臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

童妮摩里森的第五本小說<<寵兒>>充滿了各式「移置」的意象。本論文探討摩里森如何在本書中巧妙的運用移置的各種象徵意義。第一章呈現奴隸敘事與<<寵兒>>裡關於黑人離散的描寫。離散經驗是移置的一種形式，往往導致人們的自我認同危機。本章也包含摩里森如何藉由回顧奴隸經驗，重現黑人離散的歷史，以傳達她對於黑人文化永續傳承的期望，對非裔美人與販奴白人共謀的譴責，並提醒黑人應當重視他們的重要文化遺產--黑人社群。第二章討論移置對書中主角心理上的影響。移置的經驗造成人們的一種無處可容身之感，無家之感，以及身分認同危機。第三章介紹書中主角寵兒在文中的作用。她在生與死，過去與現在之間的來回飄蕩，使得她可被視為移置概念的具體化身。精神分析學家溫尼考特的客體關係理論提供了一詳盡的框架，用以檢視寵兒的自我重建過程。她重返人世間以建立一獨立的身分，具體展現了同樣在傷痛過往中被強行抹去身分者的共同渴望。本章也試著以佛洛伊德的觀點來探討寵兒對其他人物的影響。佛洛伊德把移置視為夢的運作中一項自發的檢查機制，人們以此壓抑不愉快的記憶。身為傷痛記憶的化身，寵兒一再的挑起其他人物面對自己壓抑已久的過去。她迫使人們面對傷痛，但也漸漸的治癒人們的創傷。

This thesis examines Toni Morrison’s effective use of displacement as the central trope of her fifth novel, Beloved. Chapter One presents historical accounts from slave narratives concerning black diaspora, a form of displacement, and its traumatizing effects on slaves’ sense of self. Morrison employs the history of black diaspora as a major subject in Beloved to convey her ideas about the continuity of African-American history, her critique of African-American complicity with the enslaving whites and her emphasis on the value of black community. Chapter Two analyzes the psychological consequences of displacement. Experiences of displacement lead to the characters’ sense of placelessness, homelessness and their identity crises. Chapter Three introduces the multiple functions of the character Beloved. As an embodiment of displacement, Beloved moves back and forth between death and life. D. W. Winnicott’s object-relation theory provides a basis for informative notions of Beloved’s identity development. Her returning to life in order to develop an identity represents the collective longing of people who have been previously deprived of their identities. The Freudian theory of displacement as a censorship mechanism of dream work helps to explain how Beloved, as an incarnation of the painful past, triggers other characters’ confrontations with their pasts as part of the healing process.

Acknowledge………………………………………………………………….
Chinese Abstract………………………………………………………………
Abstract………………………………………………………………………..
Introduction……………………………………………………………………1
Chapter I. Historical Displacement: The Effects of Black Diaspora……….8
A. Black Diaspora in Slave Narratives ……………................................8
B. Black Diaspora in Beloved ………………………………………....14
Chapter II. Symbolic Displacement: Psychological Consequences of Displacement…………………………………………………………………..24
A. Crowdedness…………………………………..................................24
B. Identity Crises………………………………………………………..35
C. Homelessness………………………………………………..……….44
D. The Roles of Displacement in Other Ethnic Groups…………..……......49
Chapter III. The Functions of Beloved…………………………………….......54
A. An Embodiment of Displacement………………………….…………..54
1. Theoretical Introduction…….…………………………………........56
2. Beloved’s Identity Development ………………………....................62
B. An Embodiment of the Haunting Past……………………………..........66
1. Theoretical Introduction ………………………………………........66
2. Paul D and the Problem of Manhood……………………………….68
3. The Guilt of the Townswomen ………..……………………….........70
4. The Unspeakable Past………………………………………….......71
Conclusion……………………………………………………...……..................74
Works Cited……………………………………………..……………………….77

Primary Works
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Equiano, Olaudah. The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano or Gustavus Vassa, The African. Ed. Henry Louis Gates Jr. The Classic Slave Narratives. New York: Penguin Books, 1987. 1-182.
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