本研究主旨在探討燃料電池於不同操作條件下的性能表現。實驗測試了五種不同流道形式之性能表現，以此來瞭解及改善電池的設計和基本的操作參數。研究內容主要探討了燃料與氧化劑流量、內部流場的方向、燃料的溼度及溫度等對電池性能的影響。實驗發現，燃料濃度的均勻性會影響質傳效率，尤其在高電流密度時更明顯，當燃料供應不足時，在下游區域將會產生質傳極限現象。本實驗中的密與疏的單蛇多彎曲形流道、傳統單蛇行流道，都在流量200cc/min能達到最佳的性能表現，與300cc/min的性能相等。密與疏的單蛇多彎曲形流道的性能，比其他柵狀流道、傳統單蛇行流道和迴旋狀流道來的好；而密與疏的單蛇多彎曲形流道，又以流道不旋轉時的整體性能為最佳，但柵狀流道在旋轉180度時有最好的性能，而傳統單蛇行流道在旋轉過後不會有太大的性能差異。另外迴旋狀流道則不適合氣體加濕的情況。
另外本研究也以三維數值模擬分析不同的燃料電池的流道設計，討論不同參數對質子交換膜燃料電池性能的影響，藉以進一步實驗中無法觀察到的燃料濃度分佈、水生成、電流密度及壓降的情況。

The performance of PEM fuel cell under different operating conditions has been studied experimentally and numerically in the thesis. Five different types of flow channel, including spiral, traditional column, traditional serpentine, and two new serpentine types with different density of turns, have been experimentally investigated for different flow rates and orientations. The uniformity of fuels affects the mass transfer and the corresponding fuel cell performance. The results show that the performance reaches the optimum at the flow rate of 200 cc/min for all the flow types except for the spiral one and that the two new serpentine types with more turns have better performance than the others. It is also found that further increase of the flow rate does not improve the performance. As for the orientations, the original types show their best performance for the two new serpentine flow types; however, the performance of the traditional column type with 180 degree turn-around of the cathode is better than its other orientations; for the traditional serpentine type, the orientation does have any significant effect on the performance. In addition, the spiral flow type is specially appropriate for inlet conditions with no or low humidification due to its specific geometric configuration.
The numerical simulations provide further detailed information inside the fuel cell that can not be seen by experiments. The numerical results show the fuel concentrations, water vapor concentration, pressure and current density distributions and will help understand the physics and phenomena occurring in the fuel cell and can benefit the future studies of improvement.

中文摘要 ……………………………………………………………… I
英文摘要 ……………………………………………………………… III
誌謝 ……………………………………………………………… V
目錄 ……………………………………………………………… VI
表目錄 ………………………………………………………………… IX
圖目錄 ………………………………………………………………… X
符號說明 ……………………………………………………………… XIV
一、緒論 ……………………………………………………………… 1
1-1 前言…………………………………………………… 1
1-2 背景…………………………………………………… 4
1-3 燃料電池種類………………………………………… 7
1-3-1 鹼性燃料電池………………………………………… 7
1-3-2 高分子膜燃料電池…………………………………… 7
1-3-3 磷酸燃料電池………………………………………… 9
1-3-4 熔融碳酸鹽燃料電池………………………………… 10
1-3-5 固態氧化物燃料電池………………………………… 10
1-4 文獻回顧……………………………………………… 11
1-5 研究目的……………………………………………… 16
二、燃料電池結構 ………………………………………………… 18
2-1 燃料電池內部結構…………………………………… 18
2-1-1 膜電極組(MEA) …………………………………… 18
2-1-2 氣體擴散層(gas diffusion layer) ……………… 18
2-1-3 墊片(gasket) ……………………………………… 18
2-1-4 燃料流場板(fuel flow-field plate)……………… 19
2-1-5 集電板(current collector) ……………………… 19
2-2 燃料電池原理 ……………………………………… 19
2-3 燃料電池極化現象…………………………………… 20
2-3-1 極化(polarization) ………………………………… 20
2-3-2 活化極化(activation polarization) …………… 21
2-3-3 濃度極化(concentration polarization) ……… 21
2-3-4 歐姆極化(ohmic polarization) …………………… 21
2-4 實驗上的極化分析…………………………………… 22
2-5 質子交換膜電池性能提升策略與方法……………… 23
2-5-1 降低電化學反應電位………………………………… 23
2-5-2 降低內電阻電位……………………………………… 23
2-5-3 降低質傳阻抗之影響………………………………… 24
三、實驗……………………………………………………………… 25
3-1 實驗材料及規格……………………………………… 25
3-2 CNC加工機台 ………………………………………… 26
3-3 燃料電池性能測試機台……………………………… 26
3-4 性能量測方法………………………………………… 28
3-4-1 實驗步驟 ………………………………………… 29
3-5 燃料的換算 …………………………………………… 31
3-6 實驗內容 ……………………………………………… 32
四、理論模式 ………………………………………………………… 35
4-1 計算流體力學 ………………………………………… 35
4-2 數值理論 ……………………………………………… 35
4-3 基本假設 ……………………………………………… 36
4-4 數學模式 ……………………………………………… 37
4-4-1 多孔隙材質傳輸之統御方程式 ……………………… 37
4-4-2 電化學反應及質量與電流間之統御方程式 ………… 39
4-4-3 流道內傳輸之統御方程式 …………………………… 42
4-5 格點設定 ……………………………………………… 42
五、結果與討論 ……………………………………………………… 43
5-1 溫度的影響…………………………………………… 43
5-2 白金觸媒的影響……………………………………… 44
5-3 燃料濃度的影響……………………………………… 45
5-3-1 密的單蛇多彎曲型流道……………………………… 46
5-3-2 疏的單蛇多彎曲型流道……………………………… 47
5-3-3 柵狀流道……………………………………………… 47
5-3-4 傳統單蛇行流道……………………………………… 48
5-3-5 迴旋型流道…………………………………………… 48
5-4 不同流道的影響……………………………………… 49
5-4-1 密的單蛇多彎曲型流道……………………………… 49
5-4-2 疏的單蛇多彎曲型流道……………………………… 49
5-4-3 柵狀流道……………………………………………… 50
5-4-4 傳統單蛇行流道……………………………………… 51
5-4-5 迴旋型流道…………………………………………… 51
5-5 燃料進出口位置的影響……………………………… 52
5-5-1 密的單蛇多彎曲型流道……………………………… 53
5-5-2 疏的單蛇多彎曲型流道……………………………… 54
5-5-3 柵狀流道……………………………………………… 55
5-5-4 傳統單蛇行流道……………………………………… 57
5-5-5 迴旋型流道…………………………………………… 58
5-6 燃料濕度影響………………………………………… 59
5-7 數值模擬部分………………………………………… 61
5-7-1 收斂判斷……………………………………………… 61
5-7-2 氣態水濃度分佈……………………………………… 62
5-7-2-1 疏的單蛇多彎曲型流道……………………………… 62
5-7-2-2 柵狀流道……………………………………………… 62
5-7-2-3 傳統單蛇行流道……………………………………… 62
5-7-3 氣體濃度分佈………………………………………… 63
5-7-3-1 疏的單蛇多彎曲型流道……………………………… 63
5-7-3-2 柵狀流道……………………………………………… 63
5-7-3-3 傳統單蛇行流道……………………………………… 63
5-7-4 電流密度……………………………………………… 64
5-7-5 壓降分佈……………………………………………… 64
六、結論 ………………………………………………………………66
參考文獻 ………………………………………………………… 71

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