臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本論文以數位式信號處理器(DSP)建構一套數位式心脈音量測分析系統，可以提供心音信號的紀錄、播放、雜訊濾除...等即時處理的平台。
此平台採用最先進的TI DSP 之TMS320C6711，是由定點、浮點及多CPU核心的數位信號處理器所組成。TMS320系列亦是針對即時信號處理之應用而設計，同時具備許多優點，如:使用浮點數處理資料、和C語言一樣有親切的架構、高速的性能和具有硬體乘法器。
本研究也應用此平台實現雙麥克風輸入架構，並使用適應性濾波演算法消除背景噪音。此外，也使用時間尺度調整演算法對各種心臟疾病典型之心音信號進行慢速播放處理，使得心肺疾病更易辨認。
將此TMS320C6711 DSK的硬體平台，配合自行開發的人機介面軟體可進行即時信號處理、演算法開發或資料紀錄、重播而建立一套實用的數位式聽診分析量測系統，希望能夠提升心音量測的品質及提供醫師ㄧ個更好的診斷工具，並拓展聽診器在醫學領域方面的應用。

In this thesis, we develop a digital signal processor (DSP)-based platform for heart-sound measurement and analysis. With the DSP kernel, this platform is capable of recording and playing heart-sound signal, as well as digitally filtering background noise.
The platform, based on the latest TI DSP chip--TMS320C6711, which features a multiple-CPU architecture, allows it to perform high-speed fixed- and floating-point computation. The TMS320 series of DSP chips are designed for the application of immediate signal processing and has a lot of advantages, such as speedy floating point calculation, built-in hardware multiplexer, and flexible c-like programming language.
Based on this DSP platform, we adopt a dual-microphone input in this study, and achieve adaptive noise cancellation with this dual input architecture. A Time Scale Modification algorithm, which can change the replay speed with minimal spectral distortion, is also employed to facilitate the recognition of heart diseases.
With self-designed human-machine software, this DSP platform allows real-time signal processing, algorithm developing, data recording and replaying, makes it a practical digital heart-sound measuring and analyzing system. We hope that this system can improve the quality of heart-sound measuring and provide doctors a better diagnostic tool, and further extend the stethoscope application in the medical field.

中文摘要 i
Abstract iii
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 前言 1
1.2 聽診器的原理 3
1.3 聽診器的發展 4
1.3.1 聽診器的由來 4
1.3.2 傳統聽診器的演進 6
1.3.3 聽診器結構 8
1.4 研究動機與目的 10
1.4.1 研究動機 10
1.4.2 研究目的 12
第二章 聽診系統架構平台 13
2.1 系統方塊圖 13
2.2 聽診頭 15
2.3 可變濾波器 16
2.4 數位信號處理器(Digital Signal Processors , DSPs) 19
2.4.1 TMS320C6711 DSK (DSP Start kit) 21
2.4.2 DSK的輸入與輸出 23
2.4.3 TMS320C6711 數位處理器架構 24
2.4.4 快取記憶體 25
2.4.5 TMS320C6711內建週邊(On-Chip peripherals) 26
2.4.6 記憶體分配 28
第三章 背景噪音消除系統 29
3.1 適應性濾波器 30
3.2 LMS適應性演算法 32
3.3 背景噪音消除結果 35
第四章 時間尺度調整 36
4.1 原理介紹 37
4.1.1 聽覺遮蔽（Auditory Masking） 37
4.1.2 心音之遮蔽效應 39
4.2 時間尺度調整之應用 40
4.3 時間尺度調整之技術 41
4.4 相位語音編碼 44
4.5 慢速播放結果 48
第五章 BCB介面軟體 50
5.1 軟體設計流程 50
5.1.1 Real Time 50
5.1.2後製分析 51
5.2 心跳演算法 52
5.3啟始畫面 53
5.4 Real Time之操作與功能 54
5.5後製處理之操作與功能 56
第六章 總結 59
6.1 結果 59
6.1.1 正常心音 60
6.1.2 瓣膜缺損造成的異常心音 61
6.2 結論 68
6.3 未來展望 69
附錄一 臺灣地區主要死因死亡率趨勢圖 75
附錄二 1992年普度大學電子聽診器研究 77

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