臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

3D視覺化技術比2D的展示方式更能提供使用者更逼真的視覺認知感受;此外使用者可以自由的在3D環境中操控視點及視線方向來得到更多的資訊。要建立一個3D的虛擬環境需要許多的模型及資料;例如，地形、建築物、車輛、及植物等，甚至於一些大氣壓力、氣溫、速度、溼度、及磁場等環境資料。當虛擬環境中的模型數量太多或環境資料太複雜時，管理模型及資料就變得非常困難。因此需要一個完整統一的規範來描述所有的虛擬環境模型及資料。
在本論文中，我們提出了一個以SEDRIS為基礎的虛擬環境編輯及瀏覽系統。SEDRIS是一個可以完整描述環境資料的軟體工程技術。我們所提出的系統包含編輯器、瀏覽器、容易操作的使用者介面來操控模型，及兩種不同的瀏覽模式來瀏覽虛擬環境。此外我們還提供飛行路徑編輯器，方便飛行模擬應用的演練及重現。

3D visualization technology offers more realistic presentation than 2D visualization technology offers; moreover, user can choose arbitrary views to visualize more information in a 3D environment. Constructing a 3D virtual environment needs many models such as, terrain, buildings, vehicles, vegetation, etc. and fluid data such as, atmospheric pressure, temperature, speed, humidity, magnetic field, etc. If huge amount of models and complex data are included in a virtual environment, the management of the environmental models and data will be very difficult. Thus we need a complicated representation and specification to describe the whole virtual environment.
In this study, we purpose a virtual environment system based on the synthetic environment data representation and interchange specification (SEDRIS). SEDRIS is a software engineering technique for describing complicated virtual environments. We utilize the technique to unambiguously represent 3D objects and their attributes to build a virtual environment. The proposed system includes an environment editor, a browser, a user friendly interface, a facile model manipulation, and two kinds of views in the virtual environment. Moreover, we provide a flying path editor for the virtual environment system such that we can demonstrate or rehearse a fly through simulation.

摘 要 I
誌 謝 II
目錄 III
第一章 緒論 一
第二章　相關研究 二
第三章　地形資料產生及表現方式 三
第四章　虛擬環境的整合 四
第五章　虛擬環境及路徑編輯系統 五
第六章　實驗 六
第七章　結論 七
附錄 英文版論文 八

[1]Allen, P. K. and Yang R., “Registering, integrating, and building CAD models from range data,” in Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. on Robotic and Automation, Leuven, Belgium May 18-20, 1998, , pp.3115-3120.
[2]Antone, M. E. and Teller, S.,"Automatic recovery of relative camera rotations for urban scenes, " in Proc. IEEE Conf. on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Hilton Head Island, 2000, pp.28-29.
[3]Brodsky, D. and B. A. Watson, “Model simplification through refinement,” in Proc. Graphics Interface, Montreal, Canada, May 15-17, 2000, pp.221-228.
[4]Décoret, X. and S. François, "Street generation for city modeling," in Proc. 1st Workshop of Architectural and Urban Ambient Environment, Nantes, France, Feb.6-8, 2002.
[5]Delaney, B., “Visualization in urban planning: they didn't build LA in a day,” IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, vol.20, no.3, pp.10-16, 2000.
[6]François, S., D. George, and B. Benoit, “Efficient impostor manipulation for real-time visualization of urban scenery,” in Proc. Eurographics, vol.16, no.3, Budapest, Hungary, Sep.4-8, 1997, pp.207-218.
[7]Früh, C., H. Shekarforoush, and A. Zakhor, "Fast 3-D model generation in urban environments," in Proc. Int. Conf. Multisensor Fusion and Integration for Intelligent Systems, Baden-Bade, Germany, Aug.20-22, 2001, pp.165-170.
[8]Garland, M. and P. S. Heckbert, “Simplifying surfaces with color and texture using quadric error metrics,” in Proc. IEEE Visualization‘98, Research Triangle Park, NC, Oct.18-23, 1998, pp.263-269.
[9]Garland, M., Quadric-Based Polygonal Surface Simplification, Ph.D. Diss., School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon Univ., Pittsburgh, PA, May 1999.
[10]Garland, M., Multiresolution Modeling: Survey & Future Opportunities, Technical Report, in State of the Art Report, Eurographics, Sep. 1999, pp.111-131.
[11]Garland, M., A. Willmott, and P. S. Heckbert, “Hierarchical face clustering on polygonal surfaces,” in Proc. of ACM Symposium on Interactive 3D Graphics, Chapel Hill, NC, Mar.26-29, 2001, pp.49-58.
[12]Garland, M. and E. Shaffer, “A multiphase approach to efficient surface simplification,” in Proc. of IEEE Visualization ’02, Boston, MA, Oct.27-Nov.1, 2002, pp.117-124.
[13]Hoppe, H., T. DeRose, T. Duchamp, J. McDonald, and W. Stuetzle, “Mesh optimization,” in Proc. SIGGRAPH’93, Anaheim, CA, Aug.1-6, 1993, pp.19-26.
[14]Hoppe, H., “Progressive meshes,” in Proc. SIGGRAPH‘96, New Orleans, LA, Aug.4-9, 1996, pp.99-108.
[15]Hoppe, H., “View-dependent refinement of progressive meshes,” in Proc. SIGGRAPH’97, Los Angeles, CA, Aug.3-8, 1997, pp.189-198.
[16]Hoppe, H., Efficient Implementation of Progressive Meshes, Tech. Report of Microsoft Research, MSR-TR-98-02, Microsoft Corporation, Jan. 1998.
[17]Hoppe, H., “Smooth view-dependent level-of-detail control and its application to terrain rendering,” in Proc. IEEE Visualization ‘98, Research Triangle Park, NC, Oct.18-23, 1998, pp.35-42.
[18]Ingram, R., S. Benford, and J. Bowers, “Building virtual cities: applying urban planning principles to the design of virtual environments,” in Proc. Symp. Virtual Reality Software and Technology, Hong Kong, July 1-4, 1996, pp.83-91.
[19]Kato, N., A. Okano, and T. Okuno, "Modeling virtual cities using genetic algorithms," in Proc. IEEE workshop Soft Computing Methods in Industrial Applications, Kuusamo, Finland, June16-18, 1999, pp.134-139.
[20]Kenji, N., S. Hideo, and O. Shinji, "Generation of 3D model with super resolved texture from image sequence," in Proc. IEEE 2nt. Conf. Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Nashville, TN, Oct.8-11, 2000, pp.1406-1411, vol.2.
[21]Ladner R., M. Abdelguerfi, and K. Shaw, “3D mapping of an interactive synthetic environment,” IEEE Computer, Vol.33, No.3, pp.35-39, 2000.
[22]Lee, J., “3-D model for representing topological relations of urban features,” in Proc. 21st Annual ESRI Int. User Conf., San Diego, CA, July 9-13, 2001, pp.565-579.
[23]Li, G. and B. A. Watson, “Semiautomatic simplification,” in Proc. ACM Symposium on Interactive 3D Graphics, Chapel Hill, NC, Mar.26-29, 2001, pp.43-48.
[24]Lindstrom, P., D. Koller, W. Ribarsky, L. F. Hodges, N. Faust, and G. A. Turner, “Real-time, continuous level of detail rendering of height fields,” in Proc. ACM SIGGRAPH ‘96, New Orleans, LA, Aug.4-9, 1996, pp.109-118.
[25]Lindstrom, P. and G. Turk, "Fast and memory efficient polygonal simplification," in Proc. IEEE Visualization '98, Research Triangle Park, NC, Oct.18-23, 1998, pp.279-286.
[26]Lindstrom, P., "Out-of-core simplification of large polygonal models," in Proc. 27th Annual Conf. Computer graphics and interactive techniques, New Orleans, Louisiana, July 23-28, 2000, pp.259-262.
[27]Lindstrom, P. and C. T. Silva, "A memory insensitive technique for large model simplification," in Proc. IEEE Visualization 01’, San Diego, CA, Oct.21-26, 2001, pp.121-550.
[28]Lindstrom, P. and V. Pascucci, “Visualization of large terrains made easy,” in Proc. IEEE Visualization ‘01, San Diego, CA, Oct.21-26, 2001, pp. 363-370.
[29]Lindstrom, P. and V. Pascucci, “Terrain simplification simplified: a general framework for view-dependent out-of-core visualization,” IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, vol.8, no.3, pp.239-254, 2002.
[30]Peponis, J., C. Zimring, and Y. K. Choi, “Finding the building in wayfinding,” in Environment and Behavior, vol.22, pp.555-590, 1990.
[31]Pfund, M., “Topologic data structure for a 3-D GIS,” in Proc. 3rd ISRS Workshop on Dynamic and Multidimensional GIS, Bangkok, Thailand, May 23-25, 2001, pp..
[32]Shaffer, E. and M. Garland, “Efficient adaptive simplification of massive meshes,” in Proc. IEEE Visualization ’01, San Diego, CA, Oct.21-26, 2001, pp.127-134.
[33]Shalabi, M., Analysis of Urban Morphology for Real Time Visualization of Urban Scenes, Master thesis, Elec. Eng. Dept., MIT, Massachusetts, 1998.
[34]Stamos, I. and Allen, P. E., “3-D model construction using range and image data,” in Proc. IEEE Conf. on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Hilton Head Island, June 13-15, 2000, pp.531-536.
[35]Szeliski, R., "Video mosaicing for virtual environments," IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, vol.16, no.2, pp.22-30, 1996.
[36]Utsugi, K.; M. Toshio and T., Haruo, “Making of a virtual world of Heijokyo from historical knowledge,” in Proc. IEEE Virtual Systems and Multimedia’01, Berkeley, CA, Oct.25-27, 2001, pp.299-308.
[37]Yoav, P. and P. Müller, "Procedural modeling of cities," in Proc. SIGGRAPH 2001, Los Angeles, CA, Aug.12-17, 2001, pp.301-308.
[38]3D model generation from a sequence of images, http://www.cs.bris.ac.uk/~gibson/3Dmodels/3Dmodels.html
[39]Data model of Verse Specification, http://www.blender.org/modules/verse/verse-spec/index.html
[40]Steps in Making an Environmental Database, http://www.sedris.org/e_dbs.htm