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研究生:林青怡
研究生(外文):Michelle Lin
論文名稱:從CMI/UNCITRAL草案論析海上貨物運送履行輔助人責任
論文名稱(外文):An Analysis on the Performing Parties'Liability of the Carriage of Goods by Sea from CMI/UNCITRAL Draft
指導教授:柯澤東柯澤東引用關係
學位類別:碩士
校院名稱:國立臺灣海洋大學
系所名稱:海洋法律研究所
學門:法律學門
學類:專業法律學類
論文種類:學術論文
論文出版年:2004
畢業學年度:93
語文別:中文
論文頁數:157
中文關鍵詞:海商法第七十六條喜瑪拉雅條款海上貨物運送
外文關鍵詞:CMI/UNCITRAL
相關次數:
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� � 摘� � � � 要

運送人使用履行輔助人所產生法律問題,因海上運送之危險性及責任衡平,有其特殊性及必要性,發展出自屬之責任原則。
國際海事委員會(International Maritime Committee,簡稱CMI)研擬運送法文書草案(CMI Draft Instrument on Transport Law),於二00一年十二月提交予聯合國國際貿易法委員會(United Nations Commission on International Trade Law,簡稱UNCITRAL)審議,二00二年一月八日,該份草案被制定為『海上貨物運送文書草案初稿』(Preliminary Draft Instrument on the Carriage of Goods by Sea),並交由UNCITRAL下之第三組運送法工作小組(Working Group on Transport Law)所審議。有關海上貨物運送履行輔助人之責任,草案中將『喜馬拉雅條款』明文化,不論從屬性或獨立性履行輔助人,皆為保障主體,且其內涵亦相異於傳統『喜馬拉雅條款』,規定積極與運送人相當地位,負擔運送人運送契約責任並享其利益,架構完整之海上貨物運送履行輔助人責任規範。我國海商法則增訂第七十六條,亦將『喜馬拉雅條款』明文化,惟與UNCITRAL草案尚仍有別,此差異之分析與比較,或可提供將來修法之思考方向。
Abstract

Due to the equivalent risks and duties of the carriage of goods by sea, the legal issues caused by the utilization of the agent by the carrier are specific issues, which require particular governing principles of duties.
The CMI Draft Instrument on Transport Law, drawn up by the International Maritime Committee (CMI), was submitted to the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) for review in December 2001. On January 8th 2002, the Draft was enacted as the Preliminary Draft Instrument on the Carriage of Goods by Sea, and was handed over to the UNCITRAL Third Working Group on Transport Law for review. In terms of the duties of the agent of the carriage of goods by sea, the Draft proclaims the Himalayas articles in writing that both the subsidiary and independent agents are protected entities. Different from the Himalayas articles, the Draft constructs a complete norm that identifies the duties of the agent of the carriage of goods by sea by regulating that the agent shares equivalent positions with the carrier and also bears the contract obligations and rights of the carrier. The Maritime Law of our country also proclaims the Himalayas articles in writing, yet it still differs from the UNCITRAL Draft. Hopefully, the analyses and comparisons of the discrepancies will provide valuable references for future amendment of the relevant laws.
目 次

第一章 緒論...............................................1
第一節 研究動機與目的...................................1
第二節 研究範圍與方法...................................6
第三節 研究大綱及預期目的...............................8

第二章 海上貨物運送履行輔助人之意涵......................11
第一節 海上貨物運送履行輔助人概念......................11
第一項 海商法之固有性及特殊性之影響..................11
第二項�履行輔助人之定義..............................13
第三項 本文之履行輔助人意義..........................21
第二節 履行輔助人責任-喜馬拉雅條款之適用..............24
第一項�『喜馬拉雅條款』之起源........................24
第二項�『喜馬拉雅條款』之沿革........................27
第三項�『喜馬拉雅條款』之新發展......................37
第三節 履行輔助人之責任基礎............................40
第一項� 特約免責之容許性.............................41
第二項� 契約相對性原則之折衝.........................43
第三項� 第三人利益契約之類推適用.....................47
第四項 法定化後之探討...............................48

第三章 CMI/UNCITRAL草案履行輔助人定義規範................51
第一節�CMI草案之背景...................................51
第二節 CMI草案對履行輔助人定義之規範內容...............53
第一項�規範內容......................................53
第二項�『performing party』之意義及比較..............58
第三項 對『喜馬拉雅條款』履行輔助人之影響............62
第三節 UNCITRAL審議草案履行輔助人定義規範內容..........63
第一項� UNCITRAL第三工作組審議時之疑義...............63
第二項 UNCITRAL對履行輔助人定義之內容................66
�第四節 『PERFORMING PARTY』定義規範之新意義............69

第四章 CMI/UNCITRAL草案履行輔助人責任規範................73
第一節�CMI草案規範內容 73
第一項�履行輔助人責任型態及責任範圍..................73
第二項�履行輔助人外延與運送人責任....................80
第三項�賠償義務人之證明責任..........................83
第四項�賠償責任......................................85
第五項�草案規範之影響................................87
第二節 UNCITRAL審議草案內容............................89
第一項�履行輔助人責任型態及責任範圍..................89
第二項�履行輔助人外延與運送人責任....................95
第三項�賠償義務人之證明責任..........................99
第四項�賠償責任.....................................100
第五項�小結-草案規範之影響.........................101

第五章 相較於CMI/UNCITRAL草案-我國海商法第七十六條規範.103
第一節�海商法第七十六條之制定.........................103
第一項�未制定前之實務態度...........................103
第二項�制定過程及其爭議.............................106
第二節�海商法第七十六條制定之影響.....................109
第一項�有關海上運送人之強制責任期間.................109
第二項�有關履行輔助人主體...........................119
第三項�有關履行輔助人之責任範圍.....................120
第四項�有關履行輔助人得主張利益種類.................121

第六章 CMI/UNCITRAL草案之影響-與我國法之比較(代結論...125
第一節 履行輔助人定義規範之妥當性.....................125
第二節�履行輔助人責任模式之比較.......................126
第三節 小結...........................................129
參考書目及文獻

一、中文部分:

(一)書籍:

1.張新平,海商法,五南出版社,民國九十三年。
2.鄭玉波著,林群弼修訂,海商法,三民書局,民國九十二年。
3.楊仁壽,最新海商法論,自版,三版,民國九十二年。
4.林群弼,海商法論,三民書局,民國九十二年。
5.崔延紘,海洋運送學,國立編譯館,初版,民國九十一年。
6.賴來焜,最新海商法論,神州圖書出版社,民國九十一年。
7.張新平,海商法,五南出版社,民國九十一年。
8.邱聰智,新訂債法各論(中),元照出版社,初版,民國九十一年。
9.柯澤東,最新海商法貨物運送責任篇,元照出版社,民國九十年。
10.梁宇賢,海商法精義(修訂新版),瑞興圖書公司,民國九十年。
12.柯澤東,海商法修訂新論,元照出版社,民國八十九年。
13.楊仁壽,海商判決評釋,自版,民國八十九年。
14.楊仁壽,載貨證券,自版,民國八十九年。
15.曾國雄、張志清、鍾政棋,載貨證券理論與實務(修訂版),自版,民國八十九年。
16.楊仁壽,海牙威士比規則,初版,自版,民國八十九年。
17.施智謀,海商法(最新修訂版),三民書局,民國八十八年。
18.楊仁壽,海商法論,作者自版,民國八十六年。
19.劉宗榮,海商法,作者自版,民國八十五年。
20.柯澤東,海商法論,自版,民國八十三年。
21.施智謀,海商法專題研究,律廉法學叢書,民國八十一年。

(二)學位論文:

1.梁志偉,國際海上貨物運送法之新趨勢─國際海事委員會運送法草案之研究,國立政治大學法律學研究所碩士,民國九十二年。
2.蔡建賢,載貨証券上『喜馬拉雅條款』之研究,國立台灣大學法律研究所碩士,民國七十六年。
3.謝家健,海上貨物運送履行輔助人行為所生責任之研究,輔仁大學法律研究所碩士,民國七十六年。
4.許春鎮,港埠裝卸人法律地位之研究,國立海洋大學海洋研究所碩士,民國七十五年。

(三)期刊:

1.王肖卿,新國際貨物運送公約草案適用範圍之探討,國立政治大學法學院財經法新趨勢研討會(八)暨兩岸財經法學術研討會,民國九十三年十一月十四日。
2.林一山,運送人之確定以及貨櫃廠位於基隆港區外所產生之法律問題,月旦法學,第一一0期,民國九十三年七月。
3.林一山,貨物運送人與其履行輔助人法律責任之探討,臺灣海洋法學報第一期第二卷,頁二五至五二,民國九十一年十二月。
4.王敏華、鍾政棋,海上貨物運送人履行輔助人之責任及義務--論海商法第七十六條之規定,航運季刊,第十一期三卷,頁六三至八三,民國九十一年九月。
5.柯澤東,美國參議院一九九九年「海上貨物運送條例」修正草案之觀察、論析與省思,萬國法律第一一0期,頁四七至六一,民國八十九年四月。

二、英文部分:

(一)書籍:

1.William Tetley, Chapter 36 The Himalaya Clause - Heresy or Genius ? , Marine Cargo Claims , fourth edition (to be published in 2008) ,see http://tetley.law.mcgill.ca/maritime/ch36.htm
2.Thomas J. Schoenbaum.,Admiralty and maritime law,St. Paul, MN : Thomson/West, Fourth Edition,2004。
3.Jody L. Mikasen,American Jurisprudence (Shipping),Second Edition,May 2004。
4.Simon Baughen,MA,Shipping Law, second edition reprinted,Cavendish Publishing Limited,2003。
5.Sze Ping-fat ,Carrier´s Liability under the Hague ,Hague-Visby and Hamburg Rules,Kluwer Law International,2002。
6.Wilson, John F.,Carriage of Goods by Sea,fourth edition,Harlow : Longman, 2001。
7.Treitel, G. H,Carver on bills of lading,first edition,Sweet & Maxwell, 2001。
8.Christopher Hill ,Maritime law,fifth edition, Lloyd's of London Press, 1998。
9.Gerard J.Mangone,United States Admiralty Law,Kluwer Law International,1997。
10.Stewart C .Boyd,Scrutton on charterparties and bills of lading,London : Sweet & Maxwell, ,20th ed.,1996。
11.Geoffrey Brice,Maritime law of salvage,second edition,Sweet and Maxwell, 1993。
12.Ignacio Arroyo., International maritime conventions,Kluwer Law and Taxation Publishers,1991。
13.Robert Grime,Shipping Law,London Sweet &Maxwell,second edition,1991
14.Clive Maximilian Schmitthoff with assistance from John Adam,Schmitthoff's Export trade : the law and practice of international trade,London : Steven, ,9th ed ,1990
15.E. R. Hardy Ivamy,Payne and Ivamy's Carriage of goods by sea,London : Butterworths, ,13th ed.,1989
16.Njjgaskell•Cdebattista and Rjswatton,Chorley and Giles' Shipping law, London : Pitman, ,eighth edition,1988
17.Raoul Colinvaux,Carver’s Carriage by Sea,thirteenth edition,Sweet and Maxwell, 1982。
18.Grant Gilmore and Charles L. Black, Jr,The Law of Admiralty ,Mineola, N.Y. : Foundation Press, 2nd ed ,1975

(二)期刊:

1.Kathleen K. Charvet and Heather A. Waterman ,Recent Developments in Maritime Law ,28 Tulane Maritime Law Journal 375, Summer 2004。
2.William Tetley,Bills of Lading: Where Both Sides of the Bill of Lading Differ, the Charterer, not the Shipowner, is the Carrier, the Shipowner May Not Benefit From a Himalaya Clause, and only a Claimant with Title at the Time May Sue the Shipowner in Tort. Homburg Houtimport B.v. v. Agrosin Private LTD. (The Starsin), [2003] LLOYD'S REP. 571, 2003 AMC 913 (H.L.) , 35 Journal of Maritime Law and Commerce. 121 ,January, 2004。
3.James L. Chapman, IV and Shawn A. Voyles, Cargo Litigation: a Primer on Cargo Claims and Review of Recent Developments, 16 University of San Francisco Maritime Law Journal.1,2003-2004。
4.William Tetley, Reform of carriage of goods - The UNCITRAL Draft & SENATE COGSA ’99 ,“Lets have a two-track approach” ,28 Tul. Mar. L.J. ,2003。http://tetley.law.mcgill.ca/maritime/uncitralcogsareform.pdf
5.William Tetley,The Himalaya Clause–revisited,9 JIML ,2003。
6.Meagen Leary ,Vessel Manager Liability in Tort Actions : Steel Coils, INC.v. M/V Captain Nicholas I, 27 Tulane Maritime Law Journal 645 ,Summer 2003。
7.James J. Tamulski, Recent Developments In Cargo Law, 15 University of San Francisco Maritime Law Journal 159, 2002-2003。
8.Debattista, Charles,The CMI/UNCITRAL Cargo Liability Regime: Regulation for the 21st Century? , LMCLQ, part3, August 2002。
9.Girvin, Stephen, The 37th Committee Maritime International Conference: A report, LMCLQ, part3, August 2001。
10.William Tetley,Let’s Have a Two Track Approach” Commentary of William Tetley on the CMI’s Final Draft Instrument on Transport Law of Dec. 10, 2001。
11.Tony Vlasto and Julian Clark, The Effect of the Contracts (Rights of Third Parties) Act 1999 on Voyage and Time Charter Parties ,25 Tulane Maritime Law Journal 519, Summer 2001。
12.Jeffrey Kvandal, Extending The COGSA Umbrella: The Eleventh Circuit Sets Limits for the Standing of Cargo Owners Not Named In Bills of Lading In Polo Ralph Lauren,L.P. V. Tropical Shipping & Construction CO.,25 Tulane Maritime Law Journal 537, Summer 2001
13.Erich P. Wise, The Marine Terminal and Its Contracts: Avoiding and Shifting The Risks of Marine Terminal Operations, 13 University of San Francisco Maritime Law Journal 227 , 2000-2001。
14.Digby Jess,Reform of direct rights of action by third parties against non-motor liability insurers,LMCLQ, part2, May 2000。
15.Chen Liang ,Benefits and Burdens of Third Parties Under Exception Clauses in Bills of Lading ,24 International Maritime Law 225, Winter 1999。
16.James B. Devine & Alan R. Johnston ,Recent Maritime Decisions Within The Ninth Circuit Region, 11 University of San Francisco Maritime Law Journal 355, 1998-1999
17.Charles S. Donovan, Jill M. Haley,Who Done it and Who's Gonna pay ? - Rights of Shippers and Consignees Against Non-Ocean Carriers Performing Part of A Contract of Carriage Covered by A Through Bill of Lading, 7 Journal of International Law and Practice . 415, Fall, 1998。
18.Michael F. Sturley ,An Overview of the Considerations Involved in Handling The Cargo Case, 21 Tulane Maritime Law Journal 263, Summer 1997
19.MacMillan, Catharine,Case and Comment: Elder, Dempster, Sails on: Privity of Contract and Bailment on Terms, Lloyd's Maritime and Commercial Law Quarterly. 1 February 1997,pp.1-7.。
20.Daniel E. Murray,The Extension of Damage and Time Limitations of the Hague, Warsaw, and Lausanne Conventions to Agents and Independent Contractors of Ship Lines and Air Lines, 25 Transportation Law Journal. 1, Summer 1997。
21.LeRoy Lamber,Damages Arising From Breach of Contract, Loss of Revenue, and "Indirect" Damages,72 Tulane Law Review 759, December 1997。
22.Andrew Phang and Toh Kian Sing,,On Himalaya Clauses, Bailments, Choice of Law and Jurisdiction - Recent Privy Council Perspectives from the Mahkutai (United Kingdom), Journal of Contract Law, 10, n3, Sep. 1996。
23.William L. Garwood and Kenneth G. Engerrand ,Recent Developments in Admiralty Law in The United States Supreme Court, The Fifth Circuit, and The Eleventh Circuit ,18 Houston Journal of International Law 709 ,Spring 1996。
24.Michael F. Sturley ,Proposed Amendments to the Carriage of Goods by Sea Act , 18 Houston Journal of International Law 609, Spring 1996。
25.Peter A. McLauchlan, Joseph P. Tabrisky, Christina M. Krescanko, Bruce R. Hoefer, Jr. and Marilyn L. Lytle, Recent Developments in Maritime Law,18 Tulane Maritime Law Journal 259,Summer, 1994。
26.Larsen, Paul B., Joseph C. Sweeney, Patrick J. Falvey, and Joanne Zawitoski., The Treaty on Terminal Operator Liability in International Trade, Journal of Maritime Law and Commerce. 25.3 ,July 1994。
27.Marva Jo Wyatt ,Contract Terms in Interm0dal Transport: Cogsa Comes Ashore, 16 Tulane Maritime Law Journal 177, Fall, 1991。
28.Marva Jo Wyatt,Contract Terms in Intermodal Transport: COGSA Comes Ashore,16 Tulane Maritime Law Journal 177,Fall, 1991。
29.James J. Tamulski ,Uniformity in the Law of Carriage of Goods by Sea,3 University of San Francisco Maritime Law Journal 105,Winter, 1990/1991。
30.Chester D. Hooper,Legal Relationships: Terminal Owners, Operators, and Users,,64 Tulane Law Review Association 595, December, 1989。
31.Thomas R. Denniston ,Carter T. Gunn, Alfred E. Yudes, Jr., Liabilities of Multimodal Operators and Parties Other Than Carriers and Shippers ,64 Admiralty Law Institute Symposium: Terminal Operations and Multimodalism 517, December, 1989。
32.Jonathan Rodriguez-Atkatz ,Apportionment of Risk in Vessel and Marine Terminal Contracts,,64 Tulane Law Review 497, December, 1989。
33.Richard W. Palmer and Frank P. DeGiulio,Terminal Operations and Multimodal Carriage: History and Prognosis,,64 Tulane Law Review 281, December, 1989
34.JoAnne Zawitoski ,Federal, State, and International Regulation of Marine Terminal Operators in the United States, 64 Tulane Law Review 439, December, 1989。
35.M. Kathleen Miller,Cargo Legal Liabilities: A Comparison of the Liabilities of Carriers ,Stevedores, Terminal Operators and Others for Cargo Damage , 17 Cumberland Law Review 763, 1986/1987。
36.William Tetley,Limitation, Non-Responsibility and Disclaimer Clauses, 11 Maritime Lawyer 203, Fall, 1986。
37.Zawitoski, Joanne,Limitation of Liability for Stevedores and Terminal Operators Under the Carrier's Bill of Lading and COGSA, Journal of Maritime Law and Commerce. 16.3 ,July 1985。

三、日文部分

(一)書籍部分

1.山田 泰彥,船主責任限制ソ法理,成文堂,平成四年(一九九二年)。
2.窪田�宏,海商法(商法講義Ⅴ),晃洋書房,第二版,昭和六十一年(一九八六年)。
3.田中 誠二,海商法詳論,勁草書房,昭和六十年(一九八五年)。

四、網站資料

CMI網站
http://www.comitemaritime.org(2004.12.25)

UNCITRAL網站http://www.uncitral.org/en-index.htm(2004.12.25)
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