臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

超音速的傳導的爆震波具有嚴重殺傷性，且其移動過程與障礙物產生之反射現象及與其他震波發生之交互作用影響非常複雜，本研究主要透過數值模擬方式，了解爆炸波的行為。計算上，利用有限體積法解算三維相關非黏性流的Euler方程式與暫態流場。並使用多區塊格點系統與通量計算模式的方法，研究震波傳輸複雜的現象。在模擬複雜的震波傳遞問題，以上風TVD (Total Variation Diminishing)數值法解無黏性Euler方程組。採用人工耗散項最小的Roe’s Solver，配合Kappa高階MUSCL (monotone upwind-centered schemes for conservation laws) Scheme解決在空間通量計算方面的問題；而在時間離散方面，則採用具二階精度的Hancock法則進行時間積分。這模擬的結果可以預測出爆炸波對防爆掩體壁面衝擊和通過隧道的特性行為，研究發現了在封閉式與開放式的掩體中之流場結構、壓力分佈和和震波/震波、震波/渦流相互影響的複雜現象。另一研究主題爆震波對輪型裝甲車之影響，輪型裝甲車輛於戰場任務以人員、武器、裝備運輸為主，其高速機動能力可為陸地戰場戰術運用之主要工具，於炸彈爆炸時，直接受到砲彈碎片及爆震波之衝擊損害，本研究亦採用數值模擬方式研究於輪型裝甲車附近不穩定爆炸產生爆震波交互作用之狀況，研究目標鎖定於輪型裝甲車於爆震波傳導、反射、交互作用之影響，尤其是車前及底盤。最後複雜流場結構及分析所得之
結果係屬合理。

The leading edge of a blast wave is in the form of a shock wave which propagates at supersonic speed and is capable of causing severe damage. This study investigates the behavior of blast waves by employing the finite volume method to solve the associated three-dimensional, time-dependent, inviscous flow Euler equations. The complex transitional shock phenomena are investigated by means of a multi-block mesh system and a flux computational model. In simulating the complex shock propagation problem, the Total Variation Diminishing (TVD) upwind method is applied to solve the Euler equations. Spatial discretization is performed using Roe’s solver with high-order Kappa Monotone Upwind-centered Schemes for Conservation Laws (MUSCL) interpolation. Time integration is achieved via the second-order explicit Hancock method. The simulation results enable the prediction of the blast wave behavior as it impacts against the wall of a bomb shelter and travels through its smooth tunnel Specifically, this study identifies the complex phenomena of flow structures, pressure distributions, and shock-shock and shock-vortex interactions for closed-ended and open-ended bomb shelters. The numerical results are shown in good agreement with the experimental results obtained from shock tube flow studies. Meanwhile, a wheeled armored vehicle case is simulated in this study. Wheeled armored vehicles are used for transportation of combat crew, weapon systems and facilities in the battlefields. The highly mobility is also the primary requirement under the tactical deployment missions. The fragments and blast waves generated by an explosion of a bomb would damage the vehicle and crew. In this study, numerical investigation about the interaction of a blast wave in an unsteady explosion with a wheeled armored vehicle is presented. The objective of this paper aims at the study of blasting wave propagation, reflection and interaction with vehicle, especially those around the front and chassis regions. The result of complex flow structure and analysis of pressure distribution are presented in this work.

目錄
摘要 Ⅰ
英文摘要 Ⅲ
誌謝 Ⅴ
目錄 Ⅵ
圖目錄 Ⅸ
符號說明 VI

第1章 前言 1
1.1. 基本流場描述. 1
1.1.1 震波與爆震波流場特性 2
1.1.2 衝擊波效應與超壓(Overpressure)、動壓(pressure)的特性 3
1.2. 文獻回顧 3
1.3 研究內容 5
第2章 數學模式 7
2.1. 統御方程式 7
2.2. 無因次化處理 8
第3章 數值方法 10
3.1. 有限體積法 10
3.2. 空間離散與通量計算 11

3.3. 時間離散 14
第4章 網格系統與邊界條件之處理 19
4.1. 網格系統 19
4.2. 邊界條件之處理 22
4.2.1 邊界條件之定義 22
4.2.2 物體壁面邊界處理 23
4.2.3 遠處邊界條件 24
4.2.4 網格區塊交接邊界條件 24
4.2.5 對稱流場之邊界條件 25
4.2.6 面對稱之流場邊界條件 25
第5章 結果與討論 26
5.1 程式驗證 26
5.1.1 震波管近場流場 26
5.1.2 量測點之超高壓力比較 28
5.2 爆震波衝擊物件流場現象分析 30
5.2.1 爆震波對防爆掩體的衝擊 30
5.2.1.1 案例1 封閉式的防爆掩體 31
5.2.1.1.1 流場結構現象 31
5.2.1.1.2 防爆掩體牆角的流場現象 33
5.2.1.2 案例2 開放式的防爆掩體 34
5.2.1.2.1 發展的流場結構 34
5.2.1.2.2 掩體隧道內之壓力-時間軌跡分佈 37
5.2.1.3 案例之間的比較 39
5.2.2 爆震波對六輪裝甲車的衝擊 40
5.2.2.1 爆震波暫態傳遞和影響 40
5.2.2.2 裝甲車周圍壓力時間圖 44
第6章 結論與建議 48
參考文獻 50
作者簡介 55

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