|
1.Aloyzm, R. S., Bamji, S. X., Pozniak, C. D., Toma, J. G., Atwal, J., Kuplan, D. R., Miller, F. D. P53 is essential for developmental neuron death as regulated by the Trk and p75 neurotrophin receptors. J. Cell. Biol. 143: 1691-1703, 1998.
2.Anderson, D. M., Maraskovsky, E., Billingsley, W. L., Dougall, W. C., Tometsko, M. E., roux, E. R., Teepe, M. C., DuBose, R. F., Cosman, D., and Galibert, L. A homologue of the TNF receptor and its ligand enhance T-cell growth and dendritic-cell function. Nature 390: 175-9, 1997.
3.Androlewicz, M. J., Browning, J. L., and Ware, C. F. Lymphotoxin is expressed as a heteromeric complex with a distinct 33-kDa glycoprotein on the surface of an activated human T cell hybridoma. J. Biol. Chem. 267: 2542-2547, 1992.
4.Arch, R. H., and Thompson, C. B. 4-1BB and Ox40 are members of a tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-nerve growth factor receptor subfamily that bind TNF receptor-associated factors and activate nuclear factor kappaB. Mol. Cell Biol. 18: 558-565, 1998.
5.Ashkenazi, A., and Dixit, V. M. Death receptors: signaling and modulation. Science 281: 1305-1308, 1998.
6.Baeuerle, P. A., and Baltimore, D. NF-kB: Ten Years After. Cell 87: 13-20.1996.
7.Bagrodia, S., Derijard, B., Davis, R. J., and Cerione, R. A. Cdc42 and PAK-mediated signaling leads to Jun kinase and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase activation. J Biol Chem 270: 27995-27998, 1995.
8.Baldwin, A. S. The NF-kB and I-kB proteins: new discoveries and insights. Annu. Rev. immunol. 14: 639-681, 1996.
9.Baron R, Neff L, Roy C, Boisvent A and Caplan M. Evidence for a high and specific concentration of Na,K -ATPase in the plasma membrane of the osteoclast. Cell 46: 311-320, 1986.
10.Beutler, B., and van Huffel, C. Unraveling function in the TNF ligand and receptor families. Science 264: 667-8, 1994. 11.Blank, J. L., Gerwins, P., Elliott, E. M., Sather, S., and Johnson, G. L. Molecular cloning of mitogen-activated protein/ERK kinase kinase (MEKK)2 and 3. Regulation of sequential phosphorylation pathways involvingmitogen-activated protein kinase and c-Jun kinase. J Biol Chem 271: 5361-5368, 1996.
12.Boyle, W. J., Kung, Y., Lacey, D. L., Sarosi, I., Dunstan, C. R., Timms, E., Tan, H.-L., Elliott, G., Kelley, M. J., Colombero, A., Elliott, R., Scully, S., Capparelli, C., Morony, S., and Penninger, J. Osteoprotegerin ligand (OPGL) is required for murine osteoclastogenesis. J.Bone Miner. Res. 23, S189 (Abstract), 1998.
13.Brian R. Wong, Regis Josien, Soo Young Lee, Masha Vologodskaia, Ralph M. Steinman, and Yongwon Choi. The TRAF family of signal transducers mediates NF-B activation by the TRANCE receptor. The Journal of Biological Chemistry 273: 28355-28359, 1998.
14.Brommage R and DeLuca HF. Evidence that 1,25-dihydroxyvitamine D3 is the physiologically active metabolite of vitamine D3. Endocrine reviews 6: 491-511, 1985.
15.Broner, F. Calcium and osteoporosis. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 60: 831-839, 1994.
16.Brown, J. L., Stowers, L., Bear, M., Trejo, J., Coughlin, S., and chant, J. Human Ste20 homologue hPAK1 links GTPases to the JNK MAP kinase pathways. Curr Biol 6: 598-605, 1996.
17.Bryant G. Darany, Jian Nis, Paul a. Moore, and Bharat B. Aggarwal. Activation of NF-B by RANK Requires Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated Factor (TRAF)6 and NF-B-inducing kinase. The Journal of Biological Chemistry 274: 7724-7731, 1999.
18.Bucay, N., Sarosi, I., Dunstan, C. R., Morony, S., Tarpley, J., Capparelli, C., Scully, S., Tan, H. L., Lacey, D. L., Boyle, W. J., and Simonet, W. S. Osteoprotegerin-deficient mice develop early onset osteoporosis and arterial calcification. Genes Dev 12: 1260-1268, 1998.
19.Burger EH, Meer JWM, Gever JS, Gribnau JC, Thesingh CW and Furth R. In vitro formation of osteoclasts form long-term cultures of bone marrow mononuclear phagocytes. J. Exp. Med. 156: 1604-1614, 1982. 20.Burr DB and Martin RB. Errors in bone remodeling : Toward a unified theory og metabolic disease. Am. J. Anat. 186: 186-216, 1989.
21.Buccione R, Orth JD, McNiven MA. Foot and mouth: podosomes, invadopodia and circular dorsal ruffles. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 5(8) : 647-57, 2004.
22.Cary LA, Guan JL. Focal adhesion kinase in integrin-mediated signaling. Front Biosci. 4 : 102-13, 1999.
23.Cao, Z., Xiong, J., Takeuchi, M., Kurama, T., and Goeddel, D. V. TRAF6 is a signal transducer for interleukin-1. Nature 383: 443-446, 1996.
24.Calle Y, Jones GE, Jagger C, Fuller K, Blundell MP, Chow J, Chambers T, Thrasher AJ. WASp deficiency in mice results in failure to form osteoclast sealing zones and defects in bone resorption. Blood 103(9) : 3552-61, 2004
25.Chen, Y. R., Tan, T. H. Lack of correlation in JNK activation and p53-dependent Fas expression induced by apoptotic stimuli. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm.256: 595-599, 1999.
26.Cheng, G., A. M. Cleary, Z.-S. Ye, D. I. Hong, S. Lederman, and D. Baltimore. Involvement of CRAF1, a relative of TRAF, in CD40 signaling. Science 267: 1494-1498, 1995.
27.Christako S., S.R.Gill, S.Lee, and H.Li. Molecular aspects of calbindins. J. Nutrition 122: 678-682, 1992.
28.Compston JE. Osteoporosis. Clin. Endocrinol. 33: 653-682, 1990.
29.Corvol MT, Du Bois MB, Garabedian M, Pezant E, and Balsan S. Vitamin D and cartilage.I. In vitro metabolism of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol by cartilage. Endocrinology 102: 1262-1268, 1978.
30.Coso, O. A., Chiariello, M., Yu, J.C., Teramoto, H., Crespo, P., Xu, N., Miki, T., and Gutkind, J. S. The small GTP-binding proteins Rac1 and Cdc42 regulate the activity of the JNK/SAPK signaling pathways. Cell 81: 1137-1146, 1995.
31.Dadgostar H, Cheng G. An intact zinc finger is required for tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor-mediated nuclear factor-B activation but is dispensible for c-Jun N-terminal kinase signaling. J Biol Chem. 273: 24775-24780, 1998.
32.Darnay, B. G., Haridas, V., Ni, J., Moore, P. A., and Aggarwal, B. B. Characterization of the intracellular domain of receptor activator of NF-B(RANK). Interaction with tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factors and activation of NF-B and c-Jun N-terminal kinase. J. Biol. Chem. 273: 20551-20555, 1998.
33.David DS, Christof R. Hauck, David J. Sieg. Signaling through focal adhesion kinase. Progress in Biophysics & Molecular Biology 71 : 435-78, 1999.
34.DeLuca, H.F. The vitamin D story: a collaborative effect of basic science and clinical medicine. FASEB J. 2: 224-236, 1988.
35.Demay M.B., J.M. Gerardi, H.F. DeLuca, and H. M Kronenberg. DNA sequences in the rat osteocalcin gene that bind the 1,25-dihydroxyvitamine D3 receptor and confer responsiveness to 1,25-dihydroxyvitamine D3. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 87: 369-373, 1990.
36.Derijard, B., Raingeaud, J., Barrett, T., Wu, I. H., Han, J., Ulevitch, R. J., Davis RJ. Independent human MAP kinase signal transduction pathways defined by MEK and MKK isoforms. Science 267: 682-685, 1995.
37.Destaing, O., Saltel, F., Geminard, J.C., Jurdic ,P., Bard, F. Podosome display actin turnover and dynamic self-organization in osteoclasts expressing actin-green fluorescent protein. Molecular Biology of the Cell 14, 407-416, 2003
38.Domon T and Wakita M. The three-dimensional structure of the clear zone of a cultured osteoclast. J. Electron Microsc. 40: 34-40, 1991.
39.Dong, C., Yang, D. D., Wysk, M., Whitmarsh, A. J., Davis, R. J., Flavell, R. A. Defective T Cell Differentiation in the Absence of Jnk1. Science 282: 2092-2095, 1998.
40.Eriksen EF, Colvard DS, Berg NJ. Et al. Evidence of estrogen receptors in normal human osteoblast-like cells. Science 241: 84, 1988. 41.Eriksen EF and Kassem M. The cellular basis of bone remodeling. Triangle. 31: 45-57, 1992.
42.Eriksen EF, Melsen F and mesekilde L. Reconstruction of the resorptive site in iliac trabecular bone : A kinetic model for bone resorption. Metab. Bone Dis. Rel. Res. 5: 235-242, 1984.
43.Evans JG, Correia I, Krasavina O, Watson N, Matsudaira P. Macrophage podosomes assemble at the leading lamella by growth and fragmentation. J Cell Biol. 161(4) : 697-705, 2003.
44.Felson, D.T., Zhang, Y., Hannan,M.T., Kiel, D.P., and Wilson, P.W.F. The effect of postmenopausal estrogen therphy on bone density in elderly women. N. Engl. J. Med. 329: 1141-1146, 1993.
45.Franzoso, G., Carlson, L., Xing, L., Poljak, L., Shores, E. W., Brown, K. D., Leonardi, A., Tran, T., Boyce, B. F. & Siebenlist, U. Requirement for NF-kappaB in osteoclast and B-cell development. Genes Dev. 11: 3482-3496, 1997.
46.Fraser DR and E. Kodicek. Unique biosynthesis by kidney of a biologically active vitamin D metabolite. Nature 228: 764-766, 1970.
47.Frost HM. Bone remodeling dynamics. Thomas CC, Springfield, USA, 1963.
48.Fukami Y, Nagao T, Iwasaki T, Sato K. Inhibition and activation of c-Src: the head and tail of a coin. Pharmacol Ther. 93(2-3) : 263-70, 2002.
49.Galcheva-Gargova, Z., Derijard, B., Wu, I. H., Davis R. J. An osmosensing signal transduction pathway in mammalian cells. Science 265: 806-808, 1994.
50.Galibert L, Tometsko ME, Anderson DM, Cosman D, Douggall WC. The involvement of multiple tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR)-associated of NF-B, a member of the TNFR superfamily. J Biol Chem. 273: 34120-34127, 1998.
51.Gallagher, J.C. and goldgar, D. Treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis with high doses of synthetic calcitriol. Annals of Internal Medical 113: 649-655, 1990.
52.Ganong, W.F. Hormonal control of calcium metabolism and the physiology of bone. Medical Physiology 21: 413-426, 1991.
53.Gearing, M., Rebeck, G. W., Hyman, B. T., Tigges, J., and Mirra, S. S. . Neuropathology and apolipoprotein E profile of aged chimpanzees; implications for Alzheimer disease. Proc. Natl. Acad. Aci. USA. 91: 9382-9386, 1994.
54.Geidel H. Therapic der osteoporosis. Z. Arzyl Fortbild (Jena). 89( 1 ): 13-20, 1995 Feb.
55.Geng, Y., Valbracht, J., and Lotz, M. Selective activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase subgroups c-Jun NH2 terminal kinase and p38 by IL-1 and TNF in human articular chondrocytes. J Clin Invest 98: 2425-2430, 1996.
56.Gruss, H. J., and Dower, S. K. Tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily: involvement in the pathology of malignant lymphomas. Blood 85: 3378-404, 1995.
57.Gupta, S., Campbell, D., Derijard, B., Davis R. J. Transcription factor ATF regulation by the JNK signal transduction. Science 267: 389-393, 1995.
58.Haussler MR et al. Molecular biology of the vitamin D hormone. Recent Progress In Hormone Research 44 : 263-305, 1988.
59.Henery HL and Norman AW . Vitamin D : two dihydroxylated metabolites are required for normal chicken egg hatchability. Science 201: 835-837, 1978.
60.Hibi, M. Lin, A., Smeal, T., Minden, A., karin, M. Identification of an oncoprotein and UV-resposive protein kinase that binds and potentiates the c-Jun activation domain. Genes. & Dev. 7: 2135-2148, 1993.
61.Hofbauer LC, Lacey DL, Dunstan CR, Spelsberg TC, Riggs BL, Khosla S. Interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor-, but not interleukin-6 stimulate osteoprotegerin ligand gene expression in human osteoblastic cells. Bone.24: in press, 1999.
62.Hsu, H., Lacey, D. L., Dunstan, C. R., Solovyev, I., Colombero, A., Timms, E., Tan, H. L., Elliott, G., Kelley, M. J., Sarosi, I., et al. Tumor necrosis factor receptor family member RANK mediates osteoclast differentiation and activation induced by osteoprotegerin ligand. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 96: 3540-3545, 1999.
63.Hu, H. M., K. O’Rourke, M. S. Boguski, and V. M. Dixit. A novel RING finger protein interacts with the cytoplasmic domain of CD40. J. Biol. Chem. 269: 30069-30072, 1994.
64.Hui S.L., Slemenda C.W., Johnston C.C.Jr. Age and bone mass as predictors of fracture in a prospective study. J Clin Invest 1, 81: 1804-1809, 1988.
65.Iotsova, V., Caamano, J., Loy, J., Yang, Y., Lewin, A., and Bravo, R. Osteopetrosis in mice lacking NF-kappa B1 and NF-kappa B2. Nat. Med. 3: 1285-1289, 1997.
66.Ishida, T., T. Tojo, T. Aoki, N. Kobayashi, T. Ohishi, T. Watanabe, T. Yamamoto, and J.-I. Inoue. TRAF5, a novel tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor family protein, mediates CD40 signaling. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 93: 9437-9442, 1996a.
67.Ishida, T., Mizushima, S., Azuma, S., Kobayshi, N., Tojo, T., Suzuki, K., Aizawa, S., Watanabe, T., Mosialos, G., Kieff, E., Yamamoto, T., and Inoue, J. Identification of TRAF6, a novel tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor protein that mediates signalung from an amino terminal domain of the CD40 crytoplasmic region. J. Biol. Chem. 271: 28745-28748, 1996b.
68.Itoh, N., Yonehara, S., Ishii, A., Yonehara, M., Mizushima, S., Sameshima, M., Hase, A., Seto, y., and Nagata, S. The polypeptide encoded by the cDNA for human cell surface antigan Fas can mediate apoptosis. Cell 66: 233-43, 1991.
69.Kanis, J.A. Calcium nutrition and its implications for osteoporosis. Part I. Children and healthy adults. Europ. J. Clin. Nutr.48: 757-767, 1994.
70.Kanis, J.A. Calcium nutrition and its implications for osteoporosis. Part II. After menopause. Europ. J. Clin. Nutr. 48: 833-841, 1994.
71.Kong, Y. Y., U. Feige, I. Sarosi, B. Bolon, A. Tafuri, S. Morony, C. Capparelli, J. Li, R. Elliott, S. McCabe, T. Wong, G. Campagnuolo, E. Moran, E. R. Bogoch, G. Van, L. T. Nguyen, P. S. Ohashi, D. L. Lacey, E. Fish, W. J. Boyle, and J. M. Penninger. Activated T cells regulate bone loss and joint destruction in adjuvant arthritis through osteoprotegerin ligand. Nature 402: 304, 1999.
72.Kuan, C. Y., Yang, D. D., Samanta, Roy, D. R., davis, R. J., rakic, P., Flavell, R. A. The Jnk1 and Jnk2 Protein Kinase Are required for regional specific apoptosis during early brain development. Neuron 22: 667-676, 1999.
73.Kushida K. Pharmacologic therapy of osteoporosis. Nippon Rinsho 52(9): 2367-2377.
74.Kwon BS, Wang S, Udagawa N, Haridas V, Lee Zh, Kim KK, Oh K-O, Green J, Li Y, Su J, Gentz r, Aggarwal BB, Ni J. TR1, a new member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor family, induces fibroblast proliferation and inhibits osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption. FASEB J 12: 845-854, 1998.
75.Kyrakis, J. M., Banerjee, P., Nikolakaki, E., Dai, T., Rubie, E. A., Ahmad, M. F., Avruch, J., Woodgett, J. R. The stress activated protein kinase subfamily of c-Jun kinase. Nature 369: 156-160, 1994.
76.Lacey, D. L., Timms, E., Tan, H. L., Keley, M. J., Dunstan, C. R., Burgess, T., Elliott, R., Colombero, A., Elliott, G., Scully, S., Hsu, Sullivan, J., Hawkins, N., Davy, E., Capparelli, C., Eli, A., Qian, Y. X., Kaufman, S., Sarosi, I., Schlhoub, V., Senaldi, G., Guo, J., Delaney, J., and Boyle, W. J. Osteoprotegerin ligand is a cytokine that regulates osteoclast differentiation and activation. Cell 93: 165-76, 1998.
77.Liu, Z.-G., Hsu, H., Goeddel, D. V., and Karin, M. Dissection of TNF receptor 1 effector functions: JNK activation is not linked to apoptosis while NF-kappaB activation prevents cell death. Cell 87: 565-576, 1996.
78.Lomaga, M. A., Yeh, W. C., Sarosi, I., Duncan, G. S., Furlonger, C., Ho, A., Morony, S., Capparelli, C., Van, G., Kaufman, S., et al. TRAF6 deficiency results in osteopetrosis and defective interleukin-1, CD40, and LPS signaling. Genes Dev. 13: 1015-1024, 1999.
79.Lorenz C. H., Sundeep K., Colin R. D., David L. L., William J. B., and B. Lawrence Riggs. The roles of osteoprotegerin and osteoprotegerin ligand in the paracrine regulation of bone resorption. J Bone Miner Res.15: 2-12, 2000.
80.Macintyre I, Imogen M., Evans I.M.A. Larkins R.G. Vitamin D Clinical Endocrinology 6: 65-79, 1977.
81.Mackay, I. P. and M. Crossley. Zinc fingers are sticking together. Trends Biochem. Sci.23: 1-4, 1998.
82.Malinin, N. L., Boldin, M. P., Kovalenko, A. V., and Wallach, D. MAP3K-related kinase involved in NF-B induction by TNF, CD95 and IL-1. Nature 385: 540-544, 1997.
83.Matsuda, S., Moriguchi, T., Koyasu, S., Nishida, E. T lymphocytes activation signals for interleukin-2 production of MKK6-p38 and MKK7-JNK/SAPK signaling pathways sensitive to cyclospoein. A. J. Biol. Chem. 273: 123778-123782, 1998.
84.Matsui, K., Fine, A., Zhu, B., marshak-Rothstein, A., Ju, S. T. Identification of two NF-kB sites in mouse CD95 ligand (Fas ligand) promoter: functional analysis in T cell Hybridoma. J. Immunol. 161: 3469-3473, 1998.
85.Maundrell, K., Antossan, B., Magnenat, E., Camps, M., Muda, M., chabert, C., Gilleiron, C., Boschert, U., Vial-Knecht, E., Martinou, J. C., Arkinstallm, S. Bcl-2 Undergoes Phosphorylation by c-Jun N-terminal Kinase/Stress-activated Protein Kinase in the presence of the ponstitutively active GTP-binding protein Rac1. J. Biol. Chem. 272: 25238-25242, 1997.
86.May, M. J., and Ghosh, S. Signal transduction through NH-kappa B. Immunol. Today 19; 80-88, 1998.
87.Martin G.S. The hunting of the Src. Nature Reviews 2:467- 475, 2001
88.Milne, D. M., Campbell, L. E., Campbell, D. G., Meek, D. E. p53 is phosphorylated in vitro by an ultraviolet radiation-induced protein kinase characteristic of the c-Jun kinase, JNK1. J. Biol. Chem. 270: 5511-5518, 1995.
89.Minden, A., Lin, A., Claret, F. X., Abo, A., and Karin, M. Selective activation of the JNK signaling cascade and c-Jun transcriptional activity by the small GTPases Rac and Cdc42Hs. Cell 81: 1147-1157, 1995.
90.Mizuno, A., Amizuka, N., Irie, K., Murakami, A., Fujise, N., Kanno, T., Sato, Y., Yano, K., Shima, N., Washida, N., Tsuda, E., Morinaga, T., Higashio, K., and Ozawa, H. Severe osteoporosis in mice lacking osteoclastogenesis inhibitory factor/osteoprotegerin. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 247: 610-615, 1998.
91.Miyazaki T, Sanjay A, Neff L, Tanaka S, Horne W.C. , Baron R. Src Kinase Activity Is Essential for Osteoclast Function. The Journal of Cell Biological Chemistry 279:17660-17666, 2004.
92.Mosialos, G., M. Birkenbach, R. Yalamanchili, T. vanArsdale, C. Ware, and E. Kieff. The Epstein-Barr virus transforming protein LMP1 engages signaling proteins for the tumor necrosis factor receptor family. Cell 80: 389-399, 1995.
93.Muzio, M., Ni, J., Feng, P., and Dixit, V. M. IRAK(Pelle) family member TRAK-2 and MyD88 as proximal mediators of IL-1 signaling. Science 278: 1612-1615, 1997.
94.Nagata, S. Apoptosis by death factor. Cell 88: 355-65, 1997.
95.Nakano, H., H. Oshima, W. Chung, L. Williams-Abbott, C. F. Ware, H. Yagita, and K. Okumura. TRAF5, an activator of NF-B and putative signal transducer for the lymphotoxin-receptor. J. Biol. Chem. 271: 14661-14664, 1996.
96.Natoli, G.,Costanzo, A., Moretti, F., Fulco, M. balsano, C., Levrero, M. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor 1 signaling downstream of TNF receptor associated factor 2. Nuclear factor kappaB (NF kappaB)-inducing kinase requirement for activation of activating protein 1 and NF kappaB but not of c-Jun N-terminal kinase/stress activated protein kinase. J. Biol. Chem. 272: 26079-26082, 1997.
97.Nakamura I, Pilkington MF, Lakkakorpi PT, Lipfert L, Sims SM, Dixon SJ, Rodan GA, Duong LT. Role of alpha(v)beta(3) integrin in osteoclast migration and formation of the sealing zone. J Cell Sci. 112 ( 22) : 3985-93, 1999.
98.Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2004 Aug;5(8):647-57.Podosomes: adhesion hot-spots of invasive cells.Trends Cell Biol. 13(7) : 376-85, 2003.
99.Norman AW et al. 1,25(OH)2-vitamine D3, a steroid hormone the produces biological effect via both genomic and non-genomic pathway. J. steroid Biochemistry & Molecular Biology 41: 231-240, 1992.
100.Pan, G., O’Rourke, K., Chinnaiyan, a. M., Gentz, R., Ebner, R., Ni, J., and Dixit, V. M. The receptor for the cytotoxic ligand TRAIL. Science 276: 111-3, 1997.
101.Pfaff M, Jurdic P. Podosomes in osteoclast-like cells: structural analysis and cooperative roles of paxillin, proline-rich tyrosine kinase 2 (Pyk2) and integrin alphaVbeta3. J Cell Sci. 114(15) : 2775-86, 2001.
102.Pols HAP, Birkenhager JC, Foeken JA et al. Vitamin D : a modulator of cell proliferation and differentiation. J. Steroid Biochemistry & Molecular Biology 37 : 873-876, 1990.
103.Pondel M. Calcitonin and calcitonin receptors: bone and beyond. Int J Exp Pathol. 81(6) : 405-22, 2000.
104.Reginster J.Y. Calcitonin foe prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. Horm. Res, 9 5( 5A ): 44S-47S, 1993.
105.Reginster J.Y. Treatment of bone in elderly subjects : calcium, vitamin D, fluor, bisphosphonates, calcitonin. Hom Res 43(1-3): 83-88, 1995.
106.Regnier, C. H., C. Tomasetto, C. Moog-Lutz, M.-P. Chenard, C. Wendling, P. Basset, and M.-C. Rio. Presence of a new conserved domain in CART1, a novel member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated protein family, which is expressed in breast carcinoma. J. Biol. Chem. 270: 25715-25721, 1995.
107.Reichel H, Koeffler HP and Norman AW. The role of vitamin D endocrine system in health and disease. New England J. Medicine 320: 980-991, 1989.
108.Riggs B.L., Gallagher J.C., Deluca H.F., Edis A.J., Lambert P.W., Arnaud C.D. A symdrome of osteoporosis, increased serum immunoreactive PTH, and inappropriately low serum 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D. Mayo Clin Proc 53: 701-706, 1978. 109.Riggs BL, Melton LT, The world problem of osteoporosis insights afforded by epidiology. Bone 17 suppl: 505s-511s, 1995.
110.Rothe, M., S. C. Wong, W. J. Henzel, and D. V. Goddel. A novel family of putative signal transducers associated with the cytoplasmic domain of the 75 kDa tumor necrosis factor receptor. Cell 78: 681-692, 1994.
111.Roulston, A., Reinhard, C., amiri, p., and Williams, L. T. Early activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase and p38 kinase regulate cell survival in response to tumor necrosis factor alpha. Journal of Biological Chemistry 273: 10232-10239, 1998.
112.Rubin CD. Southwestern internal medicine conference : Age-related osteoporosis. Am. J. Med. Sci. 301: 281-297, 1991.
113.Sabapathy, K., Hu, Y., Kalluki, T., Schreiber, M., David, J. P., Jochum, W., Wanger, E. F., Karin, M. JNK2 is required for efficient T-cell activation and apoptosis but not for normal lymphocyte development. Curr. Biol. 9: 116-125, 1999.
114.Sato, T., S. Irie, and J. C. Reed. A novel member of yhe TRAF family of putative signal transducing proteins binds to the cytosolic domain of CD40. FEBS Lett. 358: 113-118, 1995.
115.Sakai H, Kobayashi Y, Sakai E, Shibata M, Kato Y. Cell adhesion is a prerequisite for osteoclast survival. Biochem Biophys Res Commun.270(2):550-6, 2000.
116.Sanjay A, Houghton A, Neff L, DiDomenico E, Bardelay C, Antoine E, Levy J, Gailit J, Bowtell D, Horne WC, Baron R. Cbl associates with Pyk2 and Src to regulate Src kinase activity, alpha(v)beta(3) integrin-mediated signaling, cell adhesion, and osteoclast motility. J Cell Biol. 152(1) : 181-95, 2001.
117.Sheridan, J. P., Marsters, S. A., Pitti, R. M., Gurney, A., Skubatch, M., Baldwin, D., Ramakrishnan, L., Gray, C. L., Baker, K., Wood, W. L., Goddard, A. D., Godwski, P., and Ashkenazi, A. Control of YTAIL-induced apoptosis by a family of signaling and decoy receptors [see comments]. Science 277: 818-21, 1997.
118.Simonet, W. S., Lacey, D. L., Dunstan, C. R., Helley, M., Chang, M.-S., Lüthy, R., Nguyen, H. Q., Wooden, S., Bennett, L., Boone,T., Shimamoto, G.,, DeRose, M., Elliott, R., Colombero, A., Tan, H.-L., Trail, G., Sullivan, J., Davy, E., Bucay, N., Renshaw-Gegg, L., Hughes, T. M., Hill, D., Pattison, W., Campbell, P., Sander, S., Van, G., Tarpley, J., Derby, P., Lee, R., and Boyle, W. J. Osteoprotegerin : a novel secreted protein involved in the regulation of bone density. Cell 89: 309-319, 1997.
119.Sindy C, Marks J and Steven NP. Bone cell biology : The of development, structure and function in the skeleton. Amer. J. Anat. 183: 1-44, 1988.
120.Smeal, T., Binetruy, B., Mercila, D., Grover-bardwuck, A., Heidecker, G., Rapp, U. R., Karin, M. Oncoprotein-mediated signaling cascade stimulates c-Jun acyivity by phosphorylation of Ser63 and 73. Mol. Cell. Biol.12: 3507-3513, 1992.
121.Song, H. Y., Regnier, C. H., Kirschning, C. J., Goeddel, D. V., and Rothe, M. Tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-mediated kinase cascades:Bifurcation of nuclear factor-B and c-jun N-terminal kinase(JNK/SAPK)pathways at TNF receptor-associated factor 2. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 94: 9792-9726, 1997.
122.Suzuki H, Nakamura I, Takahashi N, Ikuhara T, Matsuzaki K, Isogai Y, Hori M, Suda T. Calcitonin-induced changes in the cytoskeleton are mediated by a signal pathway associated with protein kinase A in osteoclasts. Endocrinology 137(11) : 4685-90, 1996.
123.Tan H-L, Van G, Scully S, Shimamoto G, Kelley M, Boyle B, Dunstan C, Lacey D. Recombinant osteoprotegerin (OPG), a novel TNF-receptor family member, inhibits in vitro murine osteoclast formation from bone marrow precursors. (abstract P213). J Bone Miner Res 12(Suppl 1): S155, 1997.
124.Tanaka, M., Suda, T., haze, K., Nakamura, N., sato, K., Kimura, F., Motoyoshi, K., Mizuki, M., tagawa, S., Ohga, S., and Hatake, K. Drummond AH, Nagata S. fas ligand in human serum. Nat. Med. 2: 317-322, 1996.
125.Tartaglia, l. A., Ayres, T. M., Wong, G. H., and Goddel, D. V. A novel domain within the 55kd TNF receptor signals celll death. Cell 74: 845-53, 1993.
126.Tatosyan A.G., Mizenina O.A. Kinase of the Src Family: Structure and Functions. Translated from Biokhimiya, 65: 57-67, 2000.
127.Tsuda E, Goto M, Mochizuki S-I, Yano K, Kobayashi F, Morinaga T, Higashio K. Isolation of a novel cytokine from human fibroblasts that specifically inhibits osteoclastogenesis. Biochem Biophys Res Com 234: 137-142, 1997.
128.Tsukii N, Shima N, Mochizuki S, yamaguchi K, Kinosaki M, Yano K, Shibata O, Udagawa N, Yasuda H, Suda T, Higashio K. Osteoclast differentiation factor mediates an essential signal for bone resorption induced by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, prostaglandin E2, or parathyroid hormone in the microenvironment of bone. Biochem Biophys res Com 246: 337-341, 1998.
129.Veenstra TD et al. 1,25-dihydroxyvitamine D3 receptors in the central nervous system of the rat embro. Brain Research 804 : 193-205, 1998.
130.Wang, Z. Q., Ovitt, C., Grigoriadis, A. E., Mohle-Steinlein, U., ruther, U. & wagner, E. F. Nature (London) 360: 741-745, 1992.
131.Ware, C. F., vanArsdale, S., and VanArsdale, T. L. Apoptosis mediated by the TNF-related cytokine and receptor families. Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 60: 47-55, 1996.
132.Weiss L. Cell and Tissue Biology : A Textbook of Histology. Six edition, Urban & Schwarzenberg Inc., USA, 1988.
133.Wesche, H., Henzel, W. J., Shillinglaw, W., Li, S., and Cao, Z. MyD88: An adapter that recruits IRAK to the IL-1 receptor complex. Immunity 7: 837-847, 1997.
134.Wiley, S. r., Schooley, k, Smolak, p. J., Din, W. S., huang, C. P., Nicholl, J. K., Sutherland, G. R., Smith, T. D., rauch, C., Smith, C. A., and et al. Identification and characterization of a new member of the TNF family that induces apoptosis. Immunity 3: 673-82, 1995.
135.Wong, B. R., Josien, R., Lee, S. Y., sauter, B., li, H. L., Steinman, R. M., and Choi, Y. TRANCE (tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-related activation-induced cytokine), a new TNF family member predominantly expressed in T cells, is a dendritic cell-specific survival factor. Journal of Experimental medicine 186: 2075-80, 1997.
136.Wong BR, Josien R, Young Lee S, Vologodskaia M, Steinman RM, Choi Y. The TRAF family of sihnal transducers mediates NF-kB activation by the TRANCE receptor. J Biol Chem. 273: 28355-28359, 1998.
137.Yamaguchi, K., Kinosaki, M., Goto, M., Kobayashi, F., Tsuda, E., Morinaga, T., and Higashio, K. Characterization of structural domains of human osteoclastogenesis inhibitory factor. J. Biol. Chem. 273: 5117-5123, 1998.
138.Yang, D. D., Conze, D., Whitmarsh, A. J., Barrett, T., Davis, R. J., Ricon, M., Flavell, R. A. Differentiation of CD4+ T Cells to Th1 Cells Requires MAP Kinase JNK2. Immunity 9: 575-585, 1998.
139.Yasuda H, Shima N, Nakagawa N, Yamaguchi K, Kinosaki M, Mochizuki S-I, Tomoyasu A, Yano K, Goto M, Murakami A, Tsuda E, Morinaga T, Higashio K, Udagawa N, Takahashi N, Suda T. Osteoclast differentiation factor is a ligand for osteoprotegerin/osteoclastogenesis-inhibitory factor and is identical to TRANCE/RANKL. Proc Natl Acad Sci 95: 3597-3602, 1998.
140.Yeh, W. C., Shahinian, A., Speiser, D., Kraunus, J., Billia, F., Wakeham, A., de la Pompa, J. L., Ferrick, D., Hum, B., Iscove, N., et al. Early lethality, functional NF-B activation, and increased sensitivity to TNF-induced cell death in TRAF-2 deficient mice. Immunity 7: 715-725, 1997.
141.Yuasa, T., Ohno, S., Kehrl, J. H., and Kyriakis, J. M. Tumor necrosis factor signaling to stress-activated protein kinase(SAPK)/Jun NH2-terminal kinase(JNK) and p38. Germinal center kinase/ERK kinase kinase 1 and SAPK while receptor interacting protein associates with a mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase upstream of MKK6 and p38. J. Biol. Chem.273: 22681-22692, 1998.
142.Wang, Y. L.. Exchange of actin subunits at the leading edge of living fibroblasts: possible role of treadmilling. The Journal of Cell Biology 101 597-602, 1998.
143.Zhang, Z., Neff, L., Bothwell, A. L. M., Baron, R., and Horne, W. C. Calcitonin induces dephosphorylation of Pyk2 and phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase in osteoclast. Bone 31, 359-365, 2002.
|