臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本論文使用Orbview-2衛星的Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor (SeaWiFS)葉綠素甲濃度資料，以及European Remote Sensing Satellite (ERS) -1/2衛星的散射計(Scatterometer)風場資料與Quick Scatterometer (QuikSCAT)衛星的SeaWinds海面風場資料，並使用經驗正交函數 (empirical orthogonal function, EOF) 分析的統計方法，探討南海的葉綠素甲濃度與風場的變化。南海的葉綠素甲濃度主要為年變化，EOF分析主要呈現沿岸濃度高、海洋濃度低的葉綠素甲濃度分布狀況；東北西南走向的沿海有冬夏濃度變化，夏季南海西邊濃度增加、東邊降低，冬季則相反。葉綠素甲濃度異常值的EOF分析，第1主成份顯示1998年聖嬰期間中國沿岸與中南半島海岸的濃度降低；聖嬰現象影響主要反映在第2主成分，其時間振幅與Niño 3.4指標相關係數0.80。南海平均風速為年變化，並帶有半年週期，冬季為東北季風，夏季為西南季風。風速EOF分析，第1主成分為明顯的季風分布，東北季風的強度大於西南季風。第2主成分則為季風轉換的風場分布，秋季以北緯15度為分界，以北為東北風，以南為西南風。季風所產生的艾克曼效應，在東北西南走向海岸造成湧升或沉降；冬季在婆羅洲西北沿海與東京灣(海南島西北近海)產生湧升，使葉綠素甲濃度增加，而中南半島東南沿海與中國沿海則是沉降，使濃度降低；夏季時的增減則與冬季相反。

The purpose of this thesis is using Orbview-2/Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor (SeaWiFS), and European Remote Sensing Satellite (ERS) -1/2 and Quick Scatterometer (QuikSCAT)/SeaWinds satellite data to discuss the chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) concentration and sea surface wind fields in the South China Sea (SCS). Chl-a in the SCS is nearly annual. Mode 1 results of the Chl-a empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis indicate that the higher Chl-a is mainly along the coastal areas, while the much lower Chl-a is in the offshore areas. EOF mode 2 results show a summer-winter oscillation of the Chl-a distribution in the SCS. The Chl-a anomaly data can be used to see its interannual variation. Through the comparison between EOF mode 2 results of the Chl-a anomaly and Niño 3.4 index, we find that Chl-a in the SCS is highly related to the ENSO events. The wind speed in the SCS is also annual. There is a northeasterly monsoon in winter, and a southwesterly monsoon in summer. Wind speed EOF mode 1 results indicate that the northeasterly monsoon is much stronger than southwesterly monsoon. The EOF mode 2 results of the sea surface wind indicate that the zonal area near 15。N can be a boundary to separate the wind pattern into two parts during fall, the wind in the north part is northeasterly and southwesterly in the south. Comparing Chl-a EOF mode 2 and wind speed EOF mode 1 results, we can find that Chl-a in the SCS is mainly influenced by the monsoon wind. Wind-induced coastal upwelling makes the Chl-a increase along the western SCS in summer and the eastern SCS in winter.

謝辭 I
中文摘要 II
Abstract IV
目錄 VI
表目錄 VIII
圖目錄 IX
第一章 前言 1
第二章 資料來源與研究方法 6
2.1 衛星遙測資料 6
2.1.1 海表面葉綠素甲濃度 6
2.1.2 衛星風場 6
2.2 Niño 3.4指標 7
2.3 研究方法 8
2.3.1均方根影像 8
2.3.2 經驗正交函數分析 10
第三章 結果與討論 14
3.1 海表面葉綠素甲濃度 14
3.1.1 各月平均葉綠素甲濃度變化 14
3.1.2 葉綠素甲濃度均方根影像分析 19
3.1.3 葉綠素甲濃度EOF分析 20
3.1.4 葉綠素甲濃度去除空間平均EOF分析 23
3.1.5 葉綠素甲濃度去除時間平均EOF分析 26
3.1.6 葉綠素甲濃度異常值EOF分析 27
3.2 海表面風場 30
3.2.1 各月平均風速變化 30
3.2.2 風速EOF分析 32
3.2.3風速異常值EOF分析 36
第四章 總結與展望 39
參考文獻 42
表 45
圖 48

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