本研究修改Brockhoff(1992)與Ernst(1998)所提出的專利組合分析方法，分為公司及技術兩個層面來探討。在公司層面，以六項專利指標取代傳統的五項專利指標，評估重要公司在磁阻性隨機存取記憶體(MRAM)產業的專利活動及專利品質，並利用因素分析法與集群分析法畫分及確定各公司在MRAM技術領域的專利地位。在技術層面，本研究將嘗試以文件探勘的技術，根據相同專利分類號的專利文件，彼此在技術內容的相似度，找出MRAM所包含的技術類別，取代過往採取人工分類的方式，並以CHI研究公司所提出的專利指標，對MRAM的相關技術類別做進一步的分析。最後透過專利組合分析的結果，探討重要公司於MRAM技術領域的專利表現、研發重心及技術能力。

This study modifies the methods presented by Brockhoff(1992) and Ernst(1998) to analyze patent portfolios. To analyze patent portfolios, the previous methods used two aspects: company and technology. In the aspect of company, this study use six indicators instead of five indicators proposed in the previous methods to evaluate the patent activities and quality. Furthermore, this study use factor analysis and cluster analysis to divide and confirm patent position of important companies in Magnetic Random Access Memory (MRAM) industry. In the aspect of technology, this study introduces an emerging method, called text mining, to clarify the technological fields and to replace the manual classification in previous methods. The technological fields are classified based on the similarity between patent documents. After classification, patent performances of each technological field is analyzed and compared according to the commonly used patent indicators proposed by CHI Research Corporation. Based on the results using the modified method, this study analyzes the patent performance, R&D focuses and technological ability of important companies in MRAM industry.

目 錄
目 錄 I
圖 目 錄 III
表 目 錄 V
第一章 緒論 1
第一節 研究背景 1
第二節 研究動機 2
第三節 研究目的 4
第四節 章節架構 5
第二章 文獻探討 6
第一節 智慧財產權與專利 6
第二節 專利分析相關文獻 11
第三節 文件探勘 21
第四節 磁性記憶體簡介 27
第三章 研究方法 32
第一節 研究流程 32
第二節 研究設計 33
第四章 研究結果 46
第一節 公司層面 47
第二節 技術層面 54
第三節 結果整合 63
第四節 小結 73
第五章 結論與建議 74
第一節 結論 74
第二節 建議 76
第三節 研究限制 77
附錄 79
參考文獻 81
中文部分 81
英文部份 83

圖 目 錄
圖2-1發明、創新及專利三者的關係 9
圖2-2 IPC的組成 11
圖2-3專利資料、專利資訊及專利情報的關係 12
圖2-4公司層面之專利組合圖 19
圖2-5技術層面之專利組合圖 20
圖2-6向量空間模式 26
圖2-7階層式聚合分群法 27
圖2-8 MRAM技術發展的流程 28
圖2-9 MRAM的結構及原理 30
圖3-1研究流程 32
圖3-2技術分類流程 37
圖3-3 TextAnalyst執行畫面 38
圖3-4特徵值的選擇 39
圖3-5 IPC分析單位 40
圖3-6 IPC向量模式 41
圖4-1近十年的專利件數 46
圖4-3 Entropy計算結果 55
圖4-4技術層面的專利組合圖(RGR) 62
圖4-5技術層面之專利組合圖(RDGR) 62

表 目 錄
表2-1我國著作權、商標權及專利權的比較 7
表2-2各國專利制度 8
表2-3 CHI研究公司指標 17
表2-4應用專利組合的建議 21
表2-5四種記憶體的比較 29
表4-1專利指標分析結果 48
表4-2因素負荷量及命名 50
表4-3凝聚係數表 51
表4-4各群平均數與Scheffe多重比較 53
表4-5凝聚係數表 56
表4-6各群IPC及特徵值分佈 57
表4-7專利指標分析結果 58
表4-8專利組合分析整合表 64
表5-1兩方法的比較 75

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