臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

拉岡曾經說過：「女人渴望被要，而不是被愛。」渴望被要是指在形象上，女性盡可能讓自己在別人眼中是迷人的、是美好的，而不去發掘自己真正的感覺和真正想要什麼，也就是視女性為慾望的客體。然而我認為這是父權社會裡壓抑女性欲望的一種磨難，而不是如他所相信的是女性的一個正常特質。根據寶麗‧楊愛森德瑞斯博士在其著作《快樂女人從自主開始》中提到女性唯有跳脫被需要兒—打破傳統父權社會的規範、跨出疆界，才能成為可掌控自己慾望的主人，也才能擁有自主的人生。寶麗‧楊愛森德瑞斯博士對於女性如何跳脫被需要有兩點基本論述，首先需清楚明白自己想要什麼—自己的慾望為何，接著對自己的慾望負責，即使面對責難和挑戰對自己立場仍然堅定不動搖。亨利‧詹姆士《碧廬冤孽》中女教師的故事刻劃了一個女人在父權社會的限制下如何去發展她的自主。女教師象徵著女人如何伸張自己的自主權，進而掌控自己行動的歷程。
本論文共分五章。第一章「序文」將根據寶麗‧楊愛森德瑞斯博士對於女性如何跳脫被需要的迷思以成為一個真正自由的主體的論點，做為論文的主題。第二章「主體的建立」說明女教師如何成為慾望的主體並清楚自己的需要和動機。第三章「愛的追尋」將探討女教師如何努力試圖滿足她愛的渴望。第四章「女教師和鬼魅之間的權力鬥爭」將探討女教師如何和邪惡的鬼魅角力來保護她所愛的的小孩以及捍衛她在柏來山莊的權威地位。第五章「結論」結合了二、三、四章，分析它們之間的關聯性並做出最後的結論。

The French psychoanalyst Jacques Lacan said, “most women want to be wanted, not to be loved.” Beyond being wanted is something about images. Women try to appear attractive, nice, or good to someone else, instead of discovering what they actually feel and want for themselves. That is, women are viewed as the object of the desire. However, I see it as a damaging afflicnon of female development in patriarchal societies where women are expected to repress their desires instead of seeing it as a normal aspect of female character. According to Women and Desire by Dr. Polly Young-Eisendrath, if women want to be beyond being wanted, they have to break the rules, to move beyond the boundaries that have been set for them over the centuries by male standards and desires. Then they can really become aware of their actual desires and in living by their own intentions. Being the subject of their desires means not just asserting what they want but taking responsibility for their desires as well. Being assertive means clearly stating their own needs and desires, taking responsibility carries the additional meaning of answering for themselves, choosing ethically, and being trustworthy. Taking responsibility is the step that follows being assertive even in the face of conflicts and challenges. The story of the governess in Henry James’ The Turn of the Screw symbolizes the development of a woman’s self-determination within the confines of a patriarchal tradition. She also symbolizes a process through which a woman claims the authority to be her own person, to command her own actions.
There are five chapters in this thesis. In Chapter One “Introduction,” I want to offer the topics and main ideas Dr. Polly Young-Eisendrath discusses in her work Women and Desire in my thesis. In Chapter Two In Chapter Two “The Formation of Subjectivity,” I want to discuss the process that the governess forms her subject position to have her own desires and actions under her command. In Chapter Three “Search for Love,” I examine how the governess knows her needs for love and how to be responsible for her needs for love. In Chapter Four “Power Struggles between the Governess and the Ghosts,” I talk about how the governess needs for power to protect the angelic children and her authoritative position at Bly. In Chapter Five “Conclusion,” I combine the previous three chapters, analyze the relations among them and make my conclusion.

Table of Contents

Chapter One:

Introduction………………………………...……………...1



Chapter Two:

The Formation of Subjectivity out of Objectivity………..13



Chapter Three:

Search for Love and Power……………………………32



Chapter Four:

Power Struggles…………………………………………..56



Chapter Five:

Conclusion……………..…………………………………84



Works Cited……………………………………………………………..97

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