁聚醣薄膜的製備 ……………………………… 34
3.6.2 聚乙烯醇摻合幾丁聚醣薄膜的製備 …………. 35
3.6.3 抗菌測試 ……………………………………….. 35
3.6.3.1 培養基的配製 ……………………………….…. 35
3.6.3.2 菌株活化及保存 …………………………….……. 35
3.6.3.3 抗菌測試 ………………………….……….. 36
3.6.4 機械強度 …………………………………….….. 36
3.6.5 傅立葉轉換紅外線光譜 ( FTIR ) ………………. 36
3.6.6 接觸角 …………………………………………….. 37
3.6.7 電子顯微鏡 ( SEM ) ……………………………… 37
3.6.8 原子力顯微鏡 ( AFM ) ………………………… 37
四、 結果與討論 ………………………………………………….. 39
4.1 幾丁聚醣之分子量測定與探討 ………………. 39
4.2 幾丁聚醣膜材之性質分析 ……………………. 43
4.2.1 抗菌實驗 …………………………………… 43
4.2.2 機械強度 ………………………………………… 57
4.2.3 傅立葉轉換紅外線光譜 ( FTIR ) ………………. 63
4.2.4 接觸角 …………………………………………….. 65
4.2.5 電子顯微鏡 ( SEM ) ……………………………… 69
4.2.6 原子力顯微鏡 ( AFM ) ………………………… 69
五、 結論 ………………………………………………….. 89
六、 參考文獻 …………………………………………….. 90
自述 …………………………………………………………… 96

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