臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

　　台南市原台鹼安順廠舊廠址之海水貯水池之底質多氯戴奧辛/呋喃平均濃度為目前已知全世界戴奧辛污染最嚴重的區域。附近地區之居民體內亦可檢測出高濃度之多氯戴奧辛/呋喃，顯示此區底泥中之毒物可能透過食物鏈傳遞到生物體中。本研究探討該海水貯水池中大型底棲無脊椎動物群聚及底質各環境因子之關聯，並推估這些大型底棲動物在戴奧辛的生物累積途徑中可能扮演的角色。本研究於2003年7月採集七個樣區之底質樣本供底質揮發性固體百分率、粉泥-黏土含量、底質粒徑、總氮及總有機碳、底質含水率等環境因子及戴奧辛/呋喃等毒物之分析。同年10月在上述各樣區共採42個樣本進行大型底棲無脊椎動物分析。結果顯示樣區底質總氮含量、總有機碳含量與揮發性固體含量之相關係數介於0.942-0.993，上述三個因子與底質含水率、粉泥-黏土含量及多氯戴奧辛/呋喃濃度之相關係數介於0.755-0.861，底質粒徑與其他各因子均呈負相關。A與B樣區之環境因子是所有樣區中差異最大者。主成分分析之主軸一顯示，B樣區底質粒徑較小、水深較深、有機物的含量較高；而A樣區的底質粒徑較大、水深較淺、有機物的含量較低。各樣區底棲無脊椎動物之平均密度為5554.59到18496.08隻/平方公尺。所有樣區合計有36種底棲無脊椎動物，包括節肢動物門之甲殼綱共13種；環節動物門之多毛綱共12種；軟體動物門共10種；其他尚有扁形動物門1種。各樣區底棲無脊椎動物之種數為15至22種，Shannon-Weiner歧異度指數為0.89到1.74，均勻度指數為0.29到0.58。多維空間排序結果顯示各樣區之大型底棲無脊椎動物群聚組成並不相同。B樣區的大型底棲無脊椎動物總密度最高，而歧異度指數及均勻度指數卻最低。生物因子與環境因子之相關分析顯示，大型底棲無脊椎動物群聚組成與底質粒徑、有機物含量最為相關，其中又以多毛類的相關性最高，軟體與節肢動物與其相關性較低。本實驗結果顯示受戴奧辛嚴重污染的海水貯存池中仍有密度相當高的底棲生物，戴奧辛可能透過食物鏈累積在高營養階層的捕食者及人類體內，建議相關單位應確實掌握該地區受污染物生物的範圍及程度，管制污染物質及該水池中已遭受污染生物的流向與擴散，並嚴格禁止當地居民捕撈及食用該地區的水生物。

　This study investigated the benthic macrofauna and the substrate physical–chemical factors in a dioxin-polluted water reservoir in Tainan. The samples were collected in July and October 2003 for analyses of percentage of volatile solids (VS), total organic carbon (TOC), total organic nitrogen (TN), water content (WC), particle size (PS), silt-clay ratio (SC), and total dioxin/funan concentration (PCDD/Fs), and for analysis of benthic macrofauna. The results showed that VS, TOC, and TN were highly correlated, and were also correlated with WC, PS, and SC. PS was negatively correlated with all other factors. Sites A and B showed greatest difference in substrate properties. Site A was shallow in depth and had low organic contents and large particle size, while site B showed just the opposite. Total density of the benthic macro-invertebrates was 5554.6-18496.1 individuals/m2. A total of 36 species were identified including 13 species of crustaceans, 12 species of polychaetes, 10 species of mollusks, and 1 species of platyhelminthes. Each sites consisted of 15-22 species. Shannon-Weiner diversity index and Pielou’s evenness index were 0.89-1.74 and 0.29-0.58, respectively. Results of multi-dimensional scaling showed that composition of the benthic macrofauna differed between sites. Site B had the highest density and lowest diversity and evenness indices. Composition of the polychaetes was related to the particle size and total organic carbon/nitrogen, but compositions of the crustaceans and molluscs were weakly related to these factors. The results suggest that high density of benthic macro-invertebrates exist in this heavily polluted reservoir and are important carriers of dioxins through the food web. Detailed study of the food web revealing pathways for dioxin should be carried to understand the possible effects on wildlife and humans. Collections of sea food from the reservoir should be strictly prohibited.

中文摘要……………………………………………………………………………Ⅰ
英文摘要……………………………………………………………………………Ⅲ
致謝…………………………………………………………………………………Ⅴ
目錄…………………………………………………………………………………Ⅵ
表目錄………………………………………………………………………………Ⅶ
圖目錄………………………………………………………………………………Ⅷ
附錄目錄……………………………………………………………………………Ⅸ
前言…………………………………………………………………………………..1
材料與方法…………………………………………………………………………..5
結果…………………………………………………………………………………10
討論…………………………………………………………………………………16
參考文獻……………………………………………………………………………20
表 1∼表 5…………………………………………………………………………30
圖 1∼圖 10………………………………………………………………………..40
附錄 1∼附錄 3……………………………………………………………………51

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