臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

在過去十年，由於在高必v雷射技術方面迅速的發展，使得超短高強度雷射脈衝與原子團簇和原子的交互作用而產生高階諧波產生已經成為一個活躍的研究領域。除了具備極好的時間與空間的同調性外，以此方法產生的X光脈衝及高階諧波訊號已被推展到生物水窗的波長範圍以及飛秒級的脈衝長度，這些特性使得採用高階諧波產生的X光光源具有強大的科學研究應用的潛力。然而，目前以此方式產生的X光在短波長的區域的強度仍然非常微弱，嚴重地限制了其應用。
我們在關於高階諧波產生方面所作的實驗中，我們調查了氦原子氣體和氬原子團簇氣體所產生高階諧波的現象。在氦原子氣體觀察到高階諧波的譜線隨著增加雷射脈衝的強度而變寬，這是歸因於產生高階諧波輻射的週期數量減少；在氬團簇方面觀察到高階諧波譜線藍移的翅膀隨著增加原子密度及增加雷射脈衝強度而增加，主要是因為游離造成的藍移及高階諧波偶極矩的非絕熱藍移所造成。
為了更了解由原子團簇所產生的高階諧波產生，我們測量其大小。關於我們測量原子團簇大小的實驗方面，我們用光學的方法來量測。這種技術是使用雷利散設系統及干涉儀而達成。為了達到之後高階諧波產生的電漿中行進波的相位匹配，可以藉著改變原子團簇的大小、溫度及改變混合氣體的比例來使電漿中行進波達到相位匹配，用以提高高階諧波的轉換效率，所以利用此光學方法來量測原子團簇的尺寸大小是重要的。

With the rapid progress in high-power laser technology in the past decade, the interaction of ultrashort high-intensity laser pulses with atomic clusters and atoms to generation of high-order harmonics has become an active field of research. Besides good spatial and temporal coherence, the produced x-ray pulse and harmonics signal have been extended to the water-window wavelength and attosecond pulse duration. These characteristics make the high-harmonic generation x-ray source a very powerful tool for scientific research. However, the intensity of the produced x-ray at short wavelength is still very low, limiting practical application.
In our experiment about high-order harmonic generation (HHG), we investigated the HHG of helium atomic gas and argon cluster gas. For helium atomic gas the spectrum of harmonics broadens with increasing laser intensity, which is ascribed to the reduction of cycles of harmonic emission. For argon cluster gas the blue-shift wing in the spectrum of harmonics grows with both increasing atom density and laser intensity, showing that both the effects of ionization blue shift and nonadiabatic blue shift of harmonic dipole are significant.
We measurement the size of cluster in order to understand it for generate high-order high harmonic generation. In our experiment about measurement of the size of cluster in a gas jet, we use optical method for measurement it. The technique employs Rayleigh scattering imaging system and interferometry. In order to increase the conversion efficiency of high harmonic generation, we use the nano-plasma traveling-wave phase matching in the future by change the size and temperature of cluster and by change the percentage of mixture gas. So this optical method to measure cluster size is important.

1緒論 1
1.1高階諧波產生之歷史背景 1
1.2高階諧波產生之模型 5
1.3氬原子團簇氣體噴流之高階諧波產生 9
1.3.1主脈衝游離介質而產生藍移 (Ionization induce blue-shift of the
pump pulse)與非絕熱藍移 ( non-adiabatic blue shift ) 9
1.3.2原子團簇 ( cluster ) 的孕? 10
2高階諧波產生實驗儀器架設 13
2.1雷射系統 13
2.2實驗診斷儀器之架設 16
2.3實驗結果 18
3原子團簇大小之診斷 29
3.1原子團簇大小的計算 29
3.2雷射系統 30
3.3 實驗診斷儀器之架設 　　　 32
3.4 實驗成果 　 　　 35
4實驗結論與後序發展 　　 54
4.1 實驗結論 54
4.2 高階諧波產生之後序發展 56
4.2.1奈米電漿球行進間相位匹配 (nano-plasma traveling wave phase matching) 57

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