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研究生:陳文祥
研究生(外文):Wen- Hsiang Chen
論文名稱:洞察與知識的可能性──郎尼根的認知理論研究
論文名稱(外文):Insight and the Possibility of Knowledge:A study of Bernard Lonergan's Cognitional Theory
指導教授:柏殿宏柏殿宏引用關係關永中關永中引用關係
學位類別:博士
校院名稱:輔仁大學
系所名稱:哲學研究所
學門:人文學門
學類:哲學學類
論文種類:學術論文
論文出版年:2005
畢業學年度:93
語文別:中文
論文頁數:236
中文關鍵詞:洞察可被認知的未知認知結構經驗-理解-判斷事物實然的無條件客觀性能知與被知的異質同形
外文關鍵詞:insightknown-unknowncognitional structureexperience- understanding-judgmentthingvirtually unconditionedobjectivityisomorphism between knowing and the known
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  • 收藏至我的研究室書目清單書目收藏:2
知識論議題在當代哲學中越來越受到關注,在這個學術領域中,伯納‧郎尼根(1904-1984)正是最重要的人物之一。特別的是,郎尼根乃從二十世紀新士林哲學的實在論觀點來看待此一論題。本研究的主題在於描述和分析郎尼根認知理論中兩個核心的觀念:洞察與知識。進一步的目標則在於證成洞察與知識二者在人類認知中乃是真實存在的。為了更好的理解與清晰的探討,本研究分為兩篇:一、洞察的樞紐角色;二、知識的可能性加以討論。
第一篇聚焦於洞察的本質,其中包含以下的論題:(一)從具體例證討論這個「理解行動」的呈現;(二)從洞察的「事實」反省認知的結構並最終證明洞察在認知行為所承載的樞紐角色;(三)科學的發現歷程是一個凸顯認知「誘導性結構」的絕佳例證,因此這也是本論文第一篇中重要的討論要點。
第二篇包含以下論題:(一)從「意識」問題展開討論,其論旨在於意識乃伴隨認知過程而生,澄清此一問題有助於確認郎尼根的理論立場;(二)其次探討了「自我肯定為一認知者」的判斷,這個判斷在郎尼根的知識論中具有「突破性」的意涵;(三)存有與客觀性的關係是本論文另一個重要的論題,這個問題是將郎尼根的實在論做為整體觀察的核心步驟;(四)在第二部分的最後,我們從認知的觀點考察了某些在郎尼根作品中提到的形上學要素,並考察了人類的意義世界,本研究認為正是這些確保了人類心靈的真切性。
此一研究揭露了洞察為吾人認知過程一個意義重大的要素,更且洞察是歸屬於每一個具體的、獨立的個體,因此關於知識證成的獲致,最終同樣得經由每一個個體加以體認。
Epistemological issues are receiving more and more attention in contemporary philosophy. In this academic field, Bernard Lonergan (1904-1984) is one of the most influential figures, especially from the viewpoint of twentieth-century neo-scholasticism. The object of this study is to describe and analyze two central notions of his cognitional theory: insight and knowledge. A further goal is to demonstrate that both insight and knowledge in human knowing truly exist. In order to better understand and investigate clearly, this study is divided into two parts: (1) “the pivotal role of insight” and (2)“the possibility of knowledge”.
The first part focuses on the nature of Insight and includes the following. 1) Concrete examples are given of the performance of the “act of understanding” in human knowing. 2) The thesis moves the “fact” of insight to a reflection on the structure of knowing and finally a demonstration of the pivotal role of insight. 3) Scientific discovery is considered as a particular instance from which to work out the “heuristic structure” of knowing, that is one of the essential viewpoints in part І.
The second part involves following. 1) It begins with a discussion of “consciousness” which is concomitant with the knowing process. The purpose is to confirm Lonergan’s theory. 2) Next there is an investigation of the judgment of “self-affirmation as a knower”, this affirmation is a “break-through” in the epistemology of Lonergan. 3) The relationship between being and objectivity is explored, this is a central step in the study of realism as a whole. 4) The end of part II considers certain metaphysical elements from horizon of knowing as well as the world of meaning, which guarantees the authenticity of the human mind.
This study shows that the notion of insight is a significant factor in our knowing process and that insight belongs to every concrete, individual person. Thus the improvement of knowledge must be attended to by every single woman(man).
目 次
誌謝 i
中英文摘要 ii
緒論 1
第一篇 洞察的樞紐角色
第一章 洞察:實例與內涵 15
第一節 洞察的張力 16
一、 戲劇性的洞察事例 16
二、 洞察乃由探究的緊中放鬆 19
三、 「問題」的重要性 20
四、 洞察的擴展 23
第二節 洞察的精確化 25
一、圖象與概念 25
二、「定義」的意蘊 27
三、抽象作用 30
第三節 另類的洞察:經驗剩餘與反向洞察 37
一、 經驗剩餘 37
二、 反向洞察 40
第四節 結語 43
第二章 認知的結構與自我誘導 45
第一節 做為整體的認知結構 46
第二節 認知的誘導性方法 52
第三節 科學發現的自我誘導結構 59
第四節 結語 64
第三章 誘導性結構與世界觀 65
第一節 古典科學的探究法 66
第二節 統計科學的探究法 77
第三節 古典與統計誘導性結構的比較 83
第四節 由系統與非系統過程所延伸的世界觀 86
第五節 結語 94
第四章 對事物的認知 97
第一節 認知的深化 98
一、 主體面的認知模式 99
二、 作為客體的事物之兩重意義 102
第二節 經驗配對與解釋配對 106
第三節 認知的發展 109
第四節 結語 113
第二篇 知識的可能性
第五章 意識面的澄清 119
第一節 意識與認知活動 121
一、 意識的一般觀念 122
二、 意識是內在於認知活動的一種意會 124
第二節 從對反中澄清 131
一、 認知與向內觀看 131
二、 認知與向外觀看 134
第三節 郎尼根的認知論立場 138
第四節 結語 143
第六章 認知者的自我肯定判斷 145
第一節 判斷作為認知階段 146
第二節 判斷的意義──實然的無條件 153
第三節 自我肯定為知者 159
第四節 結語 164
第七章 存有與認知的客觀性 165
第一節 關於存有的初步觀察 166
第二節 存有與意向性 170
一、 存有的定義 170
二、 意向性作用 174
第三節 認知的客觀性 178
第四節 結語 186
第八章 知識的開放性 189
第一節 論題:回顧與解釋 189
第二節 能知與所知的異質同形 192
一、 概念的澄清 192
二、 能知與被知者的異質同形 195
三、 朱熹的見解 202
第三節 意義的世界 205
第四節 結語 209
結論: 一些評語 211
l 參考著作 219
l 附錄:中英譯名對照 229
外文部分
一、郎尼根原著
Lonergan, Bernard J. F. Insight: A Study of Human Understanding, (London: Longmans, Green & Co., 1957; London: Longman & Todd, reprinted, 1958);revised and augments in Collected Works of Bernard Lonergan, Vol. 3. F. E. Crowe, SJ, & R. M. Doran, ed.(Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1992)
────, Collection: Papers by Bernard Lonergan, SJ. F. E. Crowe, SJ, ed.(New York: Herder and Herder, 1967)
────,Grace and Freedom: Operative Grace in the Thought of St. Thomas Aquinas, J. P. Burns. ed.(London: Darton, Longman & Todd; New York: Herder and Herder, 1971)
────, Method in Theology,(New York: Herder and Herder, 1972)
────, A Second Collection, F. Ryan and Tyrrell. ed.(Philadelphia: Westminster Press, 1974)
────, A Third Collection, Fred Crowe. ed.(New York: Paulist Press and Geoffrey Chapman: New York/Mahwah and London, 1985)
────, The Lonergan Reader, Edited by Mark D. Morelli and Elizabeth A. Morelli (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1997)
────, Understanding and Being: An Introduction and Comparison to Insight, Collected Works of Bernard Lonergan, Elizabeth A. Morelli and Mark D. Morelli. ed. (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1990)
────, Verbum: Word and Idea in Aquinas, Collected Works of Bernard Lonergan, Vol. 2. F. E. Crowe, SJ, & R. M. Doran, ed.(Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1997)
二、直接論述郎尼根思想之著作
Braio, Frank Paul, Lonergan’s Retrieval of the Notion of Human Being: Clarification of the reflection on the Argument of Insight, CH. I-XVII (Lanham: University Press of America, 1988)
Budernholzer, Frank E. “Science and Religion: Seeking a Common Horizon”, Zygon: Journal of Religion and Science, vol. 19, no 3, Sept. 1984, pp. 351-368.
────, “Some Comments on The Problem of Reductionism in The Contemporary Physical Science”, Zygon, Vol. 38, no 1, March 2003, pp. 61-69.
────, “What is Life–Current Scientific and Philosophical Perspectives”, International Conference on Cosmology: Religious and Scientific Perspectives,(Fu-Jen University, Nov. 2004)
Corcoran, Patrick(ed.) Looking at Lonergan's Method, (Dublin : Talbot Press, 1975)
Crowe, Frederick E.(ed.)Spirit as Inquiry: Studies in Honor of Bernard Lonergan,S.J. (By Frederick E. Crowe, S.J. 1964)
────, Appropriating the Lonergan Idea, Edited by Michael Vertin.(Washington, D.C.: The Catholic University of America press, 1989)
────, Lonergan,(Collegeville: Liturgical press, 1992)
Doran, Robert M., Psychic Conversion and Theological Foundations: Toward a Reorientation of the Human Sciences, (Chico: Scholars press, 1981)
Eidle, W.R. The Self-Appropriation of Interiority: A Foundation for Psychology, (New York: Bern, 1990)
Fitzpatrick, Joseph. “Lonergan and the Analytical Tradition”, Second International Lonergan Workshop,(Regis College, University of Toronto, August 1-6, 2004.)
Flanagan, Joseph, Quest for Self-Knowledge: An Essay in Lonergan’s Philosophy,(Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1997)
Gilkey, Langdon, “Empirical Science and Theological Knowing” McShane, Philip(ed.)Foundations of theology: Papers from The International Lonergan Congress 1970, (Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press, 1972)
Kanaris, Jim, Bernard Lonergan’s Philosophy of Religion: From Philosophy of God to Philosophy of Religious Studies, (New York: State University of New York, 2002)
Lamb, Matthew(ed.)Creativity and Method: Essays in Honor of Bernard Lonergan, (Marquette: University press of Marquette, 1981)
Liddy, Richard M., Transforming Light: Intellectual Conversion in the Early Lonergan, (Collegeville: The Liturgical Press, 1993)
McShane, Philip(ed.)Language and Meaning: Papers from The International Lonergan Congress 1970, (Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press, 1972)
────,(ed.)Foundations of theology: Papers from The International Lonergan Congress 1970, (Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press, 1972)
Meynell, Hugo A., An Introduction to the Philosophy of Bernard Lonergan, (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1991)
────, Redirecting Philosophy: Reflections on the Nature of Knowledge from Plato to Lonergan,(Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1998)
Morelli, Mark D.“The Realist Response to Idealism in England and Lonergan’s Critical Realism”, Method, vol. 21, no 1, spring 2003, pp. 1-23.
Muck, Otto, The Transcendental Method, (New York: Herder and Herder, 1972)
Oko, Dariusz, The Transcendental Way to God according to Bernard Lonergan,(Verlag Peter Lang GmbH, Frankfurt am Main, 1991)
Stewart, W. A., Introduction to Lonergan’s Insight: an Invitation to Philosophize, (New York: The Edwin Mellen Press, 1996)
Sala, Giovanni B., Lonergan and Kant: Five Essays on Human Knowledge, translated by Joseph Spoerl. Edited by Robert M. Doran(Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1994)
Tekippe, Terry J., Scientific and Primordial Knowing, (Lanham: University Press of America. 1996)
────, Bernard Lonergan’s Insight: A Comprehensive Commentary,(Rowman & Littlefield, 2003)
Tracy, David, The Achievement of Bernard Lonergan,(New York: Herder and Herder, 1972)
Tyrrel, Bernard J., Bernard Lonergan’s Philosophy of God, (Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press, 1974)
三、其他相關著作
Aqainas, Thomas, Summa Theologica, translated By Fathers of the English Dominican Province, (Reprinted by Christian Classics, under a license granted by Benziger, 1981)
Aristotle, “De Anima”, The Complete Works of Aristotle, edit by Jonathan Barnes,(Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1984)
────, Physica, Translated by R. Hardie and R. Gaye. Vol.2 of the Works of Aristotle.(Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1930)
Augustine, Confessions, (Washington: The Catholic University of America Press, 1966)
Bernstein, R. J. Beyond Objectivism and Relativism: Science, Hermeneutics, and Praxis, (Oxford: Basil Blackwell Publisher Limited, 1983)
Barbour Ian G., Issues in Science and Religion,(New York: Prentice-Hall, Inc. 1966)
Copleston, F., A History of Philosophy,(London: The Newman Press, 1959)
Blanchette, Oliva, Philosophy of Being: Reconstructive Essay in Metaphysics,(The Catholic University of America Press, 2003)
Descartes, René, The philosophical works of Descartes Vol.1, translated by Elizabeth S. Haldane and G.R.T. Rose. (Dover Publications, 1968)
Gilson, Etienne, The Spirit of Mediaeval Philosophy, translated by A. H. C. Downes. (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1940)
────, Thomist Realism and The Critique of Knowledge, Translated by Mark A. Wauch,(San Francisco: Ignatius Press, 1986)
Green, J. Everet, Kant’s Copernican Revolution: The Transcendental Horizon,(Lanham: University press of America, 1997)
Hamilton, E., and Cairns, H. The Collected Dialogues of Plato,(Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1961)
Hume, David, Inquiry of Concerning Human Understanding,(London: Oxford University Press, reprinted 1975)
Husserl, Edmund, The Crisis of European Sciences and Transcendental Phenomenology, translated by David Carr(Evanston: Northwestern University Press, 1970)
Kant, Immanual, Immanual Kant’s Critique of Pure Reason, translated by Norman Kemp Smith.(New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1965)
Kuhn, Thomas S., The Structure of Scientific Revolution, (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1970)
Maréchal, Joseph, A Maréchal Reader, Edited by Joseph Donceel,(New York: Herder and Herder, 1970)
McCarthy, M.H. The Crisis of Philosophy,(Ithaca, New York: State University of New York Press, 1989)
Merleau-Ponty, Maurice, Phenomenology of Perception, translated by Colin Smith,(London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1962)
Owens, Joseph. Cognition: An Epistemological Inquiry,(Huston: Center for Thomistic Studies. University of Thomas, 1992)
Reichenbach, Hans, The Rise of Scientific Philosophy, (University of California Press, 1951)
Rorty, R., Philosophy and the Mirror of the Nature, (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1979)
Schrödinger, Erwin, What Is Life? The Physical Aspect of the Living Cell, (with Mind and Matter and Autobiographical Sketches),(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1967)
Taylor, A.E., Plato: The Man and His Work, (Cleveland: The World Publishing Company, 1964)
Van Steenberghrn, F., Epistemology, translated by Lawrence Moonan(University of Louvain Press, 1970)
Wettgenstein, L., Tractatus Logico-philosophicus, translated by D. F. Pears and McGuinness, (London: Routledge& Kegan Paul Press, 1961)
Wilson, Margaret Dauler, Descartes,(Boston:Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1978)
中文部分
一、直接論述郎尼根思想之著作
關永中,〈郎尼根哲學所蘊含的超驗法〉,《哲學評論,第十三期》,(台北:台灣大學哲學系,1990)
────,《郎尼根的認知理論──《洞察》卷一釋義》(台北:哲學與文化月刊社,1991)
鄭喬閏撰,關永中指導〈郎尼根《洞察》之認知者的自我肯定〉,(輔仁大學哲學研究所碩士論文,1996)
二、其他相關著作
丁福寧,《類比與家族類似性》,(台北:長松文化,2003)
尤煌傑等著,鄔昆如主編,《哲學入門》,(台北:五南出版社,2003)
朱建民,《知識論》,(台北:國立空中大學印行,2003)
沈清松,《物理之後》,(台北:牛頓出版社,1987)
────,《現代哲學論衡》,(台北:黎明文化出版社,1994)
────,《解除世界魔咒》,(台北 : 臺灣商務, 1998))
────,《亞里斯多德作品選讀: 古希臘哲學的集大成 》,(台北市:誠品出版社,1999)
金觀濤,《人的哲學:論「科學與理性」的基礎》,(台北:駱駝出版社,出版年不詳)
李振英,《人與上帝》,(台北:輔仁大學出版社,2002)
────,《基本哲學探討》,(台中 :光啟出版社, 1869)
李幼蒸,《結構與意義—現代西方哲學論集》(台北:聯經出版社,1994)
高凌霞,《馬里旦論存有直觀與知識統合》(台北:輔仁大學研究叢書,1998)
柴熙,《認識論》(台北:台灣商務印書館,1998一版七刷)
孫振青,《笛卡兒》(台北:東大圖書公司,1990)
張君勵、丁文江,《科學與人生觀》(山東:山東人民出版社,1997)
張素貞校注,《韓非子(上)》(國立編譯館主編、出版,民90年)
鄔昆如,《現象學論文集》,(台北: 先知叢書,1975)
────,《哲學十大問題》(台北:東大滄海叢刊)
鄔昆如、高淩霞,《士林哲學》,(台北:五南出版社,1996)
錢穆,《朱子新學案一》(台北:三民書局印行,民60)
關永中,《知識論(一)──古典思潮》(台北:五南圖書公司,2000)
────,《知識論(二)──近代思潮》(台北:五南圖書公司,2000)
────,《愛恨與死亡 : 一個現代哲學的探索》(台北:臺灣商務,1997)
────,〈士林哲學的超驗轉向:若瑟‧馬雷夏〉收於《哲學與文化》59卷9期,頁40-56
黎建球,《人生哲學問題叢錄》(台北:輔仁大學出版社,1998)
三、中文譯作
甘陽譯,Ernst Cassirer著《人論:人類文化哲學導引》(An Essay on Man: An Introduction to a Philosophy of Human Culture,),(台北:桂冠出版社,1997)
陳維剛譯、曾慶豹校M. Buber著《我與你》(I and Thou,),(台北:久大、桂冠聯合出版,1991)
徐長福譯、姚大志校,Bernard Lonergan著〈認知的結構〉(“Cognitional Structure”)(成都大學學報社科版,2001,第二期)
張金壽譯,S. Thomas Aquinas著,《神學集成第一集第一部:論天主唯一》(台北:美靈登,1950)
黃道譯,廖秀惠、成廖美智校,Jean Piaget著《心理學與認識論:一種有關知識的理論 》(Psychologie et epistemologie,),(台北:結構群文化事業公司,1980)
傅佩榮譯,A. N. Whitehead著《科學與現代世界》(Science and the Modern World,)(台北:立緒文化出版,2000)
歐陽敏譯,Alex Rosenberg著,《當代科學哲學》(Philosophy of Science: A Contemporary introduction,)(台北:韋伯文化出版,2004)
羅達仁譯,Wilhelm Windelband著,《西洋哲學史》(Lehrbuch Der Geschichte Der Philosophie,)(台北:台灣商務印書館,1998)
四、辭典
商務印書館編,《哲學辭典》(台北:商務印書館,民53)
布魯格(Brugger)編著,項退結編譯,《西洋哲學辭典》(台北:香華園出版社,1988)
哲學大辭書編審委員會編,《哲學大辭書》第三冊,(台北:輔大出版社,1997)
羅伯特‧奧迪主編,《劍橋哲學辭典》,林正弘〈中文版審訂召集人〉,(台北:貓頭鷹出版社,2002)
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