臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本文以市政團為中心，企能建構出十九世紀上半葉英國自治市的政治運作情況與人們對政治運作的相關看法。市政團是本文的研究對象，研究的時代段限則大約在一八三O年代到一八六O年代。一八三O年代輝格黨執政，相繼通過了「改革法案」（Reform Bill 1832）與「自治體法案」(Municipal Corporation Act 1835），這兩個法案對於英國的地方政治生態造成極大的衝擊。 改革法案在英國史研究中始終佔有重要地位，相較之下，自治體法案受到的注目則少得多。自治體法案的應用對象是自治市中的市政團，一八三五年六月，輝格黨的羅素提出該法案，在國會中引起了輝格與托利兩派人士的激烈辯論，許多托利人士強烈反對該法案，究竟這個法案對英國的地方政治生態產生什麼影響？何以引發許多托利人士的強烈反對？
本文探討自治體法案對於地方的政治生態、選民的政黨認同所造成的衝擊。本文共有五章，前兩章屬於本文主題的背景介紹，第一章先針對一八三五年以前的自治市體制與自治市的概念加以介紹；由於當時普遍認為沒有一八三二年的改革法案，就沒有一八三五年的自治體法案，因此第二章針對一八三O年代最受人注目的改革法案加以介紹，並說明當時的人們在一八三五年之際對於傳統市政團的看法；第三章則論自治體法案在國會引起的爭議、托利內部對於自治體法案的看法以及通過之後該法案的主要規定；第四章論述法案制訂後，一八三五年到一八四一年的自治市議會選舉與國會大選，討論英國的地方政治版圖是否受到自治體法案的影響，以及保守黨何以在一八三五之後，在市議會或是大選中都逐步取得優勢的原因；第五章論自治體法案對地方政治的影響，第一部份討論在自治體法案通過之後，地方的政治運作產生什麼樣改變，這部份專論選民政黨認同的情況與原因，論述一八三O年代英國選民的高度政黨認同，並且討論其原因為何，第二部分討論市議員開放民選之後，對於傳統的政治菁英是否造成衝擊，傳統菁英是否依舊壟斷都市管理階層，或是為數龐大的工匠選民可以依靠其選票而進入地方政治機構。因此本文希望在以往學者的研究基礎上，更全面的瞭解自治體法案對於英國地方政治所帶來的影響。

都市自治體法案（Municipal Corporation Act 1835）與英國地方政治, 1830—1860
序論： 1
第一章 改革前的自治市狀況 7
一、自治市的概念與組織 8
二、自治市與英國政治：復辟時期到一八三五年 15
第二章 改革法案與自治市的改革呼聲 19
一、一八三二年的改革法案 20
二、自治市改革的呼聲 25
三、自治市皇家委員會（Municipal Corporation Royal Commissioners） 30
第三章 都市自治體法案的制訂 33
一、皇家委員的調查報告與建議 33
二、輝格黨政府的改革提案與法案的辯論 37
三、自治體法案通過 50
第四章 自治體法案對英國政黨版圖的衝擊： 英國的選舉,1835-1841 55
一、自治市議員選舉：一八三五∼一八四一年 57
二、國會大選與托利復興：1841年大選 68
第五章 自治體法案對地方政治的影響 87
一、自治體法案對於選民政黨認同的影響 88
二、自治市內權力分配的變化 96
結語 103
參考資料 109

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