臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本論文共分成三部分，(一) 以脫脂魚粉為蛋白質來源，不同油脂含量的添加(二) 以脫脂魚粉為蛋白質來源，不同油脂來源添加(三) 以脫脂魚粉為蛋白質來源，不同膽固醇含量添加；探討飼料中添加不同油脂質與量及不同膽固醇含量對白蝦成長、存活、體組織中肌肉及肝胰臟中脂肪酸組成的影響。
實驗一以魚粉為蛋白質來源，魚油：玉米油(2：1)為油脂來源分別添加：0%、2%、4%、6%、8%、10%和12%於飼料中，飼料粗油脂的含量為1.25%、4.38%、6.06%、7.84%、9.70%、11.70%和13.49%，實際含量較預期多0.62~2.38%，粗蛋白44~47%，粗纖維2.6~8.8。餵食添加10%油脂組有最好的成長，增重率為1164%，和其他組別有顯著差異，不添加油脂組，增重率最差為353%，且和其他組別有顯著差異，二次迴歸曲線指出白蝦幼蝦的最高成長添加量為11%，活存率則是添加2%~12%的組別有95%以上的活存，只有控制組活存率為83.3%，2%、6%、8%的組別達100%的活存。肌肉組織中性脂質20:5n-3、22:6n-3隨著油脂添加而有上升的現象。
實驗二以脫脂魚粉為蛋白質來源，亞麻油、牛油、玉米油、大豆油、欖橄油、魚油和芝麻油，配製成七種等蛋白，等能量的飼料餵食白蝦。各組蛋白質含量45.3~47.29%。結果以餵食添加6%魚油之處理組白蝦有最好的成長，餵食牛油組白蝦有最差的成長。亞麻油處理組飼料中脂肪酸以18:3n-3為主，牛油處理組以16:0、18:1為主，玉米油和大豆油以18:2n-6為主，欖橄油以18:1為主，芝麻油以18:1、18:2n-6為主，魚油組則含有其他處理組缺乏的20:5n-3和22:6n-3。白蝦肌肉組織中性脂質、極性脂質，肝胰臟中性脂質、極性脂質脂肪酸組成的表現受到飼料中脂肪酸組成的影響。
實驗三探討白蝦對膽固醇的最適需求量，以脫脂魚粉為蛋白質來源，不同含量膽固醇：0、0.2、0.4、0.5、0.8和1%配成六種等能量，等蛋白質的飼料，實驗結果餵食含0.8%的處理組有最好的成長，不添加膽固醇的組別成長最差，且有最差的存活率。餵食添加0.2%的組別成長則顯著的低於0.4~1%的組別，餵食添加1%反而會使成長下降，以broken line求出結果，飼料中膽固醇添加至0.68%時白蝦達到最佳的增重及活存率。

There were three experiments in this study. Experiment I was conducted to evaluate the levels of dietary fish oil/corn oil(2:1, w/w) mixture needed for maximum weight gain of juvenile Litopeaneus vannamei. Seven isoengergetic and isonitrogenous semi-purified diets with supplementary lipid levels ranging from 0 to 12% in 2% increments were evaluated with nearly metamorphosed post-larvae. White shrimp fed with diet without the oil supplement had significantly lower weight gain (353%) than those fed the other diets. White shrimp fed with diet containing 10% lipid had the significantly higher weight gain then those fed the other treatments. Based on the percentage weight gain data, using second-order polynomial regression analysis, the optimal dietary lipid of juvenile Litopenaeus vannamei was found to be approximately 11.0%. Survival ranged from 83.33%~100% for all groups. Experiment II was conducted to evaluate the effects of feeding various sources of dietary lipid on weight gain, survival and fatty acid composition of juvenile Litopenaeus vannamei. Seven semi-purified diets containing defatted fish meal were supplemented with 6.0% of either linseed oil, beef oil, corn oil, soybean oil, olive oil, fish oil, sesame oils, weight gain of white shrimp was best for shrimp fed the diet containing fish oil. Weight gains were the latest for shrimp fed the diet containing beef oil. The fatty acid composition of the shrimp generally reflected these of the dietary lipids, especially for the diets containing unsaturated fatty acids. Shrimp fed fish oil had high levels of 20:5n-3 and 22:6n-3 in body tissue. Experiment III was conducted to evaluate the effects of feeding different levels of dietary cholesterol on weight gains, survival of juvenil Litopenaeus vannamei. Six isoenergetic and isonitrogenous diets containing 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.5, 0.8, 1% cholesterol were evaluated. After termination of the experiment, shrimp fed the diets containing 0.5% and 0.8% cholesterol had significantly higher weight gain than those fed the other diets. Shrimp fed the diet without cholesterol supplement had the lowest survival and weight gain. Survival of shrimp fed cholesterol diets ranged from 75~95%. Diets containing 1% cholesterol had an adverse effect on shrimp growth. Based on percent weight gain data, using broken-line analysis, the optimal dietary cholesterol requirement for juvenile Litopenaeus vannamei was found to be approximately 0.68%.

謝辭 I
中文摘要 III
英文摘要 V
目錄 VII
表目錄 IX
前言 1
文獻整理 4
I. 白蝦 4
一．白蝦在分類學上的位置 4
二．白蝦生態及養殖情形 5
II.脂質 5
一．脂質營養 5
二．脂質廣義的種類 6
III.甲殼類對脂質的需求 6
IV.固醇 8
V.甲殼類對固醇的需求 8
材料與方法 10
I.實驗系統 10
II.實驗動物 10
III.實驗條件 10
IV.實驗飼料製作 11
V.分析項目 11
一.一般成份分析 11
1.水份及灰份 12
2.粗脂質 12
3.粗蛋白 12
4.能量 12
二.脂肪酸組成的測定和鑑定 13
1極性、非極性脂質之劃分 13
2.脂肪酸的甲酯化 13
3.脂肪酸組成的分析 13
4.脂肪酸的鑑定 13
三.總膽固醇的測定 14
1.藥品的配製 14
2.樣品的前處理 14
3.總膽固醇分析 14
四.統計分析 15
討論 25
結論 35
參考文獻 36
圖表 50

參考文獻

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漁業年報，2000-2002。

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