臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

　　在國內漸有外牆改修時採雨屏牆系統之構工法，而所謂雨屏牆( Rainscreen wall )系統即是經過適當透風開口的設計，將外部氣流引入中空層，使雨屏牆內外趨近於等壓，此等壓行為可排除自雨屏外部滲入中空層的雨水，並有隔熱之效，可減輕雨屏牆的風載，是以雨屏牆系統的外牆構法可謂為一合乎永續建築的潮流。
　　透過相關文獻整理得知影響雨屏等壓行為所需要考慮的因素相當多，包括：風攻角、流場、陣風速度與作用時間、建築物幾何形狀等，形成一種複雜的氣流運動。其中文獻提出未來研究進行的課題，其中之一即是針對不同風攻角作用下，建築物外部氣流對等壓的影響。
　　本研究以點支撐構法及開放式接縫之雨屏牆為研究對象，並以不同之風攻角(0º∼180º)作為實驗參數；經由風洞實驗的方式來了解雨屏牆內外壓差變化情形。實驗成果如下：
1. 風攻角0º∼90º時，以雨屏牆外壓變化較大，但雨屏內部壓力均呈現平衡狀態。
2. 雨屏牆外內壓力係數差△Cp與風攻角關係：
(1) 風攻角0°∼60°，△Cp隨風攻角度之增加，等壓效果逐漸變差。
(2) 風攻角60°∼90°，△Cp的絕對值出現最大，即等壓效果最差之處。
(3) 風攻角90°∼180°，△Cp範圍變化幅度不大，其範圍絕對值是實驗風攻角中之最小。
3. 風速、開口寬度(透風開口率)、中空層厚度與雨屏外內壓差係數△Cp變化之情形：
(1) △Cp絕對值最大值隨開口寬度(透風開口率)之增大而變小，即等壓效果越好。
(2) △Cp絕對值之最大值隨中空層增大並無明顯變化，對等壓效果影響有限。
(3) △Cp絕對值之最大值亦隨風速增大而有變小的趨勢，即等壓效果越好。

　　Adopting the construction of rainscreen wall system in outer wall recladding gradually becomes common in Taiwan. Rainscreen wall system is a design with vent holes to transfer outside air current into wall cavity which would result in a near-zero pressure differential between both sides of rainscreen. The action of pressure equalization can drain away the rain that penetrated from outside of rainscreen into wall cavity, and also has the effect of heat insulation which can reduce the wind load of rainscreen wall. Therefore the construction of outer wall with rainscreen wall system conforms to the trend of sustainable architectures.
　　Through studying related documents, it has been learned that there are many factors affect the pressure equalization performance of rainscreen wall, such as wind attack angle, flow filed, wind velocity and action time, and geometric shape of building etc. All these factors contribute to a sophisticated air current movement. One of the subjects that being proposed for future research in the documents is the study of the effect of air current outside construction on pressure equalization performance under different wind attack angles.
　　This research focuses on point support rainscreen wall system and open joint rainscreen wall system. By performing wind tunnel tests, with different wind attack angles (0º∼180º) as test parameters, the research is to discuss the variation of pressure differential between both sides of the rainscreen. The results can be concluded as following:
I. When wind attack angle is between 0º and 90º, the pressure outside the rainscreen varies greatly but inside the rainscreen it remains constant.
II. The relation between wind attack angle and the coefficient of pressure differential (△Cp ) inside and outside rainscreen:
1) When wind attack angle is between 0° and 60°, △Cp increases as the angle raises and thus the pressure equalization performance drops.
2) When wind attack angle is between 60° and 90°, the absolute value of △Cp is the maximum value, which means the pressure equalization performance is the lowest.
3) When wind attack angle is between 90° and 180°, △Cp varies within a limited range and its absolute value is the smallest among all wind attack angles tested.
III. The relation among wind velocity, vent hole width (aperture ratio), wall cavity thickness and the coefficient of pressure differential (△Cp ) inside and outside rainscreen:
1) The maximum absolute value of △Cp decreases as the vent hole width (aperture ratio) increases, which means the pressure equalization performance enhances.
2) The maximum absolute value of △Cp does not have obvious variation as the wall cavity thickness increases, which means the effect on the pressure equalization performance is limited.
3) The maximum absolute value of △Cp decreases as the wind velocity increases, which means the pressure equalization performance enhances.

目錄

第一章 緒論
1-1 研究動機 1-1
1-2 研究目的 1-2
1-3 研究方法與流程 1-2

第二章 文獻回顧
2-1 相關文獻回顧
2-1.1 相關文獻回顧 2-1
2-1.2 相關實驗設備 2-3
2-2 等壓雨屏牆基本認識
2-2.1 等壓雨屏牆之發展 2-4
2-2.2 等壓雨屏牆構成要素 2-4
2-2.3 等壓雨屏牆材料運用 2-5
2-3 研究範圍 2-5

第三章 實驗計畫
3-1 實驗方式與因子 3-1
3-2 實驗設備與儀器 3-2
3-3 實驗試體 3-4
3-4 壓力量測與資料擷取 3-8
3-5 實驗流程 3-10
3-5.1 預備實驗 3-11
3-5.2 正式實驗 3-15

第四章 實驗結果分析
4-1 分析項目 4-1
4-2 實驗結果與分析 4-1

第五章 結論與建議
5-1 結論 5-1
5-2 後續研究建議 5-2

參考文獻

附錄一 共同文獻整理
（一）等壓雨屏牆之文獻回顧與案例調查
1、等壓雨屏牆之認識 附1-1
2、等壓實驗相關研究 附1-5
3、雨屏牆之案例調查 附1-24
4、等壓雨屏牆建材型錄蒐集 附1-29
（二）國內外風洞實驗室規模整理 附1-32
附錄二 實驗相關計畫
（一）實驗設備與儀器 附2-1
（二）測點安裝與試體架設 附2-6
（三）預備實驗—無開口板風壓之量測 附2-8
附錄三 風力等級 附3-1
附錄四 實驗數據整理與圖形
（一）各組試體雨屏內外壓表與關係圖
（二）各組試體雨屏Cp與△Cp數值表與關係圖
（三）風速、開口寬度與雨屏外內壓差係數△Cp變化表
（四）風速、中空層與雨屏外內壓差係數△Cp變化表

�� 一般類：
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1.2 Architectural Aluminum Manufacturer's Association，A Brief History of the Aluminum Curtain Wall，1972，American Architectural Manufacturers Association (AAMA)
1.3 U. Ganguli，Wind and Air Pressures on the Building Envelope，1986，National Research Council of Canada
1.4 M.Z. Rousseau，Facts and Fictions of Rain-Screen Walls，1990，Research in Construction.
1.5 Park Drive, Reston, Virginia，Brick Masonry Rain Screen Walls，1994，Technical Noteson Brick Construction
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1.8 H.J Gerhardt, O Kruger，Double Skin Glass Facades– Investigations Into the Load Sharing Possibilities，1997，ICBEST
1.9 Edmund C.C. Choi , Zhihong Wang，Study on Pressure-Equalization of Curtain Wall Systems，1998，Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics（期刊）
1.10 M.Z. Rousseau, G.F. Poirier and W.C. Brown，Pressure Equalization in Rainscreen Wall Systems，1998，National Research Council of Canada
1.11 K. Suresh Kumar，Pressure Equalization of Rainscreen Ralls: a Critical Review，2000，Building and Environment（期刊）
1.12 The Rain Screen Wall，2001，Ontario Association of Architects
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1.14 大野隆司，乾式外壁構法の現況，1990，新•ファサードシステム開發研究委員會，日本
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1.21 黃國峰、魏浩揚，雙層立面本土化構法原則之研究，2003，台科大碩論

�� 實驗類
2.1 U.Ganguli and R.L.Quirouette，Pressure Equalization Performance of A Metal And Glass Curtain Wall，1987，National Research Council of Canada
2.2 Glenn D. Schuyler, P.Eng，Investigation of Load Reduction for Pressure Equalization，1989，Rowan Williams Davies & Irwin Inc.
2.3 Brown, W.C. Rousseau, M.Z. Dalgliesh, W.A.，Field Testing of Pressure-Equalized Rain Screen Walls，1991，Exterior Wall Systems :Glass and Concrete Technology , Design , and Construction
2.4 H.J Gerhard， F. Janser，Wind Loads on Wind Permeable Facades，1994，Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics
2.5 D.R. Inculet , A.G. Davenport，Pressure-Equalized Rainscreens a Study in the Frequency Domain，1994，Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics
2.6 Burgess，Air Pressure Equalization in Rainscreened Joints by Geometric Alteration，1995，Building and Environment
2.7 Inculet . D and D. Surry，Optimum Vent Location for Partially-Pressure Rainscreen，1997，Housing Information Center
2.8 Inculet, D., D. Surry, and A.G. Davenport，Unsteady Pressure Gradients and Their Implications For
Pressure-Equalized Rainscreen，1997，Boundary Layer Wind Tunnel Laboratory，University of Western Ontario
2.9 D. Feldman, T. Stathopoulos, C. Cosmulescu, H. Wu，A Simple Apparatus for the Evaluation of Air Infiltration through Building Envelope Components，1998，Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics
2.10 Hirozo Ishikawa，A Study on Improving Weather Tightness of Siding Finishes for External Walls by Pressure Equalized Design Utilizing Hollow Section Furring，1999，Proceedings of the School of Engineering of Tokai University
2.11 Jacques Rousseau，A Study of the Rainscreen Concept Applied to Cladding Systems on Wood Frame Walls，1999，Rousseau Canadian Housing Information Center
2.12 Jacques Rousseau，Simulation of Wind-Driven Rain and Wetting Patterns on Buildings，1999，Rousseau Canadian Housing Information Center
2.13 J.C. Burgess , G. McCardle，Building Cladding Air Pressure Equalization Investigations — Comparison between Field Results and a Numerical Model，2000，Building and Environment
2.14 K. Suresh Kumar, T. Stathopoulos, J.A. Wisse，Field MeaSurement Data of Wind Loads on Rrainscreen Walls，2003，Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics
2.15 茅野紀子，風と空氣層，1994，建築技術， p141-p145，日本
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2.19 黃斌、許正傑，開放式接縫對雨屏牆中空層風壓之實驗，1996，成大碩論

�� 數值理論類
3.1 R.I. Harris，The Propagation of Internal Pressures in Buildings，1990，Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics
3.2 A. Baskaran，A Numerical Model to Evaluate the Performance of Pressure Equalized Rainscreen Walls，1994，Building and Environment
3.3 J.C. Burgess，Pressure Equalised Rainscreen Joint Modelling with the Numerical Model PERAM，1995，Building and Environment
3.4 A.W.M. van Schijndel, S.F.C. Schols，ModelingPressure Equalization in Cavities，1998，Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics
3.5 K. Suresh Kumar, A.W.M. van Schijndel，Prediction of Pressure Equalization Perfotmance of Rainscreen Walls，1999，Wind and Structures