臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本篇論文是利用多細胞訊號交叉區域的觀念，去設計一套満足於無障礙環境 (Line of Sight, LOS) 下之無線區域網路 (Wireless Local Area Network, WLAN) 定位法架構。
由先前有關無線網路定位法的研究得知，若是利用接收訊號強度 (Received Signal Strength, RSS) 之定位技術，會有在收集訊號強度值的過程非常冗長且費時、費力之狀況。但在本論文的設計理念是：希望只需收集數點的訊號強度值即可用於定位作業上。
在定位準確度不差的情形下，可以節省非常多的時間與提昇定位的靈活度。

The ability to accurately locate a mobile user is the key to provide Location Based Services. For GSM/DCT networks, the location of the mobile user can be accurately determined using cell ID, time difference, RSS parameters. Among them, the time difference parameter combined with multi-call overlapping zone technique has proved to be almost as accurate as the GPS technique.
For WLAN, only the RSS techniques are feasible due to the time accuracy of the computer devices. In this thesis, the concept of multi-cell signals overlapping zone is combined with RSS technique to locate a mobile user in WLAN network. An accurate WLAN locating method that is suitable for Line of Sight (LOS) environment is developed in this thesis.

摘要 iv
Abstract v
圖目錄 iii
表目錄 v
第一章 序論 1
1.1 前言 1
1.2 研究動機與目的 2
1.3 論文架構 3
第二章 定位方法介紹 4
2.1 前言 4
2.2 行動電話定位方法簡介 7
2.2.1 Angle of Arrival (AOA) 定位法 7
2.2.2 Time of Arrival (TOA) 定位法 9
2.2.3 Time Difference of Arrival (TDOA) 定位法 10
2.2.4 Received Signal Strength (RSS) 定位法 11
2.3 利用接收訊號強度定位法 12
2.3.1 RADAR: Euclidean distance measure 定位法 12
2.3.2 RADAR: Multiple Nearest Neighbors 定位法 14
2.3.3 利用Pass Loss Model定位法 15
2.3.4 利用Curve fitting 定位法 16
第三章 無線區域網路基地台訊號強度衰減模型 18
3.1 前言 18
3.2 無線電波的特性 19
3.2.1 無線電波的傳播特性 19
3.2.2 無線電波的傳播方式 21
3.2.3 無線電波訊號的衰減 22
3.3 無線區域網路基地台與無線網路卡間訊號強度接收之關係 24
3.3.1 前言 24
3.3.2 利用實驗探討WLAN AP與無線網路卡間訊號強度接收之關係 24
3.3.3 結論 28
3.4 建立無線區域網路基地台訊號衰減模型 29
3.4.1 前言 29
3.4.2 實驗內容 29
3.4.3 無線區域網路基地台置於開放式環境之訊號衰減模型 31
3.4.4 無線區域網路基地台置於隧道式環境於牆角之訊號衰減模型 32
3.4.5 無線區域網路基地台置於隧道式環境於牆壁之訊號衰減模型 33
3.4.6 無線區域網路基地台置於隧道式環境於空地之訊號衰減模型 34
第四章 利用多細胞訊號交叉定位法 35
4.1 利用多細胞訊號交叉定位法架構流程圖分析 35
4.1.1 前置作業 36
4.1.2 實際量測作業 36
4.1.3 定位作業 37
4.2 利用多細胞訊號交叉定位法 38
4.3 利用多細胞訊號交叉定位法與一般使用Curve Fitting定位法之差異 39
第五章 定位實驗 41
5.1 前言 41
5.2 開放式環境地形實驗 41
5.3 隧道式環境地形實驗 48
第六章 結論 56
參考資料 57
附錄A 產品規格表 60
附錄B 開放式環境定位實驗結果圖 63
附錄C 隧道式環境定位實驗結果圖 83

[1]P. Bahl and V. N. Padmanabhan, “RADAR: An In-Building RF-based User Location and Tracking System”, Proc. IEEE Infocom 2000, Tel Aviv, Israel, March 2000.
[2]A. Kotanen, M. Hannikinen, H. Leppakoski, T. D. Hamalainen, “Positioning with IEEE 802.11b Wireless LAN,” The 14th IEEE 2003 International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communication Proceedings. Finland, 2003.
[3]R. Want, A. Hopper, V. Falcao and J. Gibbons, “The Active Badge Location System”, ACM Transactions on Information Systems, Vol. 40, No.1, pp. 91-102, January 1992.
[4]林漢昌，“電波傳播特性及其對無線通訊之影響”，中科院無線通訊網站。 http://www.wice.com.tw 。
[5]游舒偉，“無線區域網路室內定位之研究”，國立台灣科技大學機械工程研究所碩士論文。台北，2002.
[6]P. Enge, and P. Misra, “Special Issue on GPS: The Global Position System,” Proc. of the IEEE, pp. 3-172, January 1999.
[7]S. Y. Seidel, T. S. Rapport, “914 MHz path loss prediction Model for Indoor Wireless Communications in Multi-floored buildings,” IEEE Trans. on Antennas & Propagation, Feb. 1992.
[8]歐庭嘉，“無線電系統於列車及平交道防護之研究”，國立中山大學電機工程學系研究所碩士論文，pp.17-19，2001 六月。
[9]S. R. Saunders, “Antennas and Propagation for Wireless Communication System”, John Wiley & Sons, 1999.
[10]陳政裕，“Mobile Location for GSM System” 義守大學電子工程系。碩士畢業論文，pp.15-22，2003 六月。
[11]John C. Stein, “Indoor Radio WLAN Performance Part II: Range Performance in a Dense Office Environment”, Intersil Corporation, 2001.
[12]J. Hightower and G. Borriello, “SpotON: An Indoor 3D Location Sensing Technology Based on RF Signal Strength”, University of Washington Computer Science and Engineering Seattle, UW CSE Technical Report #2000-02-02, February 18, 2000.
[13]H. Maass, “Location-Aware Mobile Application Based on Directory Services”, MobiCom ’97, pp. 23-33, September 1997.
[14]G. J. Nelson, “Context-Aware and Location Systems”, Ph. D. Thesis, University of Cambridge, Computer Lab., UK., Jan. 1998.
[15]J. Small, A. Smailagic & D. Siewiorerk, “Determining User Location for Context Aware Computing Through the Use of a Wireless LAN Infrastructure.” December 2000.
[16]K. Kaemarungsi & P. Krishnamurthy, “Properties of Indoor Received Signal Strength for WLAN Location Fingerprinting”, Proceedings of the First Annual International Conference on Mobile and Ubiquitous System: Networking and Services (MobiQuitous’ 04), 2004 IEEE.
[17]Y. Chen & H. Kobayashi, “Signal Strength Based Indoor Geolocation”. The New Jersey Center for Wireless Telecommunications. 2002 IEEE.
[18]R. H. Jan & Y. R. Lee, “An Indoor Geolocation System for Wireless LANs”, Proceedings of the 2003 International Conference on Parallel Proceeding Workshops (ICPPW’03). 2003 IEEE.
[19]M. Youssef & A. Agrawala, “Small-Scale Compensation for WLAN Location Determination Systems”, 2003 IEEE.
[20]S. Ganu, A. S. Krishnakumar & P. Krishnan, “Infrastructure-based Location Estimation in WLAN Networks”, WCNC, 2004 IEEE Communications Society.
[21]T. P. Deasy & W. G. Scanlon, “Stepwise Refinement for Predication of User Location Using Receive Signal Strength Indication in Infrastructure WLANs”, 2003 IEEE.
[22]A.Taheri, A. Singh & E. Agu, “Location Fingerprinting on Infrastructure 802.11 Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs) Using Locus”, Proceedings of the 29th Annual IEEE International Conference on Local Computer Networks (LCN’04), 2004 IEEE.
[23]C. L. Wu, L. Chen & F. Lian, “WLAN Location Determination on e-Home via Support Vector Classification”, Proceedings of the 2004 IEEE International Conference on Networking, Sensing & Control. Taipei, Taiwan, March 21-23, 2004.
[24]D. Pandya, R. Jain & E. Lupu, “Indoor Location Estimation Using Multiple Wireless technologies”, The 14th IEEE 2003 International Symposium on Personal Indoor and Mobile Radio Communication Proceedings, 2003 IEEE.
[25]S. Saha, K. Chaudhuri, D. Sanghi & P. Bhagwat, “Location Determination of a Mobile Device Using IEEE 802.11b Access Point Signals”, 2003 IEEE.
[26]M. A. Youseef, A. Agrawala & A. U. Shankar, “WLAN Location Determination via Clustering and Probability Distributions”, Proceedings of the First IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications (PerCom’03), 2003 IEEE.