臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

摘要
本論文利用三角測量法量測人體脈搏中，首先我們先運用MOIRE(疊紋)定位脈搏位置，利用疊紋法可較準確定位出脈搏位置，再利用雷射打在脈搏上在使用CMOS(互補性氧化金屬半導體)影像擷取系統，擷取影像，再利用MATLAB軟體計算雷射質心變化，再利用系統中三角關係求出脈搏變化大小，再運用FFT(Fast Fourier Transfer 快速傅立葉轉換)求出脈搏波的頻率，此一系統結構簡單且精確(精確度可達10um)。

ABSTRACT
There are a lot of measurement methods or equipments for measuring the pulse of human being, including palpation, stethoscope, sphygmomanometer, electrocardiogram (ECG), oximeter, pressure transducer, optical interferometer, Doppler-based instrumentation, and this optical triangulation pulse measurement system we proposed here.
Arterial pulsation waveform has been considered as fundamental indicators in the diagnosis of cardiovascular disease and guide therapeutic decision in complex clinical situations. Abnormality of shapes and frequencies of palpation are symbols of certain cardiovascular disorders, thus how to pick up arterial pulse waveforms without distortion has become an important issue in biomedical signal processing. On the other hand, pulse diagnosis is the one of four kind diagnosis methods to determine the physiological condition of patients in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). In clinic, most popular methods applied to measure pulse behavior include stethoscope, sphygmomanometer, and Doppler-based instrumentation. In TCM, most studies of pulse diagnosis machine use other devices to record pulse changes. A set of three pressure transducers to sense three location pulses has been proposed. Lu and Wang analyzed the harmonics from the frequency spectrum of pulse waves and related some illness condition to certain harmonics. The devices used in these studies could either interfere in the measurement because contacting or cost more as having additional sensors for multiple points probing. No touch pulse measurement with optical interferometer was proposed by Hong et.al, it can estimate skin vibration velocity. Echo-metric techniques which would make use of time-of-flight measurements of an energy pulse reflected from points on the object are not practical at short rangers due to very short time intervals that have to be measured. An optical non-contacting technology, which based on optical triangulation, is proposed in this study. Optical triangulation is well known in thickness and contour measurement, and applied to many industrial fields. This study will conduct the design of the pulse measurement system and verify the pulse measurement accuracy, then using this pulse measurement system to build a complete data base by measuring the patients. Moire’ will be used to locate the top of the pulse, then the vibration and frequency of the pulse will be record with this laser pulse measurement.

目錄
目錄…………………………………………………………..Ⅰ
圖索引……………………………………………………….Ⅳ
表索引……………………………………………………….Ⅶ
摘要………………………………………………………….Ⅷ
ABSTRACT…………………………………………………….Ⅸ
第一章 緒論.…………………………………………………1
1-1前言……………………………………………………………...…...1
1-2研究背景與文獻回顧………………………………………...……...1
1-3研究目的………………………………………………......................2
1-4本研究之貢獻………………………………………………..............2
1-5論文架構………………………………………………......................3
第二章 研究原理…………….……………………………....4
2-1光學的三角測量法………………………………………………...4
2-2質心位置計算法…………………………………………………...7
2-3傅立葉轉換與頻譜分析…………………………………………...9
2-3-1傅立葉轉換………………………………………………………9
2-3-2離散傅立葉轉換………………………………………………....10
2-3-3快速傅立葉轉換…………………………………………………14
2-4疊紋(MOIRE)……………………………………………………....15
2-4-1疊紋( MOIRE )介紹..………………………………………….....15
2-4-2疊紋( MOIRE )原理……………………………………………...16
2-4-3陰影疊紋(Shadow moire)………………………………………...17
第三章 研究設備與方法…………………………………….20
3-1影像感測元件…...………………………………………………….20
3-1-1 CCD影像感測器…………………………………………………20
3-1-2 CMOS影像感測器……………………………………………….24
3-1-3 CCD與CMOS比較……………………………………………...27
3-1-4量測系統架構…………………………………………………….28
3-2雷射光源及模組...………………………………………………….30
3-2-1雷射光之高斯分佈……………………………………………….31
3-2-2半導體雷射.....……………………………………………………34
3-2-3光偵測器………………………………………………………….35
3-2-4雷射驅動電路…………………………………………………….38
第四章 實驗結果…….……………………………………....40
4-1雷射光點穩定度分析………………………………………………40
4-2系統穩定度及校正...……………………………………………….45
4-3實測結果...………………………………………………………….46
4-4系統量測結果與血壓計之比較...………………………………….48
4-5利用MOIRE 定位脈搏…………………………………………….49
第五章 討論………………………………………………….52
5-1針對疊紋定位系統討論...………………………………………….52
5-2針對三角量測系統討論...………………………………………….52
第六章 結論與未來展望……….……………………………53
參考文獻...……………………………………………………55
附錄一...………………………………………………………57

參 考 文 獻
[1] 黃世林等，”中醫脈象研究”，知音出版社，民國八十四年。
[2] 國立中央大學光電科學研究所碩士論文 第二章 彭政忠九十一年六月
[3] 楊武智，”感測器與數位信號處理”，第六章，全華科技圖書。
[4] Warren J. Smith, “Modern Optical Engineering”, 1784, p227~p230.
[5] 孫文信，羅美俐，“一項基於三角測距原理的距離量測系統設計”，光電資訊第12期80年12月 。
[6]Eric R. Fossum, “CMOS Image Sensors: Electronic Camera-On-A-Chip”, IEEE 1997.
[7] 張智星，“Matlab 程式設計與應用”，清蔚科技股份有限公司，2002
[8] Ored Kafri , Hana Glatt,”The Physics of Moire Metrology”,John Wiley&Son,PP.5-17 (1989)
[9] Chang R.S. “Low Cost moiré for the analysis of image stability” Proceedings of SPIE Vol. 462, pp82-86, SPIE’S Los Angles ’84 Technical
[10]Daniel Post, Bongtae Han, Peter Ifju , ”High Sensitivity Moire”,Springer,PP.87-96 (1994)
[11]楊國輝，黃宏彥，”雷射原理與量測概論”，五南出版社。
[12]施敏，”半導體元件物理與製作技術”，臺北市 高立出版社。
[13]陳建宇，”生醫訊號小波分析及疊紋測量系統”，中央大學博士論文，民93。
[14]劉宇傑，”光學疊紋(MOIRE)在脈搏波量測上的應用”，中央大學碩士論文，民92。
[15]彭政忠，“精巧型數位影像之距離及角度量測系統”，中央大學碩士論文，民91。