臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

最近幾年，人們越來越希望能在可攜式的裝置上享受到多媒體的應用，像是利用手機來看電影、聽音樂等等。所以在嵌入式的系統中支援即時多媒體的應用已經變成了一種趨勢。在傳統的嵌入式系統中，往往只需要一顆微處理器來負責整體的系統控制，但當我們需要讓它支援多媒體的應用時，由於該微處理器往往只擁有基本的運算弁遄A所以單單靠一顆微處理器是無法實現即時播放多媒體的應用。所以假如我們想要達到即時播放的弁遄A我們可以設計一個特定應用的晶片(ASIC)來加速在多媒體的應用中佔最多計算時間的部份來達到即時播放的弁遄C但是一旦多媒體的標準改變或是我們希望能在支援其他應用時，我們便需要在設計其他的晶片來搭配，所以雖然利用ASIC可以達到我們需要的即時播放弁遄A但是他卻不具彈性及可程式化的弁遄C因此在未來，可變動性與可程式化會成為再嵌入式系統中一個重要的部份。
在本篇論文中，我們提出了一個超長指令集並搭配同時多緒(VLIW SMT)的系統架構，此架構包含了三個運算單元，分別為RISC、HelperRISC以及一個可獨立設計的可客製化運算單元(Customized Function Unit)。我們利用此一架構來處理MPEG Audio Layer-3 (MP3) 格式的聲音解碼應用。我們透過RISC來處理系統控制的部份，並設計一個針對MP3解碼的可客製化運算單元來做MP3解碼的加速，並利用HelperRISC來做RISC與可客製化運算單元的溝通。從實驗的結果中我們可以得知當加了我們的可客製化運算單元後，我們可以在MP3解碼的核心程式中獲得40%~70%的效能提昇，並且可以獲得12%的整體效能提昇。

In recent year, people need more and more multimedia applications in mobile device, like using mobile phone to watch movie and listen music. So support real-time multimedia application in embedded system has already become a trend. In traditional embedded system,there is always having a microprocessor to handle system control, but this microprocessor usually only have basic arithmetic instructions and doesn’t support multimedia application, so in multimedia application if we want to achieve real-time use one microprocessor is not enough. So if we want let multimedia application in our embedded system can achieve realtime, we can design an ASIC to accelerate the bottleneck part in multimedia application and make it can achieve real-time. But if the standard of multimedia changed, we need to design another ASIC to handle. So use ASIC though can achieve real-time requirement, it is not flexible and programmable. Thus, flexible and programmable is become an important part in multimedia support in embedded system.
In this thesis, we proposed a VLIW SMT architecture that have three function units, which have one RISC function unit, one helperRISC function unit, and one customized function unit which is stand alone design. And we use this architecture to decode MPEG Audio Layer-3 audio (MP3). We use RISC function units to handle system control, and designs a customized function unit to accelerate MP3 decode application, helperRISC function unit is used to communicate RISC function unit and customized function unit. In our experiments
we can see that use our customized function unit we can gain 40%-70% erformance
improvements in kernel functions and 12% improvement in whole MP3 decode application.

1 Introduction 1
1.1 Background
1.2 Approach
1.3 Thesis Organization
2 Related Work
2.1 Software Optimized
2.2 Dual-core processor
2.3 ARM-based MP3 decoder
2.4 Our Approach
3 Architecture
3.1 System Architecture
3.2 Execute Flow
3.3 CFU Design
3.3.1 MP3 decoder Analysis
3.3.2 MP3 decoder Profiling Information
3.3.3 Instructions Design
3.3.4 Instruction Set of CFU
4 Implementation
4.1 Pipeline Stage
4.2 Instruction Datapath
4.3 Hardware Design Verification
4.4 System Verification
4.4.1 Software Verification
4.4.2 Hardware Verification
4.5 Area and Timing
5 Experiment
5.1 Kernel Function
5.2 Application
6 Conclusion and Future Work

[1] MAD (MPEG Audio Decoder) Website. http://www.underbit.com/products/mad/,
2002.
[2] ARM DUI 0064C. ARM Developer Suite Version 1.1 Getting Start. ARM Limited, 1.1 edition, 2000.
[3] K. Brandenburg and H. Popp. An introduction to MPEG Layer-3. EBU TECHNICAL
REVIEW, June 2000.
[4] Tae Hoon Hwang Young Cheol Park Dae Hee Youn Hyu Ha Lee, Keun Sub Lee. An
architecture and implementation of MPEG audio layer III decoder using dual-core DSP. IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, 47(4):928—933, November 2000.
[5] ISO/IEC JTC1/SC29/WG11 MPEG, IS11172-3. CODING OF MOVING PICTURES
AND ASSOCIATED AUDIO FOR DIGITAL STORAGE MEDIA AT UP TO ABOUT 1.5 MBIT/s, Part 3 AUDIO, 1992.
[6] Dae Hee Youn Keun-Sup Lee, Young Cheol Park. Software Optimization of the MPEGAudio Decoder Using a 32-Bit MCU RISC Processor. IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, 48(3):671—676, August 2002.
[7] Szu-Wei Lee. Improved Algorithm for Efficient Computation of the Forward and Backward MDCT in MPEG Audio Coder. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems, 48(10):990—994, October 2001.
[8] Yi-Ting Lin. Design and Analysis of low power/low cost MP3 Audio Decoder System,2004.
[9] Peter Noll. MPEG Digital Audio Coding Standards. CRC Press LLC, 1999.
[10] Dalsoo Kim Sekyoung Hong and Minkyu Song. A Low Power Full Accuracy MPEGl
Audio Layer III (MP3) Decoder with On-Chip Data Converters. IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, 46(3):903—906, August 2000.