李桂蜂,康裕财,孙际佳,何建国,2003。酵母多糖对赤眼鳟非特异性免疫机能的影响。中山大学学报42,55-58。
呂明毅,劉擎華,2000。石斑魚的養殖生物學之研究。石斑魚繁養殖技術改進與疾病防治研討會,pp.24-32。
沈士傑,1993。台灣魚類誌,pp.278-298。
沈永紹,1991。獸醫實驗診斷學提要,第三版。華香園出版社。
吳政翰,2004。β-葡聚多醣體對小白鼠吞噬細胞之吞噬作用和細胞素的影響。國立臺灣大學動物學研究碩士論文。林欣穎,2002。裂褶菌多醣體的濃度分析及其對小白鼠之抗氧化活性測試。國立臺灣大學動物學研究碩士論文。林美雲,1983。馬來西亞沙巴州鱸滑石斑(Epinephelus tauvina)箱網養殖試驗。中國水產 358,17-20。邵廣昭,1996。台灣常見魚介貝類圖說(下),78 pp.。
施亞男,2004。葡聚多醣體與維他命C對海鱺非特異性免疫反應的影響。國立台灣海洋大學水產養殖研究所碩士論文。徐崇哲,1997。養殖石斑類虹彩病毒之分離、特性及病原性相關之研究。國立台灣海洋大學水產養殖研究所碩士論文。陳悠里,2001。幾丁聚醣和其衍生物對馬拉巴石斑魚免疫力的影響。國立中山大學海洋生物研究所碩士論文。陳瑤湖,2000。石斑魚養殖產業分析。石斑魚繁養殖技術改進與疾病防治研討會,pp.1-4。
黃沂訓,2000。台灣水產養殖趨勢與石斑魚養殖。石斑魚繁養殖技術改進與疾病防治研討會,pp.34-43。
黃丁士、林金榮、顏枝麟、劉繼源、陳其林,1985。鮭形石斑之人工繁殖-Ⅰ種魚的催熟、採卵及胚胎的發育。台灣省水產試驗所澎湖分所試驗報告彙集 5,31-49。
黃貴民,1999。實用石斑魚養殖。水產出版社,pp.1-2。
張正芳,楊佳宏,陳紫媖,蘇茂森,2003。以β-1,3-1,6-glucan增強養殖海鱺抵抗巴斯德捍菌感染之能力的研究。水試專訊 4,7-10。廖述育,2003。葡聚多醣體與維生素C對白蝦非特異性免疫反應的影響。國立台灣海洋大學水產養殖研究所碩士論文。劉擎華,鄭安倉,蔡賢築,2000。維他命C在水產養殖產物之應用。養魚世界 2,14-17。蕭錫延,2000。水產動物之維生素需求。水產養殖疾病防治與飼料調配研習會,pp.1-74。
蘇偉銘,1999。病原性弧菌其細胞外產物與石斑魚血清成份之交互作用。國立台灣海洋大學水產養殖研究所碩士論文。Anderson, D.P., Siwicki, A.K., Rumsey, G.L., 1995. Injecton or immersion delivery of selected immunostimulants to trout demonstrate enhancement of nonspecific defense mechanisms and protective immunity. In: Shariff, M., Subasighe, R.P., Arthur, J.R. (Eds.), Diseases in Asian Aquaculture Vol. 11. Fish Health Section, Asian Fisheries Society, Manila, Philippines, pp. 413-426.
Andrews, J.W., Murai, T., 1975. Studies of the vitamin C requirements of the channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus). J. Nutr. 105, 557-561.
Alexis, M.N., Karanikolas, K.K., Richards, R.H., 1997. Pathological findings owing to the lack of ascorbic acid in cultured gilthead bream (Sparus aurata L.). Aquaculture 151, 209-218.
Ashley, L.M., Halver, J.E., Smith, R.R., 1975. Ascorbic acid deficiency in rainbow trout and coho salmon and effects on wound healing. In: Riibelin, W.E., Migaki, E. (Eds.), The Pathology of Fishes. University of Wisconsin Press, Madison, pp. 769-786.
Baulny, M.O.D., Quentel, C., Fournier, V., Lamour, F., Gouvello, R.L., 1996. Effect of long-term oral administration of β-glucan as an immunostimulant or an adjuvant on some non-specific parameters of the immune response of turbot Scophthalmus maximus. Dis. Aquat. Org. 26, 139-147.
Bergmeyer, H.U., Høder, M., Rej, R., 1986. Approved recommendation on IFCC methods for the measurement of catalytic concentration of enzymes. Part 3. IFCC Method for alanine aminotrasferase. J. Clin. Chem. Biochem. 24, 481-489.
Blazer, V., 1991. Piscine macrophage function and nutritional influences: A review. J. Aquat. Anim. Health 3, 77-86.
Bradford, M.M., 1976. A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein using the principle of protein-dye binding. Analyt. Biochem. 72, 248-254.
Cain, K.D., Grabowski, L., Reilly, J., Lytwyn, M., 2003. Immunomodulatory effects of a bacterial-derived β-1,3 glucan administered to tilapia (Oreochromis nilotocus L.) in a Spirulina-based diet. Aquacult. Res. 24, 1241-1244.
Chavez, D., Martinez, M.C., 1990. Vitamin C requirement of the Mexican native cichlid Cichlasoma urophthalmus (Gunther). Aquaculture 86, 409-416.
Chen, D., Ainsworth, A.J., 1992. Glucan administration potetiates immune defense mechanisms of channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus Rafineque. J. Fish Dis. 15, 295-304.
Choudhury, D., Pal, A.K., Sahu, N.P., Kumar, S., Das, S.S., Mukherjee, S.C., 2005. Dietary yeast RNA supplementation reduces mortality by Aeromonas hydrophila in rohu (Labeo rohita L.) juveniles. Fish Shellfish Immunol. 19, 281-291.
Cook, M.T., Hayball, P.J., Hutchinson, W., Nowak, B., Hayball, J.D., 2001. The efficacy of a commercial β-glucan preparation, EcoActive, on stimulating respiratory burst activity of head-kidney macrophages from pink snapper (Pagrus auratus), Sparidae. Fish Shellfish Immunol. 11, 661-672.
Couso, N., Castro, R., Magarions, B., Obach, A., Lamas, J., 2003. Effect of oral administration of glucan on the resistance of gilthead seabream to pasteurellosis. Aquaculture 219, 99-109.
Couso, N., Castro, R., Noya, M., Obach, A., Lamas, J., 2001. Location of superoxide production sites in turbot neutrouphils and gilthead seabream acidophilic granulocytes during phagocytosis of glucan particles. Dev. Comp. Immunol. 25, 607-618.
Dabrowski, K., Kock, G., Frigg, M., Wieser, W., 1990. Requirement and utilization of ascorbic acid and ascorbate sulfate in juvenile rainbow trout. Aquaculture 91, 317-337.
Dekinkelin, P., Baudouy, A.M., Le Berre, M., 1977. Reaction de la truite fario (Salmo trutta, L. 1766) et are-en-ciel (Salmo gairdenri Richardson, 1836) a I’infection par un nouveau rhabdovirus. Comptes Rendus de I’Acdemie des Sciences Paris. 248, 401-404.
Di Giulio, R.T., Washburn, P.C., Wenning, R.J., Winston, G.W., Jewell, C.S., 1989. Biochemical responses in aquatic animals: A review of determinants of oxidative stress. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 8, 1103-1123.
Doumas, B.T., Watson, W.A., Biggs, H.G., 1971. Albumin standard and the measurement of serum albumin with bromcresol green. Clin. Chim. Acta. 31, 87-96.
Duncan, P.L., Klesius, P.H., 1996. Dietary immunostimulants enhance nonspecific immune responses in channel catfish but not resistance to Edwardsiella ictaluri. J. Aquat. Amin. Health. 8, 308-313.
Dunier, M., Vergnet, C., Siwicki, A.K., Verlhac, V., 1995. Effect of lindane exposure on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) immunity. Ⅳ. Prevention of nonspecific and specific immunosuppression by dietary vitamin C (ascorbate-2-polyphosphate). Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. 30, 259-268.
Durve, V.S., Lovell, R.T., 1982. Vitamin C and disease resistance in channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus). Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 39, 948-951.
Ellis, A.E., 1989. The immunology of teleosts. In: Roberts, R.J. (Eds.), Fish pathology. Bailliere Tindall, London, England, pp. 135-152.
Ellis, A.E., 1999. Immunity to bacteria in fish. Fish Shellfish Immunol. 9, 291-308.
Ellis, A.E., 2001. The immunology of teleosts. In: Roberts, R.J. (Eds.), Fish pathology. Bailliere Tindall, London, England, pp. 133-150.
Engstad, R.E., Robertsen, B., 1993. Recognition of yeast cell wall glucan by Atlatic salmon (Salmo salar L.) macrophages. Dev. Comp. Immunol. 17, 319-330.
Engstad, R.E., Robertsen, B., Frivold, E., 1992. Yeast glucan induces increase in activity of lysozyme and complement-mediated haemolytic activity in Atlantic salmon blood. Fish Shellfish Immunol. 2, 287-297.
Erdal, J.I., Evensen, O., Kaursted, O.K., Lillehaug, A., Solbakken, R., Thord, K., 1991. Relationship between diet and immune response in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) after feeding various levels of ascorbic acid and omega- fatty acids. Aquaculture 98, 363-379.
Evans, D.L., Jaso-Friedmann, L., 1992. Nonspecific cytotoxic cells as effectors of immunity in fish. Annu. Rev. Fish Dis. 2, 109-121.
Eya, J.C., 1996. 〝Broken-skull disease〞in African catfish Clarias gariepinus is related to a dietary deficiency of ascorbic acid. J. World Aquacult. Soc. 27, 493-498.
Fletcher, T.C., 1982. Non-specific defence mechanisms of fish. Dev. Comp. Immunol. 2, 123-132.
Graham, S., Secombes, C.J., 1988. The production of a macrophage-activating factor from rainbow trout Salmo gairdneri leucocytes. Immunol. 65, 293-297.
Grinde, B., 1989. A lysozyme isolated from rainbow trout acts on mastitis pathogens. FEMS Micro. Biol. Lett. 51, 179-182.
Halver, J.E., 1972. The role of ascorbic acid in fish disease and tissue repair. Bull. Jap. Soc. Sci. Fish. 38, 79-92.
Halver, J.E., Ashley, L.M., Smith,R.R., 1969. Ascorbic acid requirements of coho salmon and rainbow trout. Trans. Amer. Fish. Soc. 98, 762-771.
Hardie, L.J., Fletcher, T.C., Secombes, C.J., 1991. The effect of dietary vitamin C on the immune response of the Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.). Aquaculture 95, 201-214.
Hilton, J.W., Cho, C.Y., Slinger, S.J., 1978. Effect of graded levels of supplemental ascorbic acid in practical diet fed to rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). J. Fish. Res. Board Can. 35, 431-436.
Ingram, G., 1980. Substances involved in the natural resistance of fish to infection. J. Fish Biol. 16, 23-60.
Itami, T., Kondo, M., Uozu, M., Suganuma, A., Abe, T., Nakagawa, A., Suzuki, N., Takahashi, Y., 1996. Enhancement of resistance against Enterococcus seriolicida infection in yellowtail, Seriola quinqueradiata(Temminck and Schlegel), by oral administration of peptideglycan derived from Bifidobacterium thermophilum. J. Fish Dis. 9, 185-187.
Iwama, G., Nakanishi, T., 1996. The Fish Immune System: Organism, Pathogen and Environment. Academic Press, San Diego, pp.1-380.
Jeney, G., Galeotti, M., Volpatti, D., Jeney, Z., Anderson, D.P., 1997. Prevention of stress in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fed diets containing different doses of glucan. Aquaculture 154, 1-15.
Jeney, G., Nemcsók, J., Jeney, Z., Oláh, J., 1992. Acute effect of sublethal ammonia concentrations on common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.).Ⅱ. Effect of ammonia on blood plasma transaminase(GOT, GPT), GIDH enzyme activity, and ATP value. Aquaculture 104, 149-156.
Jørgensen, J.B., Robertsen, B., 1995. Yeast β-glucan stimulates respiratory burst activity of Altantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) macrophages. Dev. Comp. Immunol. 19, 43-57.
Jørgensen, J.B., Sharp, G.J.E., Secombes, C.J., Robertsen, B., 1993. Effect of a yeast-cell-wall glucan on the bactericidal activity of rainbow trout macrophages. Fish Shellfish Immunol. 3, 267-277.
Kim, S.G., Kang, J.C., 2004. Effect of dietary copper exposure on accumulation, growth and hematological parameters of the juvenile rockfish, Sebastes schlegeli. Mar. Environ. Res. 58, 65-82.
Kiron, V., Puangkaew, J., Ishizaka, K., Satoh, S., Watanabe, T., 2004. Antioxidant status and nonspecific immune responses in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fed two levels of vitamin E along with three lipid sources. Aquaculture 234, 361-379.
Kitabchi, A.E., 1967. Ascorbic acid in steroidogenesis. Nature 215, 1385-1386.
Klauke, R., Schmidt, E., Lorentz, K., 1993. Recommendation for carrying out standard ECCLS procedures for the catalytic concentrations of creatine kinase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and γ-glutamyltransferase at 37℃. Eur. J. Clin. Chem. Clin. Biochem. 31, 901-909.
Kwak, J.K., Park, S.W., Koo, J.G., Cho, M.G., Buchholz, R., Goetz, P., 2003. Enhancement of the non-specific defence activities in carp (Cyprinus carpio) and flounder (Paralichthys olivcaces) by oral administration of Schizophyllan. Acta Biotechnol. 23, 359-371.
Lall, S.P, Olivier, G., Weerakoon, D.E.M., Hines, J.A., 1989. The effect of vitamin C deficiency and excess on immune response in atlantic salmon(Salmo salar L.). In: Takeda, M., Watanabe, T. (Eds.), The Current Status of Fish Nutrition in Aquaculture. Tokyo University of Fisheries, Tokyo, pp. 427-441.
Lee, K.J., Kim, K.W., Bai, S.C., 1998. Effect of different dietary levels of L-ascorbic acid on growth and tissue vitamin C concentration in juvenile Korean rock-fish Sebastes schlegeli(Hilgendorf). Aquacult. Res. 29, 237-244.
Li, Y., Lovell, R.T., 1985. Elevated levels of dietary ascorbic acid increase immune responses in channel catfish. J. Nutr. 115, 123-131.
Lim, C., Lovell, R.T., 1978. Pathology of the vitamin C deficiency syndrome in the channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus). J. Nutr. 108, 1137-1146.
Lin, S.Y., 1968. Milkfish farming in Taiwan: A review of pratice and problems. Fish Cult. Rep. 3, 1-63.
Lin, M.F., Shiau, S.Y., 2005. Dietary L-ascorbic acid affects growth, non-specific immune response nd disease resistance in juvenile grouper, Epinephelus malabaricus. Aquaculture 244, 215-221.
Liu, O.R., Plummb, J.A., Guerin, M., Lovell, R.T., 1989. Effect of megalevels of dietary vitamin C on the immune responses of channel catfish Ictaurus punctatus in ponds. Dis. Aquat. Org. 7, 191-194.
Livingstone, D.R., Archibald, S., Chipman, J.K., Maesh, J.W., 1992. Antioxidant enzymes in liver of dab Limanda limanda from the North Sea. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 91, 97-104.
Livingstone, D.R., Lemaire, P., Mathews, A., Peter, L., Bucke, D., Law, R.J., 1993. Pro-oxidant antioxidant and 7-ethoxyesonifin-Decthylase activity response in liver of dab, Limanda limanda, exposed to sediment contaminated with hydrocarbons and other chemicals. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 26, 602-606.
Matsuo, K., Miyazono, I., 1993. The influence of long-term administration of peptidoglycan on disease resistance and growth of juvenile rainbow trout. Bull. Jap. Soc. Sci. Fish. 59, 1377-1379.
Matsuyama, H., Yano, T., Yamakawa, T., Nakao, M., 1992. Opsonic effect of the third complement component (C3) of carp (Cyprinus carpio) on phagocytosis by neutrophils. Fish Shellfish Immunol. 2, 69-78.
Michael, M.I., Hilmy, A.M., El-Domiaty, N.A., Wershana, K., 1987. Serum transaminases activity and histopathological changes in Clarias lazera chronically exposed to nitrite. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 86, 255-262.
Mishra, S., Mukhopadhyay, P.K., 1996. Ascorbic acid requirement of catfish fry Clarias batrachus(Linn). Indian J. Fish. 43, 157-162.
Montero, D., Marrero, M., Izquierdo, M.S., Robaina, L., Vergara, J.M., Tort, L., 1999. Effect of vitamin E and C dietary supplementation on some immune parameter of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) juveniles subjected to crowding stress. Aquaculture 171, 269-278.
Mulero, V., Esteban, M.A., Mesequer, J., 1998. Effects of in vitro addition of exogenous vitamin C and E on gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.) phagocytes. Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. 66, 185-199.
Murai, T., Andrews, J.W., Bauernfeind, J.C., 1978. Use of L-ascorbic acid, ethocel coated ascorbic acid and ascorbate-2-sulfate in diets for channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus). J. Nutr. 108, 1761-1766.
Murai, T., Kodama, H., Naiki, M., Mikami, T., Izawa, H., 1990. Isolation and characterization of rainbow trout C-reactive protein. Dev. Comp. Immunol. 14, 49-58.
Myllyla, R., Kuntki-Savolainen, E.R., Kirirrikko, K.I., 1978. The role of ascorbate in the prolyl hydroxylase reaction. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commu. 83, 441-448.
Nakanishi, Y., Kodama, H., Murai, T., Mikami, T., Izawa, H., 1991. Activation of rainbow trout complement by C-reactive protein. Am. J. Vet. Res. 52, 397-401.
Navarre, O., Halver, J.E., 1989. Disease resistance and humoral antibody production in rainbow trout fed high levels of vitamin C. Aquaculture 79, 207-221.
Niki, E., 1987. Interaction of ascorbate and α-tocopherol. Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 498, 186-199.
Nikl, L., Albright, L., Evelyn, T.P.T., 1991. Influence of seven immunostimulants on the immune response of Coho salmon to Aeromonas salmonicida. Dis. Aquat. Org. 12, 7-12.
Nikl, L., Albright, L., Evelyn, T.P.T., 1993. Trials with an orally and immersion-administered β-1,3 glucan as an immunoprophylactica gainst Aeromonas salmonicida in juvenile Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha. Dis. Aquat. Org. 17, 191-196.
Oliver, G., Eaton, C.A., Campbell, N., 1986. Interaction between Aeromonas salmonicida. Dis. Aquat. Org. 12, 7-12.
Ortuño, J., Cuesta, A., Esteban, M.A., Meseguer, J., 2001. Effect of oral administration of high vitamin C and E dosages on the gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.) innate immune system. Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. 79, 167-180.
Ortuño , J., Cuesta, A., Rodriguez, A., Esteban, M.A., Meseguer, J., 2002. Oral administration of yeast, Saccharomyces cervisiae, enhances the cellular innate immune response of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.). Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. 85, 41-50.
Ortuño, J., Esteban, M.A., Meseguer, J., 1999. Effect of high dietary intake of vitamin C on non-specific immune response of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.). Fish Shellfish Immunol. 9, 429-443.
Phronkunthoug, W., Boonaratpalin, M., Storch, V., 1993. Histopathology of the gills of ascorbic acid deficient grouper, Epinephelus malabaricus. Gyobyo kenkyu 28, 151-159.
Raa, R., Rørstad, G., Engstad, R., Robertsen, B., 1992. The use of immunostimulants to increase resistance of aquatic organisms to microbial infection. In : Shariff, M., Subasighe, R.P., Arthur, J.R., (Eds.), Disease iin Asian Aquaculture Vol. 1. Fish Health Section, Asian Fisheries Society, Manila, Philippines, pp. 39-50.
Roberts, M.L., Davies, S.J., Plsford, A.L., 1995. The influence of ascorbic acid (vitamin C) on non-specific immunity in the turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.). Fish Shellfish Immunol. 5, 27-38.
Rosenlund, G., Jorgensen, L., Waagbø, R., Sandnes, K., 1990. Effets of different dietary levels of ascorbic acid in plaice Pleuronectes platessa L. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 96, 395-398.
Sahoo, P.K., Mukherjee, S.C., 2001a. Immunosuppressive effects of aflatoxin B sub(1) in Indian major carp (Labeo rohita). Comp. Immunol. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 24, 143-149.
Sahoo, P.K., Mukherjee, S.C., 2001b. Effect of dietary β-1,3 glucan on immune responses and disease resistance of healthy and aflatoxin B1-induced immunocompromised rohu (Labeo rohita Hamilton). Fish Shellfish Immunol. 11, 683-695.
Sakai, M., 1999. Current research status of fish immunostimulants. Aquaculture 172, 63-92.
Sandnes, K., Hansen, T., Killie, J-E.A., Waagbø, R., 1990. Ascorbate-2-sulfate as a dietary vitamin C source for Atlantic salmon Samo salar L. Growth, bioactivity, haematology and humoral immune response. Fish Physiol. Biochem. 8, 419-427.
Santarem, M., Novoa, B., Figueras, A., 1997. Effect of β-glucans on the non-specific immune response of turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.). Fish Shellfish Immunol. 7, 429-437.
Saroglia, M., Scarano, G., 1992. Experimental induction of ascorbic acid deficiency in seabass in intensive aquaculture. Bull. Eur. Ass. Fish Pathol. 12, 97-99.
Sato, M., Kondo, T., Yashinaka, R., Ikeda, S., 1982. Effect of dietary ascorbic acid levels on collagen formation in rainbow trout. Bull. Jap. Soc. Sci. Fish. 48, 553-556.
Sato, M., Yoshinaka, R., Ikeda, S., 1978. Dietary ascorbic acid requirement of rainbow trout for growth and collagen formation. Bull. Jap. Soc. Sci. Fish. 44, 1029-1035.
Secombes, C.J., 1996. The nonspecific immune system: cellular defences. In: Iwama, G., Nakanishi, T. (Eds.), The Fish Immune System: Organism, Pathogen and Environment. Academic Press, San Diego, pp. 63-103.
Shiau, S.Y., Jan, F.L., 1992. Dietary ascorbic acid reqirement of juvenile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus × O. aureus). Bull. Jap. Soc. Sci. Fish. 58, 671-675.
Siwicki, A.K., Anderson, D.P., Rumsey, G.L., 1994. Dietary intake of immunostimulants by rainbow trout affects non-specific immunity and protection against furunculosis. Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. 41,125-139.
Sobhana, K.S., Mohan, C.V., Shankar, K.M., 2002. Effect of dietary vitamin C on the disease susceptibility and inflammatory response of mrigal, Cirrhinus mrigala(Hamilton) to experimental infection of Aeromonas hydrophila. Aquaculture 207, 225-238.
Soliman, A.K., Jauncey, K., Roberts, R.J., 1986. The effect of varying forms of dietary ascorbic acid on the nutrition of juvenile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus. Aquaculture 52, 1-10.
Soliman, A.K., Jauncey, K., Roberts, R.J., 1994. Water-soluble vitamin requirements of tilapia: ascorbic acid (vitamin C) requirement of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Aquacult. Fish. Manage. 25, 269-278.
Song, Y.L., Hsieh, Y.T., 1994. Immunostimulation of tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon) hemocytes for generation of microbicidal substances : analysis of reactive oxygen species. Dev. Comp. Immunol. 18, 201-219.
Stickney, R.R., McGeachin, R.B., Lewis, D.H., Marks, J., Riggs, A., Sis, R.F., Robinson, E.H., Wurts, W., 1984. Response of Tilapia aurea to dietary vitamin C. J. World Maricult. Soc. 15, 179-185.
Suzuki, Y., Ai, T., 1989. IHN resistance with megalevel doses ascorbic acid in rainbow,Salmo gairdneri fry. Bull. Shizuoka Pref. Fish Exp. Stn. 24, 25-29.
Thompson, I., White, A., Fletcher, T.C., Houlihan, D.F., Secombers, C.J., 1993. The effect of stress on the immune responses of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) fed diets containing different amounts of vitamin C. Aquaculture 114, 1-18.
Verlhac, V., Gabaudan, J., Obach, A., Schüep, W., Hole, R., 1996. Influence of dietary glucan and vitamin C on non–specific and specific immune responses of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Aquaculture 143, 123-133.
Verlhac, V., Obach, A., Gabaudan, J., Schüep, W., Hole, R., 1998. Immunomodulation by dietary vitamin C and glucan in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Fish Shellfish Immunol. 8, 409-424.
Wahli, T., Frischknecht, R., Schmitt, M., Gabaudan, J., Verlhac, V., Meier, W., 1995. A comparison of the effect of silicone coated ascorbic acid and ascorbyl phosphate on the course of ichthyophthiriosis in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. J. Fish Dis. 18, 347-355.
Wahli, T., Meier, W., Pfister, K., 1986. Ascorbic acid induced immune- mediated decrease in mortality in Ichthyophthirius multifiliis infected rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). Acta. Trop. 43, 287-289.
Wahli, T., Verlhac, V., Girling, P., Gabaudan, J., Aebische, C., 2003. Influence of dietary vitamin C on the wound healing process in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Aquaculture 225, 371-386.
Wedemeyer, G., 1969. Stress-induced ascorbic acid depletion and cortisol production in two salmonid fishes. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 29, 1247-1251.
Weichselbaum, T.E., 1946. An accurate and rapid method for the determination of proteins in small amounts of blood serum and plasma. Am. J. Clin. Pathol. 16, 40-49.
Winston, G.W., Di Giulio, R.T., 1991. Pro-oxidant and antioxidant mechanisms in aquatic organism. Aquat. Toxicol. 19, 137-161.
Yamamoto, Y., Sato, M., Ikeda, S., 1978. Existence of L-gulonolactone oxidase in some teleosts. Bull. Jap. Soc. Sci. Fish. 44, 775-779.
Yano, T., 1995. The complement system of fish. Fish Pathol. 30, 151-158.
Yano, T., 1996. The nonspecific immune system: cellular defences. In: Iwama, G., Nakanishi, T. (Eds.), The Fish Immune System: Organism, Pathogen and Environment. Academic Press, San Diego, pp.105-157.
Yano, T., 2000. The immune system. In: Chen, J.C., Cheng, S.Y. (Eds.), Progress in Fish Immunology. Nation Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan, pp.41-61.
Yano, T., Hatayama, Y., Matsuyama, C.,Nakao, M., 1988. Titration of the alternative complement pathway activity of resprescentative cultured fishes. Bull. Jap. Soc. Sci. Fish. 54, 1049-1054.
Yano, T., Mangindan, R.E.P., Matsuyama, H., 1989. Enhancement of the resistance of carp Cyprinus carpio to experimental Edwardsiella tarda infection by some β-glucan. Bull. Jap. Soc. Sci. Fish. 55, 1815-1819.
Yoshida, T., Kruuger, R., Inglis, V., 1995. Augmentation of non-specific protection in African catfish, Clarias gariepinus(Burchell), by the long-term oral administration of immunostimulant. J. Fish Dis. 18, 195-198.
Yousif, A.N., Albright, L.J., Evelyn, T.P.T., 1994. Purification and characterization of a galactose-specific lectin from the eggs of coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch and its interaction with bacterial fish pathogens. Dis. Aquat. Org. 20, 127-136.