臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究使用冷蒸氣原子螢光儀(CVAFS)結合汞齊濃縮設備，分析東海內陸棚(8個測站)與中陸棚(30個測站)沉積物中汞濃度，以瞭解東海陸棚沉積物汞的分佈、污染情形與汞之地球化學作用，沉積物樣品取自海研一號493、499與551航次之岩心樣品。分析結果東海內陸棚表層沉積物汞濃度範圍為26.45-47.58 ng/g，中陸棚為2.42-22.19 ng/g，表層沉積物汞濃度分佈由內陸棚向中陸棚區遞減，而內陸棚測站汞濃度離長江口越遠濃度越低，此分佈趨勢顯示東海陸棚表層沉積物汞濃度，主要受長江輸入的影響。此外，將表層沉積物汞濃度對鋁元素作富集程度計算，結果顯示所有測站之汞富集程度值介於0.07-0.55之間，顯示東海陸棚汞污染尚未顯著，其值分佈亦由內陸棚向中陸棚區遞減。

東海內陸棚岩心之汞垂直濃度分佈較不規則，內陸棚中有兩個測站深層沉積物濃度較表層高出2-4倍，此現象可能是由寧波工業區所排出之污染物發生污染事件或長江懸浮物輸出不一所致，而中陸棚岩心之汞垂直濃度變化小，顯示此區之沉積環境穩定，且成岩作用可能也不顯著。本文利用分析所得之汞濃度，配合文獻發表於東海之質量累積速率，估算東海內陸棚與中陸棚之汞年沉積速率為25.26-150 ng/cm2/y，而計算區域內汞年沉降通量為4.91-42.87 tons/y，此計算區域約站東海總面積之1/5，但此計算區域之質量累積速率為東海最高之區。

In order to understand the geochemistry and pollution of Hg in the East China Sea (ECS), sediment samples were collected from the inner and middle shelves of the ECS during cruises 493, 499 and 551 by R/V Ocean Researcher I, and were analyzed the Hg content employed the cold-vapor atomic fluorescence spectrometry (CVAFS) in the present study. The analyzed results show that the concentrations of mercury in surface sediments of the inner and middle shelves of the ECS were in the range of 26.45-47.58 ng/g and 2.42-22.19 ng/g, respectively. The distribution of mercury concentration in the ECS showed gradual decrease with seaward. The closer the mouth of the Changjiang estuary, the higher the concentration of Hg in surface sediment. This result may suggest that the spatial distribution of Hg in the ECS was strongly influenced by the Changjiang estuary. However, the value of the enrichment factor, the calculation of Hg concentration normalized to Al concentration, in surface sediment of the all studied stations ranged from 0.07-0.55, and the spatial distribution of the value resembled the Hg distribution. This result may reveal that the contamination of Hg in the ESC was still slight.

The profiles of mercury concentration were more irregular in stations located in the inner shelf than those in the middle shelf. In addition, the Hg concentration in deeper depth showed nearly 2-4 times higher than that in surface sediment in two stations. This phenomenon is probably induced by occasionally polluted event from the Ningbo industrial zone or the inconsistent supply of the riverine suspended particulate matter of the Changjiang estuary. In contrast, the profile variation of Hg in the all studied stations of the middle shelf show relatively minor, suggesting that the sedimentation flux in this area was constant and the diagenetic processes was also minor. Finally, based on the results obtained in the present study and the data of mass accumulation rate (MAR) of the East China Sea from literature, the annual sedimentation rate and sedimentation flux of mercury were calculated. The calculated area, which is the highest MAR area in the ECS, is approximately 1/5 whole area of the ECS. The values of both estimations were in the range of 25.26-150 ng/cm2/y and 4.91-42.87 tons/y, respectively.

目錄

中文摘要…………………………………………………………… Ⅰ
Abstract…………………………………………………………… Ⅲ
目錄………………………………………………………………… Ⅴ
表目錄……………………………………………………………… Ⅵ
圖目錄……………………………………………………………… Ⅶ
第一章 前言…………………………………………………………1
第二章 文獻回顧……………………………………………………3
第三章 研究區域………………………………………………… 12
3-1東海海域之海底地形概況……………………………12
3-2東海海域沉積物分佈概況……………………………13
3-3東海海域之海流及水文特性…………………………14
第四章 研究方法………………………………………………… 20
4-1沉積物採樣……………………………………………20
4-2分析方法………………………………………………21
4-2-1本研究分析所需之藥品……………………………21
4-2-2分析試劑……………………………………………22
4-2-3儀器設備……………………………………………24
4-2-4分析方法……………………………………………24
第五章 結果與討論……………………………………………… 28
5-1表層沉積物汞濃度分佈………………………………29
5-2東海陸棚中沉積物汞之垂直變化……………………35
5-3綜合討論………………………………………………37
第六章 結論……………………………………………………… 50

參考文獻…………………………………………………………… 51


表目錄

表2-1 汞之基本物理性質…………………………………………8
表2-2 1995和2000年全球人為污染之汞排放量…………………9
表3-1 中國大陸流入東海海域之河川其流域面積、年輸水量與
輸砂量…………………………………………………… 17
表4-1 本研究各測站之採樣日期、採樣位置及底深………… 26
表5-1 本研究和發表文獻其沉積物汞濃度與總有機碳之相關性
…………………………………………………………… 39
表5-2 各測站表層沉積物中汞與鋁濃度及富集程度………… 40
表5-3 本研究和發表文獻其沉積物中總汞和甲基汞之濃度比較
…………………………………………………………… 41
表5-4 本研究於東海陸棚汞之沉降通量估算………………… 42


圖目錄

圖2-1 汞在生物圈的循環和傳輸示意圖……………………… 10
圖2-2 汞於自然環境中之通量分佈…………………………… 11
圖2-3 受人為來源影響後汞於自然環境中之通量分佈……… 11
圖3-1 東海海域沉積物分佈圖………………………………… 18
圖3-2 東海海域之海流分佈示意圖…………………………… 19
圖4-1 本研究在東海海域各航次之採樣測站………………… 27
圖4-2 整組汞冷蒸氣原子螢光儀分析儀器…………………… 28
圖5-1 東海陸棚表層沉積物汞等濃度分佈圖………………… 43
圖5-2 東海內陸棚表層沉積物汞濃度分佈…………………… 44
圖5-3 東海陸棚表層沉積物汞與粒徑大小和總有機碳含量之相
關圖……………………………………………………… 45
圖5-4 本研究499測站之垂直分佈圖……………………………46
圖5-5 本研究493測站之垂直分佈圖……………………………47
圖5-6 本研究551測站之垂直分佈圖……………………………48
圖5-7 本研究之東海陸棚區域面積劃分圖…………………… 49

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