摘要
發展新的事業概念或模式、安排新的經濟組織等行為，一直以來都是台灣集團企業為了追永續成長、提升競爭力所普遍採行的模式。而由實際的數據來觀察，不論母集團投入資源的多寡，新生的組織有高達六成的比例會失敗。因此本研究欲探討的是：究竟集團新創事業的創業績效會受到哪些因素的影響。
根據研究的目的，本文首先回顧過去相關文獻，釐清關於資源與績效之關係。接著延續過去學者的研究，提出本研究之假說，認為集團新創事業的創業績效與資源間的關係，會受到新創事業單位的創業導向與創業計劃的影響。
本研究以問卷的方式，針對台灣集團的新創事業為對象進行調查。經過統計分析瞭解台灣集團新創事業之資源基礎、創業導向、創業計劃的傾向，以及這些構面和新事業的創業績效間之關係。
根據回收資料的分析結果，本研究的發現如下：
(1) 相對於資產資源，知識資源的投入對集團新創事業績效更有幫助。
(2) 集團新創事業的創業導向強弱程度，對於知識資源、資產資源與績效間的關係有干擾效果。
(3) 集團新創事業創業計劃的完整度，對於知識資源與績效間的關係具有干擾效果；而在資產資源受到控制的狀況下，創業計劃也會對績效出現干擾的趨勢。
(4) 對集團新創事業而言，創業導向的調節效果高於創業計劃。

Abstract
For the purpose of keeping growth and enhancing competitive edge, the most common ways adopted by the Taiwan business groups were to develop new business conceptions or models、 to arrange new economy organizations. The experiential data manifest the truth that no mater how much resources the parent company were invested, there are over sixty percent of new ventures fail to success. This study tries to explore the factors which will have impact on the performance of the new ventures of Taiwan business groups.
Reviewing relative literatures, this study delineate the relationship between the resources endowment and the performance of new ventures. In addition to the past studies, we supposed that the degree of entrepreneurial orientation of the entrepreneurial team and the comprehension of business plan both have moderate effect on the relationship between resources and performance of the new venture of Taiwan business groups.
This study employed survey method, sending a structured questionnaire to the project team of the new ventures of Taiwan business groups to collect the data about the tendency of entrepreneurial orientation、business plan, resource endowment and performance of these new ventures.
According to the results of data analysis, this study found:
(1) To the new ventures of Taiwan business groups, the knowledge resource will have more impact on their performance than the asset resources do.
(2) There will be moderate effect of the degree of entrepreneurial orientation on the relationship between resources and performance of the new ventures of Taiwan business groups.
(3) There will be moderate effect of the comprehension of business plan on the relationship between knowledge resource and performance, and when asset resources are under control, the comprehension of business plan will have significant impact on the performance.
(4) To the new ventures of Taiwan business groups, the entrepreneurial orientation has much more moderate effect on the performance than the comprehension of business plan does

目 錄
第壹章 緒 論 1
第一節 研究背景 1
第二節 研究動機 2
第三節 研究目的 4
第四節 研究流程 5
第貳章　文獻回顧 6
第一節 組織創業文獻 6
一、創業精神與組織創業 6
二、集團新創事業的意涵和動機 8
三、組織創業分類 10
第二節 知識資源與資產 14
一、資源基礎理論觀點 14
二、資源分類 17
三、知識資源與資產 19
第三節 創業導向 23
一、創業精神與創業導向 24
二、企業層次的創業導向 26
第四節 創業計劃 31
一、創業計劃定義 31
二、創業計劃有用與否 34
第五節 創業績效 39
一、績效之定義 39
二、創業績效的衡量 40
第六節 組織資源、創業導向、創業計劃與經營績效的關係 41
一、組織資源與創業績效的關係 41
二、創業導向與經營績效的關係 42
三、創業計劃與創業績效的關係 43
四、資源基礎、創業導向與創業計劃對經營績效之關係 43
第參章　研究架構與研究設計 44
第一節 研究架構 44
第二節 研究假說與研究程序 45


第三節 研究變項與操作性定義之衡量 48
一、知識資源 48
二、資產 49
三、 創業導向 49
四、創業計劃 51
五、創業績效 53
第四節 研究樣本與問卷設計 54
一、研究樣本之選擇 54
二、問卷設計 55
第五節 資料分析方法 56
一、敘述性統計分析 56
二、因素分析 56
三、集群與變異數分析 56
四、二因子變異數分析 57
第六節 問卷回收與樣本分布 57
一、問卷回收 57
二、樣本結構分佈 57
第肆章 研究結果 60
第一節 各構面之信度檢定 60
一、資源 60
二、創業導向 61
三、創業計畫 62
四、創業績效 63
五、小結 64
第二節 各研究構面之統計敘述分析 65
一、資源 65
二、創業導向 66
三、 創業計畫 68
四、 創業績效 71
第三節 資源對績效之分析 73
一、知識資源 73
二、 資產資源 73
三、變異數分析 74
第四節 資源、創業導向、創業計劃與績效之關係 75
一、創業導向 75
二、創業計劃 80
第五節 研究假設之檢定結果彙整 83
第伍章 結論與建議 84
第一節 研究結論 84
第二節 理論與實務意涵 86
一、理論意涵 86
二、實務意涵 87
第三節 研究限制 88
一、樣本選擇的限制 88
二、問卷填答者的限制 89
三、績效衡量限制 89
四、生存偏誤(survival bias) 89
第四節 後續研究建議 89
一、 研究樣本方面 89
二、 績效指標方面 90
三、 研究變數方面 90
參考文獻 91
一、 中文部分 91
二、 英文部分 92
三、 網站部份 96
附錄：本研究問卷 97

表目錄
表1-1 歷年收錄集團企業擁有分子企業家數變動表 2
表2-1 以控制權和所有權區分組織創業行為 10
表2-2 資源的內涵 19
表2-3 創業學派的定義 25
表3-1 知識資源操作性定義及問項 48
表3-2 資產操作性定義及問項 49
表3-3 創業導向操作性定義及問項 50
表3-4 創業計劃操作性定義及問項 51
表3-5 創業績效操作性定義及問項 53
表3-6 問卷回收率 57
表3-7 回收樣本產業分佈 58
表3-8 回收樣本資本額分佈 58
表3-9 回收樣本營業額分佈 59
表3-10 填答者創業相關經驗 59
表4-1 知識資源構面信度分析 60
表4-2 資產資源構面信度分析 61
表4-3 創業導向構面信度分析 61
表4-4 創業計劃構面信度分析 62
表4-5 創業績效構面信度分析 63
表4-6 各構面因素之傾向程度 64
表4-7 資源構面敘述性統計 66
表4-8 創業導向構面敘述性統計 68
表4-9 創業計劃構面敘述性統計 70
表4-10 創業績效重視度與滿意度敘述性統計 71
表4-11 創業績效整體得分敘述性統計 72
表4-12 不同集群在知識資源之差異分析 73
表4-13 不同集群在資產資源之差異分析 74
表4-14 知識資源、資產資源對績效之差異分析 74
表4-15 不同集群在創業導向之平均值差異 76
表4-16 創業導向、知識資源間效應項之檢定 77
表4-17 創業導向、資產資源間效應項之檢定 78
表4-18 不同集群在創業計劃之平均值差異 80

表4-19 創業計劃、知識資源間效應項之檢定 81
表4-20創業計劃、資產資源間效應項之檢定 82
表4-21 研究假說檢定結果表 83



圖目錄
圖1-1 研究流程圖 5
圖2-1 創業精神分類 8
圖2-2 多角化進入模式 11
圖2-3 創業策略光譜 13
圖2-4 新創事業組織設計 14
圖2-5 分析模式的區別 15
圖2-6 組織層次之創業導向觀念性模式 27
圖2-7 創業導向之觀念性架構 28
圖3-1 研究架構圖 44
圖4-1 創業導向、知識資源剖面圖 77
圖4-2 創業導向、資產資源剖面圖 79
圖4-3 創業計劃、知識資源剖面圖 81
圖4-4 創業計劃、資產資源剖面圖 82

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三、 網站部份
洪鉛財，(2002，4)。從失業現象看我國青年創業與創新平台之建立。
國家政策論壇[On-line]。Available: http://www.npf.org.tw/monthly/00204/
theme-028.htm