臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

摘要
近年來國際漁業資源保育意識的抬頭，特別針對具高度洄游性的鮪類實施漁獲量及配額上的管制，使得機動性強之近海鮪延繩釣漁船成為管理之重點，而委託標本船所填寫之漁獲統計資料，將可提供日後在國際會議中談判之籌碼。目前委託漁民所填寫的鮪延繩釣漁業漁獲調查表，通常無法反應實際之作業情形，而所回收之漁獲資料普遍缺少可信度。本研究試以呈現標本船之統計數據，期望對漁獲統計資料之合理性有所助益。因此為了解台灣近海鮪延繩釣漁業之填寫漁獲資料情形，本研究以問卷方式，於1998年11月29日至2003年6月15日期間，訪查南方澳、東港、新港三大主要鮪延繩釣基地之42艘標本船。共分析包括了漁獲資料中(1)各漁港之漁獲效率(2)漁船不同噸數之漁獲效率(3)日夜別投繩之漁獲效率(4)不同餌料之漁獲效率(5)季節性之漁獲效率(6)利用標本船資料校正其他鮪釣之單位努力漁獲量。研究結果發現由三漁港之標本船作業地點顯著不同，以南方澳及新港的標本船釣獲最多為非目標魚種之鬼頭刀，東港地區則是釣獲目標魚種之黃鰭鮪最多。漁船噸數愈大對於釣獲目標魚種之釣獲率反而降低，但在平均釣獲重量上是呈現增加之現象，顯示噸數愈大之標本船主要以漁獲目標魚種為主。投繩時間以夜間投繩之釣獲率較高，但日夜投繩對於釣獲目標魚種顯示並沒有顯著差異，而對於非目標魚種則有顯著差異。在餌料方面，使用皮刀魚餌對釣獲目標魚種及非目標魚種成效最好。春夏及秋冬季有明顯作業漁場變化，春夏均以台灣東部海域為漁場，秋冬則大多轉至南中國海一帶作業。噸數愈大可航行之最遠距離也隨之增加，兩者之間具正相關，可期望以實際作業天數替代投鈎數，校正可信度低之努力量。

關鍵詞：台灣近海、鮪類、延繩釣、漁獲性能、漁港、漁船噸數、日夜投繩、餌料、季節。

Abstract
The conservation consciousness of the international fishery resources have been gradually increased in recent years, especially to the commercial important migratory fish species in the high seas such as tuna and tuna-like species. Several regional international fisheries organizations have been formed to manage them with catch quota based upon stock abundance in international waters. Consequently, it makes the necessity of having reliable catch statistics for the offshore tuna longlining fishery, particularly based upon Taiwanese fishing harbors. Entrusting with the sampling vessels to verify the catch statistic would be the bargaining counter in international fisheries organization meetings in future. Furthermore, the current catch data reported by fishers could not often represent the real fishery situation. Therefore, it is very important and great urgency to understand the real fishing operation if we can have some assigned sampling fishing vessels with designed catch statistics so as to compare with current reporting system. Thus, we selected 42 sample vessels with questionnaire from three main longlining fishing harbors that are NanFanAo, DongGang, SinGang during 29 November 1998 to 15 June 2003. Reported catch data were analyzed as follows: (1) fishing efficiency of sampling vessels among three fishing ports; (2) fishing efficiency in relation to sampling vessel tonnages; (3) fishing efficiency between day and nighttime settings; (4) fishing efficiency among using different baits; (5) fishing efficiency among four seasons; and (6) correlation between sampling vessel tonnages and longest fishing distance. It revealed that the fishing sites are significant different among three fishing ports, the fishing vessels from NanFanAo and SinGang catch mainly the non-target dolphinfish. The DongGang longliners caught mainly target species such as yellowfin tuna. The catch rate of the target species decreased with vessels tonnage, but increased with average fish weight. Also, large longlining vessels caught mainly the target species. The catch rate was higher during the nighttime setting than daytime. However, there was no significant difference of the catch rate between the day and nighttime setting for target species, but significant difference for non-target species. Among fishing baits, he moonfish was the best to catch both the target and non-target species. The fishing grounds were varied significantly in four seasons. The eastern waters off Taiwan were the fishing ground during spring and summer, longlining was then transferred to the South China Sea during autumn and winter. There is a positive correlation between vessel tonnages and the longest distance of fishing. Therefore, it might be possible to replace CPUE by catch per day instead of catch per thousand hooks for current calculating tuna stock abundance estimation.

Key words：Taiwan offshore, tunas, longlining, fishing efficiency, fishing ports, vessel tonnages, day and night setting, baits, seasons.

目錄
頁次
摘要…………………………………………………………………I
Abstract……………………………………………………………III
第一章、前言………………………………………………………1
一、台灣鮪延繩釣漁業發展概況…………………………………1
二、漁具結構及漁法………………………………………………2
三、鮪延繩釣漁業之優點…………………………………………2
四、前人研究………………………………………………………3
五、研究目的………………………………………………………4
第二章、材料與方法………………………………………………5
一、漁獲統計資料…………………………………………………5
二、釣獲率之計算…………………………………………………5
三、漁獲物組成……………………………………………………5
四、漁獲資料分析…………………………………………………6
(1) 漁港標本船之漁獲效率……………………………………6
(2) 漁船各噸數之漁獲效率……………………………………6
(3) 日夜投繩之漁獲效率………………………………………7
(4) 不同餌料之漁獲效率………………………………………7
(5) 季節性之漁獲效率…………………………………………8
(6) 利用標本船資料校正其他鮪釣之單位努力漁獲量………9
第三章、結果………………………………………………………11
(1) 漁獲物組成…………………………………………………11
(2) 漁港標本船之漁獲效率............................11
(3) 漁船各噸數之漁獲效率............................13
(4) 日夜投繩之漁獲效率………………………………………14
(5) 不同餌料之漁獲效率………………………………………15
(6) 季節性之漁獲效率…………………………………………16
(7) 利用標本船資料校正其他鮪釣之單位努力漁獲量......19
第四章、討論…………………………………………………………20
第五章、結論…………………………………………………………27
謝辭……………………………………………………………………28
參考文獻………………………………………………………………29
表………………………………………………………………………36
圖………………………………………………………………………43
Appendix I……………………………………………………………72

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