臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

目前學校機關的公文數量相當龐大，大多數的公文檢索系統仍然採用關鍵字比對方式，導致公文需求者經常無法精確取得公文資料。本研究目的是運用知識本體概念，提出公文檢索系統的語意分析機制，讓使用者可以正確取得符合需求的公文資料，有效提昇學校行政效率與知識件的管理。
本研究設計的檢索系統包括前置處理、公文知識本體、搜尋引擎等三部份。使用者藉由介面與系統直接進行互動。知識本體是以檔案管理局制定的學校機關檔案分類表建置在Protégé-2000知識本體開發平台。搜尋引擎於公文知識本體中找出與檢索詞相同意義的詞彙，並且把檢索詞轉換成同義詞所屬的分類號，取代使用者輸入的檢索詞，再以SQL語法對資料庫進行搜尋。
本研究建置的公文語意檢索系統，具體貢獻如下：(1)以知識本體為基礎的公文搜尋機制，使系統檢索層次從「字串搜尋」提昇到「語意搜尋」，因此公文需求者可以更精確的取得公文服務；(2)發文者於上傳公文時，輸入該份公文中具代表性的詞彙作為索引詞，可以提昇往後系統的查詢速度；(3)當公文跨越兩個以上類別時，除了原本的分類號，可以再賦予其他次分類號，以利找出跨類別的公文資料。本研究以實驗評估結果驗證所設計的系統架構有其合理性，確實能有效提昇公文檢索的準確度。

關鍵字：知識本體、學校機關檔案分類表、檢索系統、語意搜尋、索引詞

At present, the numbers of school’s archives are still enormous. Most of archival retrieval system are yet limited in keywords matching method and will lead the inexact document data which user need. The purpose of this study is to propose a semantic analysis schema of archival retrieval system based on ontology concept. This could help the user to obtain the needed data precisely, up raising the efficiency of school administration and the management of knowledgeable archives.
The designs of archival retrieval system are including three parts. They are pre-process, archival ontology, search engine. The user directly interacts with the system by interface. Besides, the ontology is established by the National Archives Administration of school institution file classification table in Protégé-2000 ontology development platform. The search engine will find out the phrase, its meaning is the same as retrieval term, further transforming the retrieval term into category number which belongs to synonym, and then using SQL syntax for database searching.
The concrete contributions of proposed archival retrieval system are as follows: (1) The archival retrieval schema based on ontology, raise up the system retrieval level from string search to semantic search. Therefore, users can get archival services more precisely. (2) As uploading archives, users could input the representative phrase for index term in the archive and increase the searching speed. (3) When the archive crosses two categories simultaneously, we can add another sub-category numbers in order to discover the archive data crosses categories. The system we proposed are appraised for verifying its rationality and the results show it surely could effectively promote the accuracy of archival retrieve.

Keywords: Ontology, School Institution File Classification Table, Retrieval System, Semantic Search, Index Term

封面內頁
簽名頁
授權書 iii
中文摘要 iv
英文摘要 v
誌謝 vii
目錄 viii
圖目錄 x
表目錄 xii

第一章 緒論 1
1.1 研究背景 1
1.2 研究動機 3
1.3 研究目的 4
1.4 研究範圍與限制 6
1.5 研究流程 7
1.6 論文架構 9
第二章 相關文獻探討 10
2.1 十進分類法 10
2.2 學校機關檔案分類表 11
2.3 知識本體(Ontology) 14
2.3.1 知識本體的沿革 14
2.3.2 知識本體的定義 16
2.3.3 為何需要知識本體 18
2.3.4 知識本體的種類 19
2.3.5 知識本體語言 20
2.4 語意網 (Semantic Web) 24
第三章 系統需求分析 26
3.1 使用者需求分析 26
3.2 系統需求模型 31
3.2.1 系統架構 31
3.2.2 系統特色 36
第四章 系統核心架構的設計 37
4.1 搜尋引擎 38
4.2 知識本體(Ontology) 42
4.3 公文資料庫 45
第五章 系統實作與效能評估 47
5.1 系統開發工具與環境 47
5.2 系統介面與功能 48
5.3 系統效能評估 56
5.3.1 評估結果 57
第六章 結論與未來展望 60
6.1 研究貢獻 60
6.2 未來研究方向 61
參考文獻 62
附錄 學校機關檔案分類表 68

[1] 企業對知識管理的認知，資策會MIC經濟部專案，2001。
[2] 宋瓊玲，“從知識組織的面向探討圖書館資訊服務”，國立中央圖書館台灣分館館刊第八卷第一期，頁29-37。
[3] 竺一鳴、高蘊琦、梅家駒，同義詞詞林，1993，台北市，東華書局。
[4] 林光龍、歐陽彥正，“佛教知識庫的建立”，佛教圖書館館訊第32期，2002。頁41-54。
[5] 林信成、歐陽慧、歐陽崇榮，“主題地圖及其在索引典之應用”，2003年資訊科技與圖書館學術研討會，頁229-253。
[6] 林俊佑，“在數位圖書館多代理人系統中以本體論為基礎的內容檢索”，清華大學資訊工程系，碩士論文，2001。
[7] 傅佩榮，哲學入門，1993，台北市，中正出版社。
[8] 檔案管理局，檔案分類編案規範，http://www.archives.gov.tw/
internet/c_law2_rule2.aspx
[9] 檔案管理局，機關檔案編目規範，http://www.archives.gov.tw/
internet/c_law2_rule3.aspx
[10]檔案管理局，學校參考例示，http://www.archives.gov.tw/inter
net/c_index_download_file.aspx?download_sid=356
[11]檔案管理局，機關檔案管理作業示意圖，http://www.archives.
gov.internet/c_law_handbook_2.aspx
[12]http://catweb.ncl.edu.tw/4-1-b8.htm
[13]http://www.lib.ncu.edu.tw/book/n35/35_2_3.htm
[14]A. Celetano, M. G. Fungini, S. Pozzi, “Knowledge-based retrieval of office documents,” in Proceedings of the 13th annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval, Sep. 1990, Brussels, Belgium, pp. 387-399.
[15]Alexander Maedche and Steffen Staab, “Ontology Learning for the Semantic Web,” IEEE Intelligent Systems, Vol. 16, No. 2, pp. 72-79, Mar/Apr 2001.
[16]B. Chandrasekaran, J. R. Josephson and V. R. Benjamins, “What are ontologies and why do we need them?,” IEEE Intelligent System, Vol. 14, No. 1, pp. 20-26, 1999.
[17]C. Welty and J. Jenkins, “Formal ontology for subject,” International Journal of Knowledge and Data Engineering, Vol. 31, No. 2, pp. 155-182, Jun. 1999.
[18]D. Brickley and R. V. Guha, “RDF Vocabulary Description Language 1.0: RDF Schema,” W3C Working Draft, Feb. 2004.
[19]D. Connolly, F. V. Harmelen, I. Horrork, D. L. McGuinness, P. F. Patel-Schneider and L. A. Stein, “DAML+OIL (March 2001) Reference Description,” W3C Working Draft, Dec. 2001.
[20]D. Fensel and M. L. Brodie, Ontologies: A Silver Bullet for Knowledge Management and Electronic Commerce. (2nd edition). New York: Springer-Verlag Inc, 2003.
[21]D. L. McGuinness and F. V. Harmelen, “OWL Web Ontology Language Overview,” W3C Working Draft, Feb. 2004.
[22]E. Miller, “Weaving Meaning: An Overview of The Semantic Web,” W3C Semantic Web Activity Lead, Jan. 2003.
[23]F. Manola and E. Miller, “RDF Primer,” W3C Recommendation, Feb. 2004.
[24]I. Niles, and A. Pease, “Linking Lexicons and Ontologies: Mapping WordNet to the Suggested Upper Merged Ontology,” in Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Information and Knowledge Engineering (IKE), Jun. 2003, Las Vegas, Nevada, pp. 23-26.
[25]J. Han and M. Kamber, Data Mining: Concepts and Techniques. New York: Morgan Kaufmann, 2001.
[26]J. Heflin, “OWL Web Ontology Language Use Cases and Requirements,” W3C Working Draft, Feb. 2004.
[27]J. Heflin and J. Hendler, “A Portrait of the Semantic Web in Action,” IEEE Intelligent Systems, Vol. 16, No. 2, pp. 54-59, Mar/Apr 2001.
[28]J. Hendler, “Agents and the Semantic Web,” IEEE Intelligent Systems, Vol. 16, No. 2, pp. 30-37, Mar/Apr 2001.
[29]Jhon Davies, Dieter Fensel and Frand van Harmelen, Towards The Semantic Web: ontology-driven knowledge management. England: John Wiley & Sons, Aug. 2003.
[30]M. M. Hasan, “A Spreading Activation Framework for Ontology-enhanced Adaptive Information Access within Organisations,” in Proceedings AAAI Spring Symposium on Agent Mediated Knowledge Management (AMKM), pp. 1-6, Mar. 2003, Californis, USA.
[31]M. Uschold, M. King, S. Moralee and Y. Zorgios. “The Enterprise Ontology,” The Knowledge Engineering Review, Vol. 13, No. 1, pp. 31-89, 1998. Special Issue on Putting Ontologies to Use.
[32]M. Ushold, and M. Gruninger, “Ontologies: Principles, Methods and Application,” Knowledge Engineering Review, Vol. 11, No. 2, pp. 6-14, Jun. 1996.
[33]N. F. Noy and D. L. McGuinness, “Ontology Development 101: A Guide to Creating Your First Ontology,” 2004. http://protege.stanford.edu/publications/ontology_development/ontology101.html
[34]N. Guarino, “Formal Ontology and Information Systems,” in Processing of the 1st International Conference on Ontology-driven information systems, Jun. 1998, Trento, Italy, pp. 3-15.
[35]O. Lassila and R. R. Swick, “Resource Description Framework(RDF) Model and Syntax Specification,” W3C Recommendation, Feb. 1999.
[36]P. Borst, H. Akkermans and J. Top, “Engineering Ontologies,” International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, Vol. 46, No. 2-3, pp.365-406, Feb. 1997.
[37]R. Fikes and D.L. McGuiness, “An Axiomatic Semantics for RDF, RDF-S, and DAML+OIL,” W3C Note, Dec. 2001.
[38]R. H. L. Chiang, C. E. H. Chua and V. C. Storey, “A smart web query method for semantic retrieval of web data,” Data & Knowledge engineering, Vol. 38, No. 1, pp. 63-84, Mar. 2001.
[39]S. Blackburn, The Oxford Dictionary of Philosophy. England: Oxford University Press, 1996.
[40]S. Decker, S. Melnik, F. V. Harmelenl, D. Fensel, M. Klein, J. Broekstra, M. Erdmann and I. Horrocks, “The Semantic Web: the Roles of XML and RDF,” IEEE Internet Computing, Vol. 4, No. 5, pp. 63-73, Sep/Oct 2000.
[41]Stanford Medical Informatics at the Stanford University School of Medicine, “Protégé 2000, ” Mar. 2004.
http://protege.stanford.edu
[42]SUMO (Suggested Upper Merged Ontology), 2005, http://ontology.teknowledge.com, http://www.ontologyportal.org
[43]T. Berners-Lee and M. Fischetti, Weaving the Web: The Original Design and Ultimate Destiny of the World Wide Web. (1st edition). San Francisco: HarperBusiness, 1999.
[44]T. Berners-Lee, J. Hendler and O. Lassila, “The Semantic Web,” Scientific American, May 2001.
[45]T. R. Gruber, “A translation approach to portable ontology
specifications,” Knowledge Acquisition, vol. 5, pp. 2-24, 1993.
[46]T. R. Gruber, “What is an ontology,” 1993, http://www-ksl.stanford.edu/kst/what-is-an-ontology.html