臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

摘要（Abstract）
本論文主要目的為探討遮光、氮素濃度與溫度對美人蕉生長與開花之影響。於7 - 2月間，設施內不遮光下之大花美人蕉較易萌發側枝，光合作用效率較高，且有助於開花及乾重之累積；輕度遮光（18%、30%、34%）下之美人蕉株高、葉片數、葉面積均較不遮光及重度遮光（68%、73%、80%）處理下為佳。美人蕉‘Orange Perfection’、‘Purpurea’及‘Pretoria aka Bengal Tiger’不遮光下之生長表現均較其他兩處理者佳。而本研究之參試品種於過度遮光下（68%、73%、80%）皆不利於生長。
以0、4、8、16及32 mM五種氮素處理，研究氮素濃度對美人蕉（‘Orange Perfection’、‘Purpurea’及‘Pretoria aka Bengal Tiger’）生長之影響。經處理4個月後調查結果，隨者氮素濃度增加，介質pH皆呈曲線下降之趨勢；各處理之介質EC隨者氮素濃度增加而增加，施用32 mM之氮處理者以Pour-through測之EC值高至3.9 - 4.3 dS m-1。缺氮處理之‘Orange Perfection’及‘Purpurea’葉片之葉綠素讀值偏低。當生長在氮素濃度0 mM處理時，乾重顯著較低。‘Orange Perfection’最大總乾重發生於16 mM N，之後總乾重不再增加；當‘Purpurea’氮素濃度超過16 mM時，總乾重顯著減少；‘Pretoria aka Bengal Tiger’施用8 mM時達最大總乾重，其後即使肥料濃度再增加，總乾重也不增加。
美人蕉種植於日/夜溫度為15/13℃、20/15℃、25/20℃、30/25℃及35/30℃五種溫控之自然光照溫室，結果顯示，最適宜美人蕉生長與開花之溫度約為25/20℃；此溫度下，能夠累積足夠之乾物重並快速進行葉片分化，進而有利到花日數縮短、小花數及花梗長達顯著。美人蕉在高溫（30/25℃及35/30℃）有利於植株快速生長，但是地下部卻生長緩慢，而低溫（15/13℃及20/15℃）下，可使植株將養份集中於地下部，有利分枝形成，但是株高較矮且地上部生長速率遲緩。
摘要（Abstract）
本論文研究遮光、肥料濃度與頻率及溫度對美鐵芋生長之影響。以68%遮光下，植株能增加較多之枝條數，且有利枝條萌發日數縮短，並能累積較重之地上部及地下部乾重，為適合美鐵芋生產之光度範圍。78%以上之遮光處理，雖然枝條長度較長，但徒長枝條較為瘦弱，而使地上部乾重較輕，且養分不易蓄積於地下部，使得根莖與根乾重減少。過度遮光下（88%）累積最少乾重，不利美鐵芋生長。
美鐵芋為生長緩慢之植物，不需較高之供肥頻率即有良好之生長；但是每週施用2次一倍之培養液則有助於品質之提升；本研究中生長品質良好之植株葉片成分為2.2% - 2.4% N；0.2% P；1.6% – 2.4 % K；1.0 % – 1.5% Ca；0.3% - 0.4% Mg。
對美鐵芋插穗貯藏後之生長而言，貯藏期限顯著影響美鐵芋插穗之發根、側枝數、根乾重及根莖乾重；在0 – 20℃內，以11天為貯藏上限，貯藏15天後取出種植者，其生長最差。
美鐵芋於20/15℃以下較不利於發根，地上部亦無側芽形成；在25/20℃下適合地下部生長，但無側芽形成；30/25℃擁有100﹪之發根率，形成最多根數，側枝也較多。
根溫顯著影響美鐵芋植株枝條數及枝條萌發所需天數，根溫25℃處理下植株擁有最長之枝條長、平均產生較多枝條數，且顯著有利於小葉乾重、枝條乾重及根莖與根乾重之累積，為適合美鐵芋生長之溫度；30℃根溫處理下不利葉片之生長，形成之枝條也較為瘦弱，可能已經超過適合美鐵芋生長之根溫範圍。

Summary
The objectives of this study were conducted on the effect of shading, nitrogen concentration and temperature on the growth and flowering of Canna spp. On the shading treatment, Canna ×generalis sprout the lateral shoot easier, have the higher photosynthesis efficiency and contribute to flowering and dry matter accumulation under 0% shading between July to February. Under light shading（18%、30%、34%）, the height , the number of leaf and the leaf area of Canna spp. show the better growth response than 0% shading treatment or heavy shading ones（68%、73%、80%）. ‘Orange Perfection’、‘Purpurea’and‘Pretoria aka Bengal Tiger’ have the better growth under 0% shading treatment than the other two treatment. Heavy shading treatment （68%、73%、80%）was insufficient to growth for all the cultivar conducted in this study.
Effect of nitrogen application on growth were studied in‘Orange Perfection’、‘Purpurea’and ‘Pretoria aka Bengal Tiger’ with five different concentrations of modified Hoagland nutrient solution（0, 4, 8, 16, 32 mM-N）. Regression analysis indicated a significant quadratic effect between nutrient solution concentration and medium pH, the decreased in pH with the increasing fertilizer concentration. The electronic conductivity (EC) of medium generally increased with the increasing nitrogen concentration application, EC has the highest value (3.9 - 4.3 dS m-1) with the N concentration of 32 mM-N. The chlorophyll content measured by SPAD chlorophyll meter, the result suggested that the CMR value was lowest with N concentration of 0 mM-N on ‘Orange Perfection’ and ‘Purpurea’. The dry weight has the similar trend to the SPAD measurement. On ‘Orange Perfection’, the maximum total dry weight was obtained when plants were fertilized with 16 mM-N. Dry weight of ‘Purpurea’ significant decreased with increasing N concentration up to 16 mM-N.‘Pretoria aka Bengal Tiger’has the maximum dry weight with 8 mM-N treatment.
Canna spp. grew in 5 different day/night temperature (15/13℃, 20/15℃, 25/20℃, 30/25℃ and 35/30℃) with the natural sunlight condition showed that the 25/20℃ treatment enhanced the growth and flowering, therefore, speeded the differentiation of leaf and cumulated enough dry matter to encourage flowering, shorten the days to flowering, and the number of florets and spike length have the best response. 30/25℃ and 35/30℃ treatment were beneficial for plant to growth fast, but the growth for underground is quite slow. Under low temperature treatment (15/13℃ and 20/15℃), it showed that plant save nutrient to rivet on underground which was beneficial to the formation of lateral shoot, on contrast, the plant height were shorter and aboveground growth slowly.
Summary
The objectives of this study were conducted on the effect of shading, fertilizatied concentration and temperature on the growth of Zamioculcas zamiifolia.When shading, Zamioculcas zamiifolia sprouted the lateral shoot easier and this treatment, shorten the days to sprouting and dry mass accumulation under 68% shading which was optimal for Zamioculcas zamiifolia growth. Over 78% shading, plants had longer shoots, but spindling, and the weight of aerial shoot were lighter, and the reduced the weight of rhizome and roots resulted from plants. Under the excessive shading treatment（88%）, plants accumulated minimum dry weight which was unfavorable to growth.
Zamioculcas zamiifolia were slow-growing plants which have well growth without high fertigated frequency, but it could promote plant quality if apply twice per week. The contents of macro-nutrient of under the experiments constructed in this study from health Zamioculcas zamiifolia were 2.2% - 2.4% N, 0.2% P, 1.6% – 2.4 % K, 1.0 % – 1.5% Ca and 0.3% – 0.4% Mg.
It’s terms of the growth of cuttings after storage, the number of lateral shoot, the rooting condition and the dry weight of roots and rhizomes were significant by storage duration.
Under any temperature treatment, there’s a limited to storage 11 days. After storage 15 days, was insufficient to growth for all temperature treatments in this study. Regardless of the storage temperature, 11 days was the limited period. And more then 15 days, cuttings had the wrost potential to growth for all temperature in this study.
The treatment (15/13℃ and 20/15℃) under low temperature, were unfavorable to root and to form of lateral shoots. The 25/20℃ treatment was optimal to the root growth, but helpless to the formation of lateral shoot. There were have the maximum rooting percentage (100%) and in no. of root and lateral shoot in 30/25℃.
Root temperature affected the number of shoot and days to sprouting significantly. Plants had the longest and more shoots at 25℃ root temperature, and it was useful in accumulation of leaflet, shoot, rhizome and roots dry weight powerfully. Under 30℃ was unfavorable to the leaf growth but formed emaciated lateral shoots, that maybe exceed the optimal root temperature for Zamioculcas zamiifolia growth .

內容目次
第一部份 遮光、氮素濃度及溫度對美人蕉生育之影響 1
第一章 前言 2
第二章 前人研究 4
一、遮光對球根花卉生長及開花之影響 4
（一） 遮光對球根花卉地上部生長之影響 4
（二） 遮光對球根花卉開花之影響 5
（三）遮光對球根花卉球莖生長之影響 6
二、氮素濃度對球根花卉生長及開花之影響 7
（一）氮素濃度對球根花卉生長之影響 7
（二） 氮素濃度對球根花卉開花之影響 8
三、溫度對球根花卉生長與開花之影響 8
（一）溫度對球根花卉地上部生長之影響 9
（二）溫度對球根花卉開花之影響 10
（三）溫度對球根花卉根莖生長之影響 11
第三章 遮光對美人蕉生長及開花之影響 12
一、前言（Introduction） 12
二、材料與方法（Materials and Methods） 12
三、結果（Results） 14
四、討論（Discussion） 19
第四章 氮素濃度對美人蕉生長之影響 29
一、前言（Introduction） 29
二、材料與方法（Materials and Methods） 29
三、結果（Results） 30
四、討論（Discussion） 32
第五章 溫度對美人蕉生長及開花之影響 43
一、前言（Introduction） 43
二、材料與方法（Materials and Methods） 44
三、結果（Results） 45
四、討論（ Discussion） 50
摘要（Abstract） 70
參考文獻（References） 73
附錄………… 78
第二部份 遮光、肥料濃度及溫度對美鐵芋生長之影響 80
第一章 前言 81
第二章 前人研究 83
一、美鐵芋之型態介紹 83
二、光強度對觀葉植物生長之影響 84
（一）光強度對葉片生長之影響 84
（二）光強度對株高及植株大小之影響 85
（三）光強度對植株品質之影響 86
（四）光強度對鮮乾重之影響 86
（五）光強度對葉片光合作用之影響 86
三、肥料濃度對觀葉植物生長之影響 87
（一）肥料濃度對植株生長之影響 87
（二）肥料濃度對光合作用之影響 88
（三）肥料濃度對葉片形態之影響 88
四、溫度對觀葉植物生長之影響 88
（一）貯藏溫度及期間對觀葉植物生長之影響 88
（二）氣溫及土溫對觀葉植物生長之影響 89
第三章 遮光對美鐵芋生長之影響 91
一、前言（Introduction） 91
二、材料與方法（Materials and Methods） 91
三、結果（Results） 92
（一）遮光對美鐵芋生長之影響 92
（二）遮光對美鐵芋乾重之影響 93
（三）遮光對美鐵芋光合作用之影響 93
四、討論（Discussion） 93
第四章 肥料濃度對美鐵芋生長之影響 101
一、 前言（Introduction） 101
二、 材料與方法（Materials and Methods） 101
三、 結果（Results） 102
（一）肥料濃度與頻率對生長之影響 102
（二）肥料濃度與頻率對乾重之影響 102
（三）肥料濃度與頻率對葉片巨量礦物元素含量之影響 103
四、討論（Discussion） 103
第五章 溫度對美鐵芋生長之影響 110
一、前言（Introduction） 110
二、材料與方法（Materials and methods） 110
三、結果（Results） 112
（一）溫度對美鐵芋葉插生長之影響 113
（二）溫度對美鐵芋葉插乾重之影響 113
四、討論（Discussion） 115
摘要（Abstract） 125
Summary …………………………………………………………………126
參考文獻（References） 128

圖目次
第一部份
圖3.1. 遮光對大花美人蕉地上部乾重、地下部乾重及總乾重之影響.. .22
圖3.2. 遮光對美人蕉‘Orange Perfection’、‘Purpurea’及‘Pretoria aka Bengal Tiger’淨光合作用速率之影響. 23
圖 4.1. 氮素濃度對美人蕉介質之pH及EC值之影響.. 36
圖 4.2. 氮素濃度對美人蕉葉綠素螢光值及SPAD值之影響.. 37
圖4.3. 氮素濃度對美人蕉乾重之影響. ……………………..38
圖 4.4. 氮素濃度對美人蕉地下部與地上部比例之影響. 39
圖4.6. 氮素濃度對美人蕉生長之影響.由上而下依序為‘Orange Perfection’,‘Purpurea’及‘Pretoria aka Bengal Tiger’. 41
圖5.1. 溫度對大花美人蕉‘Tropical Orange’及‘Tropical Rose’總乾重、地上部及根莖和根乾重與生長期之關係. 55
圖5.3. 溫度對營養生長之大花美人蕉‘Tropical Orange’（A）及‘Tropical Rose’（B）葉片數之影響. 57
圖5.4. 溫度對大花美人蕉‘Tropical Orange’（A）及‘Tropical Rose’（B）葉綠素計讀值之影響. 58
圖5.5. 溫度對大花美人蕉‘Tropical Orange’（A）及‘Tropical Rose’（B）總葉面積之影響. 59
圖5.6. 溫度對大花美人蕉‘Tropical Orange’（A）及‘Tropical Rose’（B）開花率之影響. 60
圖5.7. 溫度對大花美人蕉‘Tropical Orange’ (A) 及‘Tropical Rose’ (B) 生長與開花之影響. 61
圖5.8. 溫度對大花美人蕉‘Tropical Orange’（A）及‘Tropical Rose’（B）根莖與根生長之影響. 62
圖5.9. 溫度對美人蕉‘Orange Perfection’及‘Purpurea’總乾重、地上部乾重及根莖和根乾重之影響. 63
圖5.10. 溫度對美人蕉 ‘Orange Perfection’ (A) 及‘Purpurea’ (B) 乾重配置之影響. 64
圖5.11. 溫度對‘Orange Perfection’（A）及‘Purpurea’（B）葉片數之影響. 65
圖5.12. 溫度對美人蕉‘Orange Perfection’（A）及‘Purpurea’（B）葉綠素計讀值之影響. 66
圖3.1. 光度對美鐵芋淨光合作用速率之影響. 97
圖3.2. 低於光飽和點之光度對美鐵芋淨光合作用速率之影響. 98
圖4.1. 施用不同Peter’s肥料濃度及次數對美鐵芋生長之影響 105
圖4.2. 施用不同Peter’s肥料濃度及次數對美鐵芋根莖與根生長之影響 106
圖5.1. 平均溫度對美鐵芋葉片扦插乾重之影響. 118
圖5.2. 溫度對美鐵芋葉插生長之影響. 119

表目次
第一部份
表3.1. 遮光對大花美人蕉‘Tropical Orange’、 ‘Tropical Rose’及‘Tropical Red’生長之影響 24
表3.2. 遮光對大花美人蕉‘Tropical Orange’生長之影響 25
表3.3. 遮光對大花美人蕉‘Tropical Orange’開花之影響 25
表3.4. 遮光對大花美人蕉‘Tropical Orange’乾重之影響 26
表3.5. 遮光對美人蕉‘Orange Perfection’、‘Purpurea’及‘Pretoria aka Bengal Tiger’生長之影響 27
表3.6. 遮光對美人蕉‘Orange Perfection’、‘Purpurea’及‘Pretoria aka Bengal Tiger’鮮重及乾重之影響 28
表 4.1. 氮素濃度對美人蕉生長之影響 42
表5.1. 溫度對大花美人蕉‘Tropical Orange’及‘Tropical Rose’營養生長之影響. 67
表5.2. 溫度對大花美人蕉‘Tropical Orange’及‘Tropical Rose’花下葉數、到花日數、花梗長及小花數之影響 68
表5.3. 溫度對‘Orange Perfection’及‘Purpurea’營養生長之影響. 69
第二部份
表 3.1. 遮光對美鐵芋生長之影響. 99
表 3.2. 遮光對美鐵芋乾重之影響. 100
表 4.1. 施用不同Peter’s肥料濃度及次數對美鐵芋生長之影響. …… .107
表 4.2. 施用不同Peter’s肥料濃度及次數對美鐵芋乾重之影響. …………………………………………………………….…108
表 4.3. 施用不同Peter’s肥料濃度及次數對美鐵芋礦物成分之影響…………………………………………………………………109
表 5.1. 貯藏溫度及天數對美鐵芋葉插生長之影響. 120
表 5.2. 溫度對美鐵芋葉插生長之影響. 121
表 5.3. 根溫及氮素濃度對美鐵芋最長枝條長、枝條數及萌發所需天數之影響. 122
表 5.4. 根溫及氮素濃度對美鐵芋小葉片數、總葉面積及葉片厚度之響………………………………………………………………...123
表 5.5. 溫度及氮素濃度對美鐵芋乾重之影響. 124

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