臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究主要從1950年至2000年後冷凍鮪魚商品鏈的動態發展，以行動者網絡理論(actor network theory)的秩序模式（mode of ordering）探討地方行動者如何參與建構商品鏈，理解農業食物系統(agro-food system)重構、全球化現象背後食物鏈中不同行動者如何組織自然、社會、經濟與文化不同面向的異質元素，形成商品鏈變化的關係結果。在農業食物領域的重構與全球化的衝擊下，農業課題在經濟地理的理論發展衍生不同的詮釋。受到經濟地理文化轉(cultural turn)的影響，文化、自然與社會關係在農業與食物系統被再發現，更關注食物系統生產至消費的文化社會鑲嵌特性及行動者的動態力量。在冷凍鮪魚商品鏈轉向全球外包的過程，在生產端或貿易、消費端位置的行動者以不同方式減低自然的不確定性，台灣行動者有效地組織勞動力、技術與生產網絡達成低成本與快速成長的實踐，影響商品鏈的發展，2000年後資源組織與日本對台灣的管制措施使得部分成本實踐的工具意義轉變，台灣業者與管制組織在逃避與管制之間不斷對抗、協調，面對日本單一消費市場的萎縮也試圖轉型與開拓新市場，台灣行動者網絡的穩定空間與協商空間的交融，由秩序模式變遷可見不同行動網絡互動如何建構商品鏈的動態發展。

The research probes into how local actors participate in and construct the commodity chain from the dynamic development of global frozen tuna commodity chain from the year 1950 to 2000. Applying the concept of ‘mode of ordering’ in Actor Network Theory, I try to comprehend how different actors organize natural, social, economic and cultural heterogeneous elements, shaping the relational effect of the change of global commodity chain. Under the restructuring and globalization of agro-food system, the agricultural issue derives different interpretations in the field of economic geography. Affected by ‘cultural turn’ in economic geography, culture, nature and social relations are rediscovered, so that more researchers concern the cultural, social embeddedness and dynamic forces of actors in the agro-food study. When the global frozen tuna commodity chain turned to global outsourcing, actors in Taiwan effectively apply practices of low cost and fast development to change the commodity chain. After the year 2000, under the pressure of decreasing resources, because the tuna resource regulation organizations and Japan enforce the regulation measures, Taiwan actors try to evade regulations and to transform into vertically integrated corporations. The turn from ‘space of prescription’ to ‘space of negotiation’ of the mode of ordering revels how the different actor networks mutually construct the dynamic change of commodity chain.

第一章 導論 1

第二章 文獻回顧 2
第一節 農業在經濟地理學的理論發展脈絡 2
第二節 國際食物政權理論 4
第三節 全球商品鏈的分析方法與問題 6
第四節 晚近二十世紀對農業食物系統分析的新觀點與行動者
網絡理論的新視角 8
第五節 小結 15

第三章 研究發問與研究方法 16
第一節 研究發問 . 16
第二節 分析架構 17
第三節 研究方法與限制 18

第四章 1950-2000~年全球超低溫鮪魚商品鏈的變化 19
4.1 全球鮪罐市場與生魚片鮪魚市場 19
4.2 貿易與消費 20
4.3 捕撈部門的新國際分工 23
4.4 技術 26
4.5 全球管制的形成 28
4.6 全球生魚片鮪魚商品鏈變動的三個階段 30

第五章 台灣超低溫鮪魚產業發展歷程 34

第六章 冷凍鮪魚出口貿易過程與企業聚集節點 44

第七章 地方漁業與貿易公司網絡秩序模式的建構
—穩定化/協商空間 48
7.1 漁業的特殊性 49
7.2 穩定化的空間(Spaces of Prescription)
—低成本、快速成長的實踐 50
7.2.1 品質學習的穩定化與轉化 50
7.2.2 勞動力市場結構變化─流動的高階勞工與再外包
(re-outsourcing) 56
7.2.3 降低成本與減低風險的作業實踐 60
7.2.4 不同規模的地方漁業公司、台灣貿易商與日本商社
的網絡關係 63
7.3 協商的空間(Spaces of Negotiation)
─逃避管制與轉型的實踐 68
7.4 穩定化空間與協商空間的相互滲透 72

第八章 結論 75

第九章、政策建議與後續研究 76

參考文獻 78

附錄 一、圖片：前鎮漁港與哈碼星街市 82
二、受訪者名單 83

參考文獻

英文

Allen, J. (1999). Spatial Assemblages of Power：From Domination to Empowerment. Human Geography Today. D. Massey, J. Allen and P. Sarre. Oxford, Polity Press: 194-218.
Arce, A. and T. K. Marsden (1993). "The Social Construction of International Food: A New research Agenda." Economic Geography 69(3): 293-311.
Arrowsmith, M. (2001). Purple Gold：Niche Grape Growing Networks in Orange. University of Sydney, Sydney.
Bestor, T. C. (2004). Tsukiji─The Fish Market at the Center of the World.Berkley: University of California Press.
Bonanno, A. and D. Constnace (1996). Global Post-Fordism and Transformation of the State. Caught in the Net：The Global Tuna Industry, Environmentalism & the State. A. Bonanno and D. Constnace, University Press of Kansas: 76-117.
Busch, L. and A. Juska (1997). ""Beyond Political Economy: Actor Networks and the Globalization of Agriculture."" Review of International Political Economy 4(4): 688-708.
Byé, P. and M. Fonte (1994). Is the Technical Model of Agriculture Changing Radically? The Global Restructuring of Agro-Food System. P. McMichael. New York, Cornell University: 241-257.
Callon, M. (1986). Some Elements of Sociology of Translation: Domestication of the Scallops and the Fishermen of St. Brieuc Bay. Power, Action and Belief: A New Sociology of Knowledge? J. Law. London, Routlege: 196-223.
Callon, M. (1991). Techno-economic networks and irreversibility. A Sociology of Monster：Essays on Power, Technology and Domination. J. Law. London, Routledge: 133-161.
Clegg, S. and F. Wilson (1991). Power, Technology and Flexibility in Organizations. A Sociology of Monster：Essays on Power, Technology and Domination. J. Law. London, Routledge: 223-267.
Constance, D. H. and A. Bonanno (1996). Caught in the Net: the Global Tuna Industry, Environmentalism & the State, University Press of Kansas.
Deleuze, G. and F. Guattari (1987). Introduction：Rhizome. A Thousand Plateaus：Capitalism & Schizophrenia. G. Deleuze and F. Guattari, University of Minnesota Press: 3-25.
Foucault, M. (1980). The Deployment of Sexuality. The History of Sexuality Volume I：An Introduction. New York, Vintage Book.：75-132.
Friedland, W. H. (1991). Introduction: Shaping the New Political Economy of Advanced Capitalist Agriculture. Towards a New Political Economy of Agriculture. W. H. Friedland, Westview Press: 1-36.
Friendmann, H. and P. MicMicahel (1989). "Agricultural and the State System: The rise and decline of national agricultures, 1870 to the present." Sociolgia Ruralis 29(2): 93-117.
Gereffi, G. (1994). The Organization of Buyer-Driven Global Commodity Chains: How U.S.Retailers Shape Overseas Production Networks. Commodity Chains and Global Capitalism. G. G. a. M. Korzeniewicz, Greenwood Press
Gereffi, G. (1999). "International trade and industrial upgrading in the apparel commodity chain." Journal of international economics 48: 33-70.
Giddens, A. (1981). Agency, institution and time-space analysis. Advances in social theory and methodology. K. Knorr-Cetina and A. V. Cicourel. Boston, Routledge & Kegan Paul: 161-174.
Giddens, A. (1984). The Constitution of Society. Cambridge
Goodman, D., B. Sorj, and Wilkinson, J. (1987). From Farming to Biotechnology. New York, Basil Blackwell.
Goodman, D. and M. Watts (1994). "Refiguring the Rural or Fording the Divide? Capitalist Restructuring and the Global Agro-food System." The Journal of
Peasant Studies 22(1): 1-49.
Holm, P. (1999). Fisheries Resources Management as a Heterogeneous Network, Eco-Knowledge Working Seminar. Antigonish, Nova Scotia.
Hopkins, T. K. and I. Wallerstein (1984). Commodity Chain in the World Economy Prior to 1800. Review 10: 157-170
Hopkins, T. K. and I. Wallerstein (1994). Conclusions about Commodity Chains. Commodity Chains and Global Capitalism. G. Gereffi and M. Korzeniewicz, Greenwood Press: 48-51.
Hsing, Y.-t. (1999). "Trading companies in Taiwan''s fashion shoe networks." Journal of International Economics 48: 101-120.
Hudson, R. (2001). Producing Places. New York, Guilford Press.
Ilbery, B. and M. Kneafsey (2000). "Producer constructions of quality in regional speciality food production: a case study from south west England." Journal of Rural Studies 16: 217-230.
Latour, B. (1986). The powers of association. In J. Law (Ed.), Power, Action and Belief: A New Sociology of Knowledge? (pp. 264-280). London: Routledge& Kegan Paul plc.
Latour, B. (1999). On Recalling ANT. Actor Network Theory and After. J. Law and J. Hassard, Blackwell: 15-25.
Law, J. (1991). Power, discretion and strategy. A Sociology of Monster：Essays on Power, Technology and Domination. J. Law. London, Routledge: 165-191.
Law, J. (1992). "Notes on the Theory of the Actor Network: Ordering, Strategy and Heterogeneity."
Law, J. (1994). Irony, Contingency, and the Mode of Ordering. Organizing Modernity. J. Law. Oxford, Blackwell: 73-89.
Law, J. (1999). "Materialities, Spatialities, Globalities."
Leslie, D. and S. Reimer (1999). "Spatializing commodity chains." Progress in human geography 23(3): 401-420.
Long, N.(ed.)(1989). Encounters at the Interface: A Perspective on Social Discontinuities in Rural Development. Wageningen: Department of Sociology. Agricultural University.
Lowe, P. and N. Ward (1997). Field-Level Bureaucrats and the Making of New Moral Discourses in Agri-Environment Controversies. Globalising Food: Agrarian Questions and Global Restructuring. D. Goodman and M. J. Watts. New York, Routledge: 256-272
Mansfield, B. (2003). "Spatializing Globalization: A” geography of quality" in the Seafood Industry." Economic Geography 79(1): 1-16.
Marsden, T. (2000). "Food Matters and the Matter of Food：Towards a New Food Governance？." Sociolgia Ruralis 40(1).
McMichael, P. (1994). Introduction: Agro-food system Restructuring-Unity in Diversity. The global restructuring of agro-food system. P. McMichael. NY, Cornell University Press: 1-17.
Middendorf, G. D. (2002). Development Narratives: Actor-Network Theory and Panamanian Agriculture Development Policy. Department of Sociology, Michigan State University. Doctor of Philosophy.
Morris, C. and N. Evans (2004). "Agricultural turns, geographical turns: retrospect and prospect." Journal of Rural Studies 20: 95-111.
Murdoch, J. (1998). "The Spaces of Actor-Network Theory." Geoforum 29(4): 357-374.
Page, B. (2000). Agriculture. A Companion to Economic Geography. E. Sheppard and T. J. Barnes, Blackwell: 242-256.
Phyne, J. and J. Mansilla (2003). "Forging Linkages in the Commodity Chain. The Case of the Chilean Salmon Farming Industry, 1987 - 2001." Sociologia Ruralis 43(2): 108-127.
Pickering, A. (1993). The Mangle of Practice: Agency and Emergence in the Sociology of Science. American Journal of Sociology: 99, 559-589.
Raikes, P., Jensen, M.F., & Ponte, S. (2000). "Global commodity chain analysis and the French filiére approach: comparison and critique." Economy and Society 3: 390-417.
Sheard, P. (1989). "The main bank system and corporate monitoring and control in Japan." Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization 11: 399-422.
Stone, C. N. (1989). Regime Politics: the Governing of Atlanta, 1946-1988. University of Kansas
Watts, M. and D. Goodman (1997). Agrarian Questions. Globalising Food: Agrarian Questions and Global Restructuring. D. Goodman and M. Watts. New York, Routledge: 1-32.
Whatmore, S. (1995). From Farming to agribusiness. Geographies of Global Change. R. J. Johnston, P. Taylor and M. Watts, Blackwell: 36-49
Whatmore, S. and L. Thorne (1997). Nourishing Networks: Alternative Geographies of Food. Globalising Food: Agrarian Questions and Global Restructuring. D. Goodman and M. Watts. New York, Routledge: 287-304.
Wilkinson, J. (1997). "A New Paradogm for economic analysis." Economy and Society 26(3): 305-339.
Yamamura, K. (1976). General Trading Company in Japan: the origin and growth. Japanese Industrialization and Its Social Consequences. H. Patrick. Berkley, University of California Press: 161-199.

中文

李丁讚、林文源 (2003). "社會力的轉化：台灣環保抗爭組織的組織技術." 台灣社會研究季刊 52: 57-119.
吳國慶 (2000). 日本鮪魚市場概述. 2000年鮪魚年鑑. 傅新輔, 台灣區遠洋鮪魚船魚類輸出同業公會: 128-143.
洪榮鄉 (2004). 高雄地區雇用境外漁業勞工效益問題之研究. 管理學院 高階經營碩士學程碩士在職專班, 國立中山大學. 碩士.
徐維鑫 (1998). 日本冷凍鮪魚生魚片價格之長期均衡分析─共整合模型之應用. 國立台灣海洋大學 漁業經濟研究所. 碩士學位論文.
張正昇 (2000). 我國鮪漁業對外合作狀況. 2000鮪魚年鑑. 傅新輔, 台灣區遠洋鮪漁業輸出同業公會: 71-98.
邵世瓊 (2004). 我國漁船證照管理制度之研究兼論國人經營FOC漁船之問題. 環境生物與漁業科學學系, 國立台灣海洋大學. 碩士論文.