臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

護腕為滑板、滑雪等運動常見的防護設備，但是由於護腕的結構因素，仍有穿戴護腕者，超過一半以上因跌倒而仍然使手腕關節受傷害。因此本研究的目的在於以實際的人體向前跌倒方式，求得生物力學參數，進行評估不同護腕支撐材質的設計、不同的手肘策略與不同的跌落高度，對於地面衝擊力的吸收與上肢關節力的影響，以提供最佳之護腕設計。
本研究受測者為10位無肌肉骨骼方面疾病之年輕健康男性，以自製的懸吊系統模擬向前跌倒，使用動作分析系統(VICON460)包括六架CCD攝影機與一塊測力板(AMTI)以及加速規，用以同步擷取人體動作軌跡、地面反作用力與手掌背面加速規資料，分析比較1.不同護腕支撐材質包括赤手(Bare)、護腕夾板(Guard)、護墊置入護腕夾板內(In)與護腕移除手掌夾板，並將護墊附著於護腕外側(Out)；2.不同策略包括手臂伸直與手臂彎曲；3.不同跌落高度包括4公分與8公分跌落高度等三個參數，對向前跌倒時人體運動、地面衝擊力、關節受力與振動頻域資料之影響。
實驗結果發現跌落高度增加，各狀態之地面反作用之峰值與負荷率、加速度峰值、地面反作用力頻域資料、肘關節之三軸力量與肘關節內外展力矩皆明顯增加。跌落時手臂自然彎曲能減少第一峰值，並且能延遲第一峰值發生時間，並且手臂彎曲時屈曲伸展力矩與內外轉力矩明顯大於手臂伸直之值。所有狀態下，In與Out狀態具有較佳吸收衝擊力效果。所以本研究之結論為降低跌落高度、使用In或Out之護腕形式，並幫助手臂彎曲策略運用，可以降低地面衝擊力，達到減少上肢傷害。

Wrist guards are one of the protective devices widely used for preventing from a distal radius fracture during in-line skating and snowboard-related activities. However, more than half of the people wearing wrist guards sustained a fracture of the wrist on forward falls. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the three factors, materials of wrist guard, fall heights and arrest strategies on impact force during forward fall by the biomechanical experiments.
Ten physically healthy male subjects volunteered for this investigation. None had ever suffered from upper extremity injuries or disorders. Trajection of human motion, ground reaction force (GRF) and acceleration (ACC) on the palm were collected using Motion Analysis System (VICON 460 and ATMI) from a self-established releasing system. Joint motion and force, GRF and ACC with respect to time and frequency domains were then analyzed for effects of three independent parameters on impact force during forward falls. The first parameter is the material of wrist guard including bare hand (Bare), common wrist guard (Guard), wrist guard with insole outside (Out) and wrist guard removing splint below with insole (In). The second parameter is the arrest strategy including elbow extended and flexed. The third parameter is fall height including 4cm and 8 cm above force plate.
The results of this study were as follows. The impact force, loading rate, peak value of ACC, and peak joint forces of elbow and abduction moment significantly increased as the increase of fall height. The strategy of elbow flexed could attenuate the peak GRF and delay the time of peak impact force. The extension moment of elbow in elbow flexied significantly increased than that in elbow extended. In the effect of materials, the GRF, loading rate and peak value of ACC with Out and In decreased significantly than those with Bare and Guard. The conclusion is that lower falling height, using wrist guard with a compliant pad (In or Out) and using the strategy of elbow flexed will decrease the impact force and the risk of injury of upper extremity.

摘 要 I
英文摘要 II
誌 謝 III
目錄 IV
圖目錄 VI
表目錄 VIII
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 研究背景 1
1.2研究動機與目的 1
1.3 研究架構 2
第二章 文獻探討 4
2.1 向前跌倒相關文獻回顧 4
2.2 護腕相關文獻回顧 6
2.3 吸收地面衝擊力效果的評估方法相關文獻回顧 8
第三章 研究方法 10
3.1 實驗對象與設備 10
3.1.1 受測者基本資料 10
3.1.2 實驗設備 11
3.2 理論分析 14
3.2.1實驗假設 15
3.2.2 運動學之運算流程 15
3.2.3 動力學之運算流程 16
3.2.4 頻譜轉換之計算 17
3.3 實驗流程與步驟 19
3.4 資料處理與分析 21
第四章 研究結果 23
4.1地面反作力 23
4.1.1跌落高度的影響 24
4.1.2手肘策略的影響 27
4.1.3支撐材質的影響 28
4.2加速度 35
4.2.1跌落高度的影響 35
4.2.2手肘策略的影響 38
4.2.3支撐材質的影響 38
4.3腕關節角度 41
4.4肘關節動力學結果 43
4.4.1跌落高度的影響 47
4.4.2手肘策略的影響 49
4.4.3支撐材質的影響 51
第五章 討論與結論 53
5.1討論 53
5.1.1跌落高度的影響 53
5.1.2手肘策略的影響 54
5.1.3支撐材質的影響 55
5.2結論 57
5.3未來發展 58
參考文獻 59
附錄A 63

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